Tourism
bahram imani; omid hamid naneh karan
Abstract
This research was done in the year 2021 and is based on its applied purpose and in terms of its analytical and exploratory nature. The method of data collection, according to the nature of the research study, is both library and field. Qualitative data was collected through an open questionnaire and ...
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This research was done in the year 2021 and is based on its applied purpose and in terms of its analytical and exploratory nature. The method of data collection, according to the nature of the research study, is both library and field. Qualitative data was collected through an open questionnaire and document review. Quantitative data was prepared numerically and by weighting the Delphi questionnaire. In such a way that first the indicators were collected in different dimensions, and then they were provided to specialists and experts. In order to identify driving and key variables, the model of mutual effects has been used in the form of Mic Mac software. In the next step, after identifying the key factors, 30 experts were asked to assign a score of 0 to 3 to the indicators based on their degree of influence in the framework of the matrix of mutual effects. the results showed that six variables were in independent positions, two variables were input variables, two were dependent variables, and two were in binary positions. Also, the factor of planned tourism in the villages, whose direct impact was 24, as the input factor with the highest determining power in the first place, is the key driver for the development of tourism in the villages of Nair City from the expert panel's point of view. Also, environmental protection, residential facilities, and health facilities of the village were in second place with an impact rate of 17. In this regard, it is suggested to develop a codified programme for the development of rural tourism according to the powers and potentials of the region. In such a way that the development of the tourism industry in rural areas is studied as a new strategy by local communities, political agents, and planners who are considered important factors in the reform of rural areas and can play a major role in the development of these areas.
Geography and plan
marziyeh shahryari; hossien koravand
Abstract
Tourism, as the largest service industry in the world, is one of the important sources of economic prosperity in job creation, earning foreign exchange earnings, reducing poverty and increasing exchange and social interaction. The purpose of this research is strategic planning for tourism development ...
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Tourism, as the largest service industry in the world, is one of the important sources of economic prosperity in job creation, earning foreign exchange earnings, reducing poverty and increasing exchange and social interaction. The purpose of this research is strategic planning for tourism development and its role in rural development, which has been done in Zaras village of Izeh city. The statistical population of the study consists of three groups that using Cochran sampling method, 200 people have been selected as heads of households, 120 for tourists and 20 for officials as a sample. The present study uses field studies and determines the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats by SWOT analysis to present strategies and strategies for the development of rural tourism in Zaras and the results show that in tourism planning in Izeh (Zaras village) The first priority is competitive / aggressive strategies (so) and then the review strategy (wt). In fact, competitive and aggressive strategies show that by emphasizing local customs and local culture, increasing boating facilities and tourist safety by increasing government attention in this area will motivate to travel and attract the private sector and to achieve the goals by using These strategies are proposed to strengthen and increase facilities and services along with tourist attractions and resources in order to attract more tourists and create employment and income. The vulnerability threshold of this rural area is very high due to tourism potential and needs serious review and policy presentation. Appropriate arrangements are in place to remove restrictions and barriers.
Rural Development
Ali Bahrami; Noormohammad Abyar
Abstract
Agricultural development is one of the most critical strategies approaches in rural communities and agricultural development. However, the effectiveness of the strategy has been questioned by some macroeconomic policy makers and social groups. Therefore, Evaluating the socio-economic effects of agricultural ...
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Agricultural development is one of the most critical strategies approaches in rural communities and agricultural development. However, the effectiveness of the strategy has been questioned by some macroeconomic policy makers and social groups. Therefore, Evaluating the socio-economic effects of agricultural research is the first necessity to prove its valuable results. Therefore, this research was conducted with the purpose of evaluating the economic effects of the research activities, using the economic surplus analysis at the Kurdistan Agriculture and Natural Resources Research and Education Center(KANRRE), in 2021. The findings showed that investment in agricultural research increased the benefits and economic welfare of producers(farmers) and consumers of agricultural products and had positive effects on the development of the agricultural and rural sector of the province. The internal rate of return and the average benefit-cost ratio of the research activities have been evaluated as 50% and 1.7, respectively, at this research center. So, each 1 Rial invested in agricultural research has 1.7 Rials of economic benefits for those engaged in agricultural research, especially farmers as the main population of the rural communities of the province. As a result, this increase in benefits will have positive effects on the development process of the agricultural sector and rural communities. Therefore, it is suggested that the government provides the necessary platforms, taking into account its governance duties, by applying supportive policies, both from the perspective of allocating sufficient research credits and from the point of view of creating convergence among all economic policy makers of the country, to create the necessary belief in the fundamental and strategic role of agricultural research in economic and rural development
Rural Development
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to analysis of effective factors on decreasing of rural youth social alienation decreasing in the Ardabil County. The research method was analytical -explanative survey type. It can be said that studied population in this study consists of all youth living in rural ...
