Original Research
Geography and plan
zahra kamali; Maryam Ghasemi
Abstract
AIn Iran, the risk of annual floods causes great damage to the villagers of the affected areas, especially in the housing sector. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to physical resilience due to the high vulnerability of rural housing in the face of floods. Based on this, the present study has ...
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AIn Iran, the risk of annual floods causes great damage to the villagers of the affected areas, especially in the housing sector. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to physical resilience due to the high vulnerability of rural housing in the face of floods. Based on this, the present study has investigated the optimal strategies for physical resilience of rural housing in the face of floods. The research method is descriptive-analytical based on documentary studies and field survey After initial exploratory studies, 9 villages in Dargaz city that were most vulnerable to floods were selected as a sample.data analysis was performed using two strategic planning instruments (SWOT-QSPM(. Due to the expertise of these two tools, the research questionnaire was completed with the help of 25 rural experts (Dehyar and members of the village Islamic council). Based on initial exploratory studies, 14 strengths and opportunities were identified as advantages and 18 weaknesses and threats as constraints on the physical resilience of rural housing in the face of floods. According to the final score IFE = 2.46 And EFE=2.41 "Defensive strategies" or at least - at least as focal strategies were selected to increase the physical resilience of rural housing. The overall goal of defensive strategies, or "survival strategies," is to reduce system weaknesses to reduce and neutralize threats. Based on the analysis performed in the QSPM matrix, among the defensive strategies of "Increasing residents' knowledge and awareness of the principles of standard construction in flood-prone areas", it has obtained the highest score of 2.637 and was selected as the first strategy.
Original Research
Rural Development
fatemeh kazemiyeh; Asma Eidi; Sadegh Esmaili
Abstract
The formation and expansion of rural cooperative companies is one of the most important policies and strategies for the development of the agricultural sector and the rural society of Iran in the last half century. Therefore, considering the role that rural cooperative companies can have in this regard, ...
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The formation and expansion of rural cooperative companies is one of the most important policies and strategies for the development of the agricultural sector and the rural society of Iran in the last half century. Therefore, considering the role that rural cooperative companies can have in this regard, the present research was conducted with the aim of identifying the barriers to the development of rural cooperative companies in Urmia city. This research is applied in terms of purpose and analytical-exploratory in terms of methodology and has a qualitative-quantitative approach. The statistical population consisted of two groups. The first group was experts and experts in rural cooperative affairs, which was conducted with 15 people using a targeted sampling method. The second group of managers and members of the board of directors of rural cooperative companies in Urmia city in 2021 were 120 people, and due to the limited statistical population, the census method was used to collect information. Collecting and collecting data and information was done in the form of documents and field. Data analysis was done using exploratory factor analysis technique and with the help of Spss22 software. The results of the research showed that the barriers to the development of rural cooperative companies in Urmia city were classified in the form of seven social-cultural factors, structural, economic, managerial, political, organizational-supportive and service characteristics, and the first factor is called cultural. - Social and by explaining 11.41% of the variance changes, it was introduced as the most important factor, which is the low professional knowledge of the cooperative members, the differences in the amount of members and cooperative elements, the low spirit of responsibility among the cooperative members, including The variables located in this factor were Based on the obtained results, the problems summarized in seven factors explained about 62% of the total variance changes. According to the results of the research, it is suggested to raise the awareness of the members through holding empowerment workshops regarding the nature and function of cooperatives, principled and realistic planning based on the needs of cooperatives .
Original Research
Rural Development
Amir Ahmadi; Mohammad Badsar; Heydar Gholizadeh; Roya Karami
Abstract
Lack of food diversity as the most important aspect of household access to food is a major challenge for rural communities. The main purpose of this study is to assess the food security status of rural households in the study area using the food diversity index and determine the main factors affecting ...
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Lack of food diversity as the most important aspect of household access to food is a major challenge for rural communities. The main purpose of this study is to assess the food security status of rural households in the study area using the food diversity index and determine the main factors affecting the household diet. This cross-sectional research is one of the applied researches that has been compiled by a descriptive-analytical method. The main tool for data collection is a combination of a standard questionnaire calculating the score of food diversity in terms of counting food groups consumed by the household in the reference period of 24 hours before the interview and a researcher-made questionnaire. The statistical population includes all rural households in West Azerbaijan province. 482 households were selected as a statistical sample by cluster sampling in several stages using Cochran's formula. The results showed that the main food groups consumed by rural households in West Azerbaijan province are cereals with% 57.9, root and tuberous plants with% 56.4 and legumes with% 49.8.Also, in terms of food diversity classification of rural households, %58.1 were in the category of moderate food diversity. Analysis of hypothetical relationships based on standard values obtained from Maximum Likelihood Estimates and Bayesian maximal estimation methods in Amos software showed that the variables of livestock ownership, education level, household size, and annual income, in general, explain% 85 of the changes in food variability dependent variables. It is suggested to diversify the sources of income and at the same time improve the level of education of the head of the household, which leads to increasing nutritional knowledge and leading the diet towards choosing and consuming healthier and more varied products in the diet of rural households
Original Research
Rural Development
Jalal Yavari; Zahra Athari
Abstract
Attention to food security in Iran has always been one of the main goals of rural and agricultural development programs. In this regard, rural households, which are the main suppliers of the country's food, should have proper access to the desired food, while this issue has always faced many challenges. ...