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The purpose of the present study was to analysis of effective factors on decreasing of rural youth social alienation decreasing in the Ardabil County. The research method was analytical -explanative survey type. It can be said that studied population in this study consists of all youth living in rural areas of Ardabil County in 2016 (N= 49297), among which 382 persons were selected as statistical sample using Cochran formula. Sample size was determined based on the Cochran’s formula and the required data were collected through questionnaires. Content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by professors and experts and its reliability was determined based on Cronbach's alpha (0.79-0.85). In order to analyze the data, factor analysis model was used and the results of this model showed the most important factor reduction of youth social alienation in studied region includes four components (reinforcement of social capital, reinforcement of psychological capital, reinforcement of cognitive capacities and religion believes and promotion of enjoinment and overcoming of happiness space and hope) that explained variance and the cumulative variance by the five factors 61.62.
Rural Development
Najmeh Jamali; Mohammad Reza Gharib; Fatemeh Semsar Kermani; Sajjad Nikkhah ChamanAbad
Abstract
A decentralization process is a technique to increasing employment in deprived and less developed areas that are emphasized in the first to fourth Iranian development plan. To accomplish this, they must have a proper and useful function for the growth of the surrounding settlements. Decentralization ...
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A decentralization process is a technique to increasing employment in deprived and less developed areas that are emphasized in the first to fourth Iranian development plan. To accomplish this, they must have a proper and useful function for the growth of the surrounding settlements. Decentralization from cities to rural areas provides the foundation for power distribution, which is a clear example of economic development in action. One of the issues that organizations have always faced is finding out how to maximize efficiency and use individuals' full potential to fulfill corporate goals. The goal of this paper is to examine the impact of oil firm employee empowerment on the economic structure from the perspective of villagers using an AHP modeling approach and empowerment criteria. In terms of purpose, the research is applied, and descriptive-survey data gathering is used. The study's statistical population consists of all Torbat Heydariyeh Oil Company personnel. To acquire research data, a standard empowerment questionnaire was employed. The k-s test and Cronbach's alpha were used to confirm the questionnaire, and the regression correlation coefficient method was employed for final validation. According to research, the most It has an effect on human resource empowerment in the criterion of empowerment of workplace index, in the criterion of the criticality of morale and belonging of the organization, in the criterion of the feasibility of morale and belonging of the organization, and finally in the criterion of interest and willingness to work, index of information, knowledge, and job skills.
Agri Eco.
Mohamad ebrahim Mohamadi masoudi; hasan afrakhte; hamid jalalian
Abstract
The silk industry has played an important role in encouraging investment in infrastructure, generating revenue for the government, and creating direct and indirect employment throughout the country. One of these strategies for sustainable rural development is the development and expansion of industries ...
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The silk industry has played an important role in encouraging investment in infrastructure, generating revenue for the government, and creating direct and indirect employment throughout the country. One of these strategies for sustainable rural development is the development and expansion of industries in rural areas. There are two types of silk weaving in Iran, industrial and traditional, the share of the traditional sector in this profession is more than 70%, which is currently a common occupation among the residents of this region in the villages of Natanz city in Isfahan province. Is. The present study is applied in terms of purpose and survey method. The time period is 1399. The statistical population of the study is 1050 Noghandans of Natanz city in ten villages of Noghan exploitation, which include 1050 households and the sample size is 320 questionnaires. In this study, we use factor analysis and Pearson test to evaluate the impact of Nogandra on rural economic development. The results showed that the most important effect and breeding of silkworm has been to move the agricultural system of the region towards the principles of sustainable economy and sustainable economy with a total 22.68 which is considered an environmental effect, followed by social effects 1). / 13 and most importantly, it has had an effect on the situation of rural women, and finally, some environmental areas 4.68 have been affected by this activity. However, the intensity of social influences has been much greater than other influences.
Rural Development
TOHID Alizadeh; Mohammad Mazlom khorasani; Aliakbar Majdi
Abstract
Industrialization plays a major role in the economic and social development of rural communities. In the process of industrial development, industrial estates is recognized as one of the strategies for development of rural communities. The aim of this study was to identify and evaluate the effects of ...