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Attention to food security in Iran has always been one of the main goals of rural and agricultural development programs. In this regard, rural households, which are the main suppliers of the country's food, should have proper access to the desired food, while this issue has always faced many challenges. Therefore, the purpose of this study, which was conducted in the year 2021 with a qualitative method, was to analyze the challenges of food security in rural households. The study population was the heads of rural households in Haft Ashian District from Kermanshah Township (N=375). The main tool of data collection was in-depth interviews with key informants who were studied through purposeful sampling and snowball method (n=35). Analysis of data collected by content analysis method using MAX-QDA12 software led to the identification 44 concepts in the form of 4 main categories. Based on this, the basic challenges of food security in the study area in order of importance include: financial and credit challenges (frequency: 212), weak management and legislation (frequency: 190), socio-cultural challenges (frequency: 183) and the complexity of the nature of agriculture and environmental conditions (frequency: 181). Therefore, improving the income rural households will have important and significant effects on the improvement of food security, and the emphasis and attention of the authorities on financial and credit challenges can be very useful.
Original Research
Rural Development
Yousef Darvishi; mahdi sadeghiha; Hassan Vahdani charzekhon
Abstract
The physical-spatial system, as one of the subsystems of the rural area, changes under the influence of a number of internal factors and its external environment. Among the external environmental factors, cities and the nature of their spatial interaction with rural areas are one of the most important ...
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The physical-spatial system, as one of the subsystems of the rural area, changes under the influence of a number of internal factors and its external environment. Among the external environmental factors, cities and the nature of their spatial interaction with rural areas are one of the most important factors that influence the development of the village and especially the physical-spatial system. Accordingly, the aim of this study is to investigate the physical-spatial changes in the villages on the outskirts of Kalaleh. The research method is descriptive and analytical. In this study, based on the research objectives, the study of land use changes in the study area was conducted using Landsat satellite images (4, 5 and 8) for 2000 and 2020. The used false color images of OLI sensor were referred to the panchromatic band with 20 ground control points and considering the corresponding RMSe (0.28) of the ground. Then, the images of the sensors MSS and TM were referenced by the image-to-image method with RMSe less than 0.5 soil. In this study, supervised classification and maximum similarity algorithm were used to monitor land cover changes. The results of the land use change detection method and the study of the growth of villages in the outskirts of Kalaleh during these years show that the physical development of these villages, especially around Kalaleh city, is growing according to the needs of the population and consequently the process of conversion of agricultural land. And a village on the outskirts of the city was associated with an upward trend. Although the capital and labor in the region dominate and have a relative superiority over the area, there is a reciprocal relationship with the surrounding rural areas. In other words, the city of Kalaleh, by providing livelihood services and facilities to the villages within its sphere of influence, as well as purchasing products produced by the villagers and creating the conditions for the growth and dynamism of the villages, brought about physical-spatial changes in these villages.
Original Research
Rural Development
fatemeh sogandi
Abstract
The tourism industry is the largest industry in the world and all countries is considered an essential tool for the development of economic activities in different fields. The development of this industry, especially in rural tourism, can help the development of local businesses. The general purpose ...
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The tourism industry is the largest industry in the world and all countries is considered an essential tool for the development of economic activities in different fields. The development of this industry, especially in rural tourism, can help the development of local businesses. The general purpose of this study is to analyze the factors affecting the development of rural tourism, especially during the Corona period from the perspective of the residents of Bozhan village in Neishabour. This research is descriptive and analytical. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire were obtained through factor analysis and Cronbach's alpha. In this regard, a questionnaire was provided to the villagers based on Cochranin which the sample size was 294 people. Sample selection from local people is done by a simple random sampling method. Research objectives are performed by descriptive statistics and then an exploratory factor analysis technique, multiple regression and t-test. In this regard, the collected data are analyzed using Excel and SPPS software. The statistical results show that the factors of village attractions, village infrastructure, and villagers’ attitude, and economic level, social, managerial and environmental level are the factors that affect the development of tourism in Bozhan village and have a direct relationship with it. But coronavirus has the highest percentage of variance in the factors affecting tourism development with an inverse relationship with the dependent variable. Finally, some suggestions are mentioned based on the analyzing data for the development of rural tourism in this region during the Corona period.