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Industrialization plays a major role in the economic and social development of rural communities. In the process of industrial development, industrial estates is recognized as one of the strategies for development of rural communities. The aim of this study was to identify and evaluate the effects of social and economic dimension of phase one and two industrial estates on rural areas in Urmia city. The research method is quasi-experimental which has been evaluated using a post-test design of two experimental and control groups. The statistical population includes village's adjacent to the industrial estates (Ghahramanlou Sofla, Ilyas Abad and Jarchilo) and non-adjacent areas of the industrial estate (Keshtiban, Miyavogh and Tazekend). The results showed that the two areas study, namely the villages adjacent to the industrial estates and the villages far from the industrial estates are different in terms of economic and social consequences. In terms of economic impacts, the average of adjacent villages (economic improvement (30/6), employment (13/5), job satisfaction (7)) was more than villages far from the estates (economic improvement (25.8), employment (10/8), job satisfaction (5/9). This difference was made significant by using the values of the t-test of two independent samples. In general, the average of this variable was evaluated in the villages adjacent to the town (51/1) and in the villages far from the town (42/6). The results also show the impact of the industrial estates on the dimensions of social consequences in the sense that, along with the decrease in migration and increase in the quality of life in the villages adjacent to the estate, enhancement of social harms is also observed in these villages.
Env
nazila jeshan shahriari; hamid Jalalian; Ahmad Haj Alizadeh; saeid nasire zare
Abstract
This study investigated the empowerment program of the local community of Ghale Ganj city in Kerman province on the empowerment of women in the villages of Sorkh Qale rural district. This research is used in terms of purpose and in terms of analytical-correlation method. The statistical population was ...
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This study investigated the empowerment program of the local community of Ghale Ganj city in Kerman province on the empowerment of women in the villages of Sorkh Qale rural district. This research is used in terms of purpose and in terms of analytical-correlation method. The statistical population was 975 rural women covered by this project in the Red Fort area. 138 samples were obtained based on Cochran's formula. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire whose validity was confirmed by experts and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Distribution and selection of samples were done based on their ratio and randomly. According to the results, the implementation of this plan in the dimension of personality has increased confidence, sense of independence, value and increased decision-making power in women, which in turn, their participation in council elections and management in their village in the social dimension has increased. Social credibility is the credibility of ideas and opinions in the family and society, as well as the proper upbringing of children in the family. But economically, the project has only created an entrepreneurial spirit among women and has not been successful in many economic variables. Therefore, creating conditions in the form of financing, creating appropriate credit and savings funds, and creating diversity in activities and educational programs among women to start economic activities, can lead to employment, savings and diversity in their economic activities. Be. Also, according to other research findings, there is a significant relationship between the variables of age, level of education and marital status of women with their empowerment.
Agri Eco.
Shahram Moghaddas Farimani; Mahdieh Sadat Mirtorabi; Seyyed Soheil Ghaemmaghami
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to identify the determinates factors of economic empowerment and effective factors on it of rural women in Zanjan province. The statistical population of the study consisted of all members of rural women's microfinance funds in the province of Znjan (N=636) that 154 of ...
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The purpose of this research was to identify the determinates factors of economic empowerment and effective factors on it of rural women in Zanjan province. The statistical population of the study consisted of all members of rural women's microfinance funds in the province of Znjan (N=636) that 154 of them were selected according to Cochran formula. This research was a survey and a researcher-made questionnaire was used to data collection. Reliability of the questionnaire by calculating Cranach's alpha (α= 0.96 & 0.86) and Validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by a panel of experts. The results of ranking the determinants of economic empowerment of rural women by exploratory factor analysis showed, participation in income generation activities, individual and intellectual ability in economic and financial affairs, participation in household economic decisions, assistance and support on economic issues and cost control over funds were able to explain 68.44% of the total variance. Also, according to the results of exploratory factor analysis the most important explanations for the economic empowerment of rural women in Zanjan province submitted in 5 factors included: Interact with the social environment, mental and financial empowerment, education and social communication, home and economic partnership and freedom and authority to act. These factors were able to explain 40.59% of the total variance.
Geography and plan
mohammad javad safaee; ali khodadadi; hadi niazi
Abstract
Urban areas, as places of service, have influenced the development of these spaces. Therefore, they must have a proper and effective performance in order to develop the settlements around them. Based on this premise, the present article while determining the performance of Noorabad city; It analyzes ...
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Urban areas, as places of service, have influenced the development of these spaces. Therefore, they must have a proper and effective performance in order to develop the settlements around them. Based on this premise, the present article while determining the performance of Noorabad city; It analyzes its impact on the economic development of the surrounding areas. This research from the perspective of the goal; Applied, and in terms of the nature of the descriptive method, it is considered analytical. Therefore, first, the basic economy of the region was measured by the spatial coefficient (LQ) method, then using MABAK analytical technique, the effect of the basic economy on the economic development of the villages of Pirahshahri was measured. Finally, by numerical taxonomy method, the level of economic development of the villages adjacent to Noorabad Delfan city was ranked according to the design method of the experts' questionnaire. The results indicate that the agricultural sector was considered as the dominant sector of the region's economy. In the study of economic indicators affecting the development of villages through MABAK, it was found that indicators such as; Achieving the second job with a weighted coefficient of 3.399 and changing jobs with a weighted coefficient of 3.193 are among the priorities of this method. This process is due to the fact that the economic development of the regions is at a low level. Finally, in the ranking made in the numerical taxonomic technique, it was determined that the villages of Khalifa-Abad (weight 0.107), Zaliabad (weight 0.152), Cheshmekhani (weight 0.212), respectively, in the rankings 1 to 3 and the rest of the villages are in the next ranks. Therefore, according to the obtained priorities, being on the main bumpy routes between Noorabad city and far and near towns and villages has caused the relative development of some areas, and the basic economy of this city has not played much role in the economic development of Piranshahr villages.
Geography and plan
shadi khoob; Aliakbar Anabestani
Abstract
Today, most people, especially in rural areas, are denied access to financial services such as microcredit, whether in the form of facilities or savings. This is if microcredit can boost entrepreneurial incentives among people who are thinking of starting a business in rural areas with potential, such ...
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Today, most people, especially in rural areas, are denied access to financial services such as microcredit, whether in the form of facilities or savings. This is if microcredit can boost entrepreneurial incentives among people who are thinking of starting a business in rural areas with potential, such as Radkan County. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to identify the barriers and limitations of using public micro-credit in the development of rural entrepreneurial activities in Radkan village. From the paradigm perspective, this research is considered as a qualitative research and has been carried out with a pathological approach and with the aim of exploration (obstacles and problems of using micro-government credits). In this study, the method of basic theory and the method of qualitative and semi-structured in-depth interviews have been used to collect information and data in 13 studied villages. Therefore, data collection was done first at the library level for theoretical review of the problem and then with unstructured and open interviews. The sample population consisted of 29 rural entrepreneurs from Radkan village and 68 rural people. The collected data were analyzed through content analysis and classified through open coding, central coding, and selective coding. Findings from the research have led to the extraction of the conceptual model of barriers and limitations to the use of microcredit for entrepreneurship. The findings showed that entrepreneurs and rural people due to obstacles and restrictions (economic, social and institutional-administrative) such as: insufficient loan amount, long process of obtaining loans, high interest rates and interest of banks, complexity of administrative and banking affairs and ... They stop taking loans.
Rural Development
Zoleikha Naderkhan; Skandar Seidaiy
Abstract
Creating industry in rural areas that have potential can be the best strategy for empowering rural areas. Industry is capable of developing rural areas through employment, income generation and welfare. Since the Angouran section has the largest lead and zinc mines in the Middle East, it has created ...
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Creating industry in rural areas that have potential can be the best strategy for empowering rural areas. Industry is capable of developing rural areas through employment, income generation and welfare. Since the Angouran section has the largest lead and zinc mines in the Middle East, it has created the necessary conditions for the establishment of several companies in the region which excavate and process these metal materials. These companies are big industries and have created a lot of employment opportunities in the region. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impacts of lead and zinc companies on the economic and social development of rural Angouran. To achieve this goal, descriptive-analytical method was used and the method of data collection was field work. The statistical population of the study is all of the rural heads of households in the Angouran region. The research tool is a questionnaire that consists of 300 questions and the data were analyzed using the SPSS software package. According to the results, these companies have a significant impact on increasing literacy, health and social welfare in the social dimension and increasing income and savings, creating new job opportunities and attracting urban capital in the economic dimensions of life. The negative consequences of these companies have been in the social dimension, i.e. decline of young people's interest in agriculture and decline of labor force in the agricultural sector. Its negative impacts in the economic dimension is increased consumerism of households and rising land prices.