Original Research
Agri Eco.
Mashaallah salarpoor; Mojtaba Okati
Abstract
Medicinal plants have been great importance throughout human life. Because the variety of medicinal plants in Iran is huge, exporting these types of plants can be a great deal for Iran. In this study, according to data from 1997 to 2020 in FAO, four types of herbs, fennel, anise, badian, and coriander ...
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Medicinal plants have been great importance throughout human life. Because the variety of medicinal plants in Iran is huge, exporting these types of plants can be a great deal for Iran. In this study, according to data from 1997 to 2020 in FAO, four types of herbs, fennel, anise, badian, and coriander were used to cluster the target export markets (the top 20 countries). These 20 countries were selected based on market share indicators, market size, market growth, export continuity, market structure, competitive advantage and export price, then clustered using k-means clustering technique and SPSS software. The results showed that Iran's export target markets should be divided into four clusters based on export price priority. Pakistan, UAE and Ukraine in one cluster (first cluster), Peru, India, China, Bangladesh, Bahrain, Turkey, Qatar and Kuwait in one cluster (second cluster), Japan and Korea in third cluster and Singapore, UK, Colombia, Malaysia, Spain, Belgium, Germany and Russia are in the fourth cluster. Therefore, it is suggested to increase exports to the countries in the first cluster. On the other hand, it is possible to export more to countries around Iran at a lower price. Because the countries of the fourth cluster are new markets for Iranian medicinal plants, more currency can be earned by exporting to these countries. It is also suggested that the government pay more attention to the export of medicinal plants that have a high global demand.
Original Research
Rural Development
Hossein Heidari; Ahmad Shakiba; Karaim Vosoughi Niri; ahmad hajalizadeh
Abstract
The concern of rural development and the empowerment of rural communities is one of the most important issues of underdeveloped communities in the world today. Before this, it was believed that these communities can be saved from poverty and backwardness with some interventions and by preparing comprehensive ...
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The concern of rural development and the empowerment of rural communities is one of the most important issues of underdeveloped communities in the world today. Before this, it was believed that these communities can be saved from poverty and backwardness with some interventions and by preparing comprehensive plans and in an orderly manner and provide a sustainable livelihood for the rural residents; But today, it is clear that the inner power and capacity of rural communities is involved more than anything else in the possibility of realizing development and creating a sustainable livelihood. This article tries to classify the capacity and development potential of the villages of Malekshahi city based on socio-economic indicators. The research method is the survey and statistical population of households in the villages of Malekshahi city. The sample size is 580 samples determined by Cochran's formula. The sampling method is matched sampling and random selection of samples. The findings showed that the villages of Malekshahi have a much better situation in terms of social indicators such as cohesion, participation, trust, skill and education compared to economic indicators such as employment, access to credits, income and institutional structures. The results showed that in order to implement the empowerment program and provide sustainable livelihood, in addition to benefiting from the local social and human capital, it is necessary to take advantage of removing obstacles to access to financial credits and putting small and surplus funds into the cycle of rural communities.
Original Research
Rural Development
Fahimifard Fahimifard; Bahman Bazgir
Abstract
In this research transfer and distribution risks of natural gas to rural regions were assessed, evaluated and prioritized, then solutions of their hedging were provided with the case study of Hormozgan province gas company (HPGC). In order to data gathering, designed questionnaires were distributed between ...
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In this research transfer and distribution risks of natural gas to rural regions were assessed, evaluated and prioritized, then solutions of their hedging were provided with the case study of Hormozgan province gas company (HPGC). In order to data gathering, designed questionnaires were distributed between determined sample (using snowball sampling) of expert of gas industry especially in Hormozgan province and 17 questionnaires completed and received. Also, in order to data analyzing, the Delphi technique, analytical hierarchy process (AHP), DEMATEL technique and analytical network process (ANP) were applied. Results indicated that totally there are 31 risks in 5 main criteria in natural gas transfer and distribution to rural regions and except "change in domestic investment rules" and "change in technology" which are in yellow (precaution) district, whole assessed risks are in red (risk) district. Also, between main risk criteria of natural gas transfer and distribution to rural regions, respectively, "Managerial/organizational", "Economic", "Legal and political", "Environmental" and "Technical", are prior. In addition, between risk sub-criteria: "non-adequacy of professional employees", "liquidity lack", "HSE inefficiency", "budget absorption", "managers' unsuitable performance and decisions", "price fluctuations", "economic sanctions", "inefficient scheduling", "fatal events" and "exchange rate fluctuations", are prior. Finally solutions of hedging natural gas transfer and distribution to rural regions by HPGC based on their priority were provided.