Rural Development
Neda Baniasadi; Davoud Samari; Seyyed Jamal Farajollah Hosseini; Maryam Omidi Najafabadi
Abstract
One of the solutions for agricultural development is the creation of conversion and complementary industries with the aim of preventing crop waste in agricultural development and rural entrepreneurship. Considering that one of the problems currently faced by date conversion and complementary industries ...
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One of the solutions for agricultural development is the creation of conversion and complementary industries with the aim of preventing crop waste in agricultural development and rural entrepreneurship. Considering that one of the problems currently faced by date conversion and complementary industries in the Kerman province is the lack of innovation in these industries and the consequent lack of sufficient market share in the domestic and global markets has failed to contribute to employment and entrepreneurship for the region. For this purpose, the present study presents a focal strategy for development of conversion and complementary industries in the rural areas of Bam by using the SWOT method, survey and field studies. The results show that defense strategy (WT) is at the top of strategies in the development of conversion and complementary industries. Because of the region's high capacities, the threshold of innovation and creativity in the rural conversion sector needs to be revised and appropriate policies must be developed to address the constraints and use of existing rural and agricultural capabilities.
Rural Development
َArastoo yasri hesar
Abstract
This paper aims to survey of tourism relationship with social well-being of villagers in the Ardabil County. This study is descriptive - analytical in terms of research methods, practical in terms of nature and is a library and field kind of research in terms of the type of data collection. The tool ...
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This paper aims to survey of tourism relationship with social well-being of villagers in the Ardabil County. This study is descriptive - analytical in terms of research methods, practical in terms of nature and is a library and field kind of research in terms of the type of data collection. The tool used in measuring the questionnaire was made by the researcher. It can be said that studied population in this study consists of all villagers living in rural areas of Ardabil County in 2017 (N= 85053), among which 385 persons were selected as statistical sample using Cochran formula. Sample size was determined based on the Cochran’s formula and the required data were collected through questionnaires. Content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by professors and experts and its reliability was determined based on Cronbach's alpha (0.84-0.93). For data analysis, SPSS software was used. The results of research showed that there was a statistically significant positive relationship between social actualization, social acceptance, social contribution, and social cohesion and development of rural tourism. Finally, based on the results analysis, some applied recommendations have been provided.
Agri Eco.
Ali Rasoolian; Hosein Hakimpur
Abstract
One of the main problems of developing countries is that they rely heavily on income to export one or a limited number of goods. In order to reduce the dependence of Iran's economy on crude oil exports, the orientation of export policies should be shifted towards the export of non-oil goods. This will ...
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One of the main problems of developing countries is that they rely heavily on income to export one or a limited number of goods. In order to reduce the dependence of Iran's economy on crude oil exports, the orientation of export policies should be shifted towards the export of non-oil goods. This will not happen unless the existing opportunities in the export of various sectors are identified and these opportunities are operational zed through the growth of investment in this field. One of the key components affecting the development of exports and non-oil trade, especially in the agricultural sector and consequently rural development, attention to foreign direct investment and its short-term and long-term impact on trade prosperity and growth of rural development components. Be. This study aims to investigate the role of foreign investment in Khorasan Razavi province on the development of its foreign trade and also the impact of these two parameters on rural development of Khorasan Razavi province. Necessary statistics and information through the customs website of Iran and Khorasan Razavi province, the Central Bank and the Statistics Center of Iran and other library resources for the period 2013 to 2019 for 40 selected agricultural exporting companies selected by the exporters' union, as well as component analysis rural development was achieved. The results of estimating the panel pattern for panel data showed that foreign direct investment in the study period had a positive and significant role on trade in Khorasan Razavi province and subsequently had a positive and significant effect on rural development indicators.
Rural Development
Seyed reza hosseini kahnooj; Fatemeh narooei amiri
Abstract
Villages can play a key role in achieving the goals of a resilient economy through the absorption of a large portion of the country's resources, which requires addressing the challenges ahead. The purpose of this study was to identify and analyze the challenges facing the realization of resistive economy ...
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Villages can play a key role in achieving the goals of a resilient economy through the absorption of a large portion of the country's resources, which requires addressing the challenges ahead. The purpose of this study was to identify and analyze the challenges facing the realization of resistive economy in rural areas of Roodbarjanob descriptive-analytical method. The type of sampling in this study is stratified random. For this purpose, 7 villages with a population of over 100 and capable of agriculture (as the most important activity in the area) were selected from the settlements of this village as a total sample of 1119 According to Cochran's formula and calculating the 6% error, 167 people were selected as the sample. This process was implemented in 1396. Factor analysis was used to analyze the data and prioritize the challenges. At the end, the villages were ranked by using Prometheus software. The results showed that among the most important challenges in the realization of the resistive economy, the environmental hazard component has the highest impact factor. The results of Prometheus software showed that Aliabad and Abdul Abad villages were in the first priority with respect to the specified factor indices. Considering that these villages are the cradle of different economic talents, it is suggested to implement spinning, matting, poultry, livestock and bee projects, beeswax, various agricultural projects and medicinal plants cultivation. It could be a groundbreaking development for Brzeg in the countryside.
Rural Development
Enaiat Moshfeghnejadi; Afshin Hekmati assl
Abstract
Although it is important to improve all rural areas in the process of rural development, it is more important to pay attention to disadvantaged and less privileged areas in order to meet their basic needs and mitigate their differences. The first step in the process of planning and development of rural ...
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Although it is important to improve all rural areas in the process of rural development, it is more important to pay attention to disadvantaged and less privileged areas in order to meet their basic needs and mitigate their differences. The first step in the process of planning and development of rural areas is to identify the facilities and determine the extent to which the settlements have different development opportunities. The aim of this study is to analyze and rank the levels of development and recognition of the most favored and deprived villages in Boyer Ahmad County. This is an applied study based on its purpose and descriptive-analytical based on the nature and method. The statistical population of the study is the districts of Boyerahmad County. In order to evaluate and rank the development levels of the villages, 38 indices were adjusted based on data from villages in 2016. These variables were weighted using Shannon entropy method and Topsis technique was used for data analysis. The results show that rural areas are at different levels in terms of development indicators. One district is in the relatively developed class, 3 districts are in the developing class, and the other 5 are in the relatively deprived class. In order to improve the status of rural development, it was suggested that in order to achieve balance in rural areas of the city, the attention goes to a decentralization policy in rural servicing.
Agricultural Extension and Education
Roghayeh Yazdani; masoud kheyrandish; Mohsen Mohammadi Khayareh; Hady Aminy
Abstract
Rural development is one of the most important discussions in every community, especially in developing societies. Considering the importance of rural development and its relationship with rural entrepreneurship, the present study aimed to investigate the innovation index and its impact on rural development ...
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Rural development is one of the most important discussions in every community, especially in developing societies. Considering the importance of rural development and its relationship with rural entrepreneurship, the present study aimed to investigate the innovation index and its impact on rural development with an emphasis on the role of mediator of rural entrepreneurship in North Khorasan province. In this study, a questionnaire was distributed among entrepreneurs in the agricultural sector of North Khorasan Province to analyze the data using a Delphi method. According to the provincial agricultural Jihad Department, 42 entrepreneurs are active in the agricultural sector of the province, of which only 30 were available for the sample. For analyzing the data, SPSS software was used to test the hypotheses and the Bootstrapping method was used to analyze the mediating variable. The results of the research indicate that there is a direct relationship between rural innovation and rural development. Also, rural entrepreneurship, which has been considered as an intermediary variable, has been effective in rural development.
Geography and plan
Vakil Heidari Sarban; sohyla bakhtar; Abdolreza khoshraftar
Abstract
Nowadays, security is considered as the most important principle in developing a strategy for tourism development in the world. Security and tourism are parameters of an equation that have a direct relationship with one another. The purpose of this study is to investigate and evaluate the impact of social ...
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Nowadays, security is considered as the most important principle in developing a strategy for tourism development in the world. Security and tourism are parameters of an equation that have a direct relationship with one another. The purpose of this study is to investigate and evaluate the impact of social security on the development of tourism in the village of Sarab Harsam that is located on West Islamabad. Inhabitants of Sarab-e- Harsam's village with a population of 473 people are the statistical community According to the Cochran formula the sample size was 112. The indicators were designed for preparing the questionnaire were health security, safety and financial security, communications security and tourism development in the form of 43 variables. The formal validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by a panel of experts. The study was conducted in the same area with the population of 30 and the questionnaire and the data were analyzed using the special formula of Cronbach’s alpha in the SPSS software. The reliability of the questionnaire was 0.82. To analyze the data, the SPSS20 software was used. The results of the analysis of data indicated among social security indicators, the Health security index has the greatest impact on tourism development and the communications security index has had the least impact. And in general, social security has been able to promote tourism in the village.