Original Research
Geography and plan
Mahboobeh Naseri
Abstract
Pistacia vera is one of the important economic crops of Iran and the world. Climate is considered as the main limitation in plant expansion. In this regard, CLIMEX is one of the most advanced software for predicting the range of distribution of plant species. CLIMEX software was used to study the distribution ...
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Pistacia vera is one of the important economic crops of Iran and the world. Climate is considered as the main limitation in plant expansion. In this regard, CLIMEX is one of the most advanced software for predicting the range of distribution of plant species. CLIMEX software was used to study the distribution of Pistacia vera for present and possible future climate condition.There are three groups of geographically restrictive variables for each species in this software: Growth indices, Stress indices, Limiting conditions. Potential distribution maps were prepared for the different continents for current and future climate situations. According to the results, Pistacia vera have the potential to be cultivated in countries such as Iran, parts of East China, Central Asia, the Republic of Azerbaijan, Georgia, Armenia, parts of southwestern Russia, Ukraine, Turkey and the United States. According to Climax maps, parts of China, Turkey, the United States, and parts of Eastern Europe will be prone to Pistacia vera cultivation with climate change. In Iran, it was predicted that the climate change of cultivation and expansion of this crop will be limited in the southern parts of Khorasan and Kerman provinces and on the other hand, western and northwestern regions in Iran will be prone to cultivation and expansion of this crop.The results of this study can be an effective aid in identifying areas prone to Pistacia vera cultivation and its management in the context of climate change for agricultural sector.
Original Research
Rural Development
Ali Bahrami
Abstract
Agricultural development is one of the most critical strategies approaches in rural communities and agricultural development. However, the effectiveness of the strategy has been questioned by some macroeconomic policy makers and social groups. Therefore, Evaluating the socio-economic effects of agricultural ...
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Agricultural development is one of the most critical strategies approaches in rural communities and agricultural development. However, the effectiveness of the strategy has been questioned by some macroeconomic policy makers and social groups. Therefore, Evaluating the socio-economic effects of agricultural research is the first necessity to prove its valuable results. Therefore, this research was conducted with the purpose of evaluating the economic effects of the research activities, using the economic surplus analysis at the Kurdistan Agriculture and Natural Resources Research and Education Center(KANRRE), in 2021. The findings showed that investment in agricultural research increased the benefits and economic welfare of producers(farmers) and consumers of agricultural products and had positive effects on the development of the agricultural and rural sector of the province. The internal rate of return and the average benefit-cost ratio of the research activities have been evaluated as 50% and 1.7, respectively, at this research center. So, each 1 Rial invested in agricultural research has 1.7 Rials of economic benefits for those engaged in agricultural research, especially farmers as the main population of the rural communities of the province. As a result, this increase in benefits will have positive effects on the development process of the agricultural sector and rural communities. Therefore, it is suggested that the government provides the necessary platforms, taking into account its governance duties, by applying supportive policies, both from the perspective of allocating sufficient research credits and from the point of view of creating convergence among all economic policy makers of the country, to create the necessary belief in the fundamental and strategic role of agricultural research in economic and rural development
Original Research
Rural Development
Jassem golabifar; Ali Akbar Barati; khalil kalantari
Abstract
Access to food is one of the most important components of food security, which plays an important role in food security. Access to food has three main components including physical, economics and stability. The present study investigated the access of rural households to food in Shavoor village. The ...
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Access to food is one of the most important components of food security, which plays an important role in food security. Access to food has three main components including physical, economics and stability. The present study investigated the access of rural households to food in Shavoor village. The statistical population of the study consisted of all rural households in this district (N = 2624). The sample size of 300 households was determined based on stratified sampling method with proportional assignment. The data collection tool was a questionnaire. To measure access to food, based on the UN MPI, a standard index was developed whose value was between zero and one. This method was a methodological innovation of the study. Findings showed that about 23% of rural households have a good access to food. Among three main components, economic ans stability access have had the more contribution in access to food index. Disability to food supply resources and centers, lack of self-production and severe fluctuations in food prices are the most important causes for reducing the rural households access to food. Accordingly, it was suggested that improvement of ICT infrastructures will provide better condition to access of rural community to food. Promoting a culture of self-production and saving is another suggestion to improve the resilience of rural households to food price fluctuations.