Agricultural Extension and Education
Hamid Rastegari; Zakaria Mohammadi Tamari; Maryam Sharifzadeh
Abstract
Nowadays, expanding entrepreneurship culture which depends on nurturing skills, abilities and entrepreneurial capabilities in societies and providing appropriate ethical business setting is regarded as one of the main factors for the economic development of societies. Thus, identifying entrepreneurial ...
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Nowadays, expanding entrepreneurship culture which depends on nurturing skills, abilities and entrepreneurial capabilities in societies and providing appropriate ethical business setting is regarded as one of the main factors for the economic development of societies. Thus, identifying entrepreneurial traits, skills, and abilities and particularly rural entrepreneurial competencies can be of great help to advance this issue. Therefore, the main objective of the present descriptive study is to identify and prioritize rural entrepreneurship skills. Key informants who participated in this research study were seven academic rural development experts who were selected based on Judgement (or Purposive) sampling to achieve theoretical saturation. The archival research technique was used to elicit and specify rural entrepreneurial skills, and then the structured protocols were used to collect information regarding the importance of the elicited skills. Data processing was done using the Artificial Neural Network technique in the MATLAB software. The results showed that social relationships, marketing and customer management skills, strategic planning, business startup and administration, and risk management ranked first to fifth, respectively. Among the five categories of entrepreneurship skills, “opportunity skills” and “management skills” ranked first and last, respectively. Some suggestions are provided in order to develop rural entrepreneurial skills based on the results obtained in this research study.
Geography and plan
Ehsan Taghizadeh Tousi; Mohammad Rasti; Al Gholam Veloujerdi; Malek Omidi
Abstract
In this study, the potential of using wind power in Torbat Heydarieh and the surrounding villages was evaluated, and the necessity of creating a windbreak in the rural areas of this city has been investigated. Due to the existence of wind power site in Neyshabour, the potential of wind power in Torbat ...
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In this study, the potential of using wind power in Torbat Heydarieh and the surrounding villages was evaluated, and the necessity of creating a windbreak in the rural areas of this city has been investigated. Due to the existence of wind power site in Neyshabour, the potential of wind power in Torbat Heydarieh and its surrounding villages has been investigated by comparing wind speed between Torbat Heydarieh and Neyshabour. Therefore, the wind velocity graphs between Torbat Heydarieh and Neyshabour during 11 years were drawn to analyze the wind speed (as the wind power), which have shown the comparison. Moreover, the necessity of building a wind power unit in the villages around Torbat Heydarieh and its direct and indirect effects on sustainable development of the village were analyzed. The wind speeds were compared in the two cities by using the point – line data of the Meteorological Organization. Each point represents the average of monthly data, and each line represents the daily change in wind speed. Data was taken in eight hours during a day. By analyzing the wind velocity at 32120 consecutive times, it was found that: The means wind speed in the Torbat Heydarieh during the last 11 years (2006 to 2016) are always greater than the maximum wind speed in Neyshabour. Therefore, the results of this study indicate that the Torbat Heydarieh, especially the villages on its outskirts, has the potential to build a power plant for using wind power.
Agricultural Extension and Education
Ehsan Masoomi; Dariush Hayati
Abstract
Non-farm economy is one of the newly presented concepts in rural development literature. Numerous studies have reviewed evidence and theories towards improving the concept of rural non-farm economy. However, there is not enough empirical studies in this field, especially in the developing countries. ...
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Non-farm economy is one of the newly presented concepts in rural development literature. Numerous studies have reviewed evidence and theories towards improving the concept of rural non-farm economy. However, there is not enough empirical studies in this field, especially in the developing countries. The aim of this study is to investigate factors affecting multiplicity of rural non-farm activities in the Kavar Township in the Fars province. Archival research was carried out for conducting this study as research method. Totally, 225 active rural households in various non-farm activities were selected using simple random sampling. The results showed that gender, annual household farm income, and the number of migrated members of household have a positive and significant effect on the dependent variable. The effect of benefiting from government loans on the number of non-farm activities was negative and significant. The prominent role of women in non-farm activities represents the importance of social and cultural dimensions of such activities. The results revealed that multiplicity of non-farm activities is not dependent on education. Therefore, it is not necessary to focus on education in development of rural non-farm activities. Some applicable recommendations have been presented at the end of the manuscript based on the research results.
Agricultural Extension and Education
Vakil Heidari Sarban; Sohila Bakhtar
Abstract
Abstract: The present study is aimed to investigate the role of rural production cooperatives in promoting psychological empowerment of wheat farmers who are members in the production cooperatives in the city of west Islamabad. This study is practical in terms of purpose, and its entity is descriptive- ...
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Abstract: The present study is aimed to investigate the role of rural production cooperatives in promoting psychological empowerment of wheat farmers who are members in the production cooperatives in the city of west Islamabad. This study is practical in terms of purpose, and its entity is descriptive- analytical. The study population consisted of 1137 farmers which are member of the rural cooperatives in 11 villages of west Islamabad. The sample size is estimated to be 170 on the basis of Cochran formula. In order to compare the results, 170 wheat farmers who were not member in rural cooperatives were selected from the same villages. The method of data gathering is survey and the tool used in the study is a questionnaire. To determine the questions for the questionnaire, five indicators of psychological empowerment were used in the form of 35 items (i.e. self-determination, competence, worth, effectiveness and trust). The formal validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by a panel of experts. The study was conducted in the same area with the population of 30 and the questionnaire and the data were analyzed using the special formula of Cronbach’s alpha in the SPSS software. The reliability of the questionnaire was 0.84. According to the results of data analysis, it was shown that, among the five indicators of psychological empowerment in this study and considering the average differences between the two groups of members and non-members, it was said that there is a positive and significant relationship between membership in the production cooperatives and psychological empowerment of wheat farmers. Thus, the average of the members is 4.35 and the average of non-member wheat farmers is 3.61. The results of independent t test indicate a significant difference between the two groups. It was found that rural production cooperatives are effective tools for psychological empowerment of wheat farmers and rural development. Membership in this cooperatives provides the necessary context for the initiative, competence and intellectual personality of the members.
Geography and plan
Shapour Zarifian; Somaye latifi
Abstract
The present study aimed to determine and spatial analysis of rural development level in rural districts of Hamedan province by using MCDM techniques. To assess the development level of rural districts, 53 indexes were defined in eight groups: demographic, infrastructure, education, health, communication, ...
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The present study aimed to determine and spatial analysis of rural development level in rural districts of Hamedan province by using MCDM techniques. To assess the development level of rural districts, 53 indexes were defined in eight groups: demographic, infrastructure, education, health, communication, services, administrative and economic. The weight of indexes was determined using AHP, entropy methods and combining the results of these two methods. Then, the development levels of the rural districts were determined through such techniques as TOPSIS, SAW and numerical taxonomy. The final ranking of rural districts was undertaken by integration of the results of these techniques using mean ranking, Borda and Copeland methods. The rural districts were ranked according to the final results and were classified using GIS software. According to the attained results, Mohajeran, Alvand Koh gharbi and Green were ranked as the most developed rural areas and additionally, Gian, Komazan Sofla and Goltapeh were ranked as the most underdeveloped rural areas in Hamedan province. The rural districts of Hamedan province are very different from each other and there exist many inequalities in them in terms of development level and also, the distribution of facilities and services have not been performed across the rural districts according to spatial justice in such a manner that most of the underdeveloped rural districts are located far away from the city centers of townships and the capital of Hamedan and do not enjoy the benefits of development.
Agricultural Extension and Education
Bahman Khosravipour; Soheila Pourjavid
Abstract
Entrepreneurship is a process that plays a critical role in the continued growth and national development plays. Its importance to the point that economists, entrepreneurs are the engine of economic growth and development. Promote women's entrepreneurial activities, effective stimulus to growth and economic ...
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Entrepreneurship is a process that plays a critical role in the continued growth and national development plays. Its importance to the point that economists, entrepreneurs are the engine of economic growth and development. Promote women's entrepreneurial activities, effective stimulus to growth and economic development and improve the quality of their life is. The aim of this study was to identify factors affecting the development of entrepreneurship in small businesses (SME) Rural Women Islamabad city was using the techniques of content analysis. This form of qualitative research is done with the participation of 48 entrepreneurship Rural Women Islamabad city. Information is collected through interviews with women entrepreneurs, and Content analysis was used to analyze the data. The content analysis showed that, personal factors, environmental factors, Socio-cultural factors, motivational factors, Education and extension, Policy factors and management factors, the general factors that are influencing the entrepreneurship in small businesses (SME) Rural. Therefore, with regard to the results of the analysis has been done to increase slightly the number of entrepreneurs in rural, Quality improvement category entrepreneurship in rural small businesses (SME) and the culture of entrepreneurship And self-employed in rural communities, especially among rural women whose arms are capable of rural activities, Policy to encourage and support small businesses (SME) Rural women are recommended by the government. Therefore Regarding the variables of each of these components and strengthen them can Motivate women in rural areas and development of the business in the village.