Original Research
Geography and plan
Aliakbar Anabestani; Mahdi Javanshiri
Abstract
The use of digital technology has influenced the formation of the creative village as a new approach in using the existing capabilities and reviving the capacities of the village. The present study was conducted to analyze the impact of digital technology on the infrastructure of the creative village ...
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The use of digital technology has influenced the formation of the creative village as a new approach in using the existing capabilities and reviving the capacities of the village. The present study was conducted to analyze the impact of digital technology on the infrastructure of the creative village of suburban settlements in Mashhad. Research Method In the present study, descriptive-analytical and its type are fundamental in terms of purpose and documentary and field methods have been used to collect information. The statistical population of the present study includes 8 villages around the metropolis of Mashhad, which have a rural ICT office, a population of over 1000 households and are located near the city of Mashhad. According to the total number of households in the sample community (N 20813 households) and with 0.07% error in Cochran's formula, the sample size was calculated equal to 194 households that were selected from the rural community by systematic random method. Spatial analysis of the main variables was performed using FGRA and MABAC models that the villages of Gorji Sofla, Hosseinabad Gharghi and Dehroud have the highest, and the villages of Kal Zarkesh and Chahar Borj have the lowest level of use of digital technology services (RICT) and creative village infrastructure. In order to investigate the effect of digital technology (RICT) on "creative rural infrastructure", while confirming the positive correlation and significance of these two variables with Pearson correlation test, the results of structural equation modeling with partial least squares technique (PLS) show that the dimension "Awareness of RICT services" considering the direct and indirect effects, with a coefficient of 0.755, had a greater impact on the infrastructure of the creative village in the sample settlements. In general, according to the value of the coefficient of determination (R2) for the variable of creative rural infrastructure (0.969), it was determined that the impact of rural digital technology (RICT) on creative rural infrastructure is strong.
Original Research
Rural Development
Sara Ranjbar; Hossein Mehdizadeh; Nematollah Shiri
Abstract
This study aimed to identify the effects of olive cultivation on sustainable rural development (SRD) in the city of Rijab, located in Dalahu County, Kermanshah Province, Iran. The study population in the qualitative part included the outstanding and leading farmers, the experts of the Agricultural Jihad ...
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This study aimed to identify the effects of olive cultivation on sustainable rural development (SRD) in the city of Rijab, located in Dalahu County, Kermanshah Province, Iran. The study population in the qualitative part included the outstanding and leading farmers, the experts of the Agricultural Jihad Organization, and the specialists in the research subject in the city of Rijab. These study samples were thus selected purposively, via the snowball sampling technique. The statistical population of the study in the quantitative part was comprised of 370 olive farmers in the city of Rijab and seven affiliated villages (in 2021 year), that 209 of thom selected using proportional stratified random sampling (based on the size of each village). The data collection tool in the qualitative part was individual semi-structured interviews along with group discussions. In the quantitative part, a questionnaire was administered for data collection. Directed content analysis was further utilized to identify the effects and consequences of olive cultivation on SRD in the city of Rijab. Then, statistical methods and confirmatory factor analysis, based on the SPSS and PLS software packages, were employed to prioritize the given effects and consequences. The study findings identified the effects of olive cultivation on SRD in three main factors, viz. social, economic, and environmental. Moreover, a total of 17 strategies were established for developing olive cultivation in the rural areas of the city of Rijab. Other findings demonstrated that (1) increasing tendency to remain in the agricultural sector; (2) improving social welfare among farmers' households; and (3) augmenting the value and status of agribusinesses were among the most important social effects of olive cultivation on SRD. Besides, (1) achieving stable, permanent income; (2) boosting seasonal employment rates among indigenous people, and (3) improving the value of agricultural lands in the region, were the major economic effects of olive cultivation on SRD. Finally, the study results indicated that (1) preventing water and wind erosion in agricultural lands, (2) managing soil salinity, and (3) improving the climate in the region were the most significant environmental effects of olive cultivation on SRD.
Original Research
Rural Development
Ebrahim ghaed; Mohammadtaher Ahmadi Shadmehri; Habib Shirafkan lamso; Haniye Hossainzadeh
Abstract
The rural areas of Iran are known as the most important hubs for the production of agricultural products. Considering that income distribution has an effect on the level of poverty and economic well-being of rural people, knowing the factors affecting how income is distributed in the rural areas of the ...
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The rural areas of Iran are known as the most important hubs for the production of agricultural products. Considering that income distribution has an effect on the level of poverty and economic well-being of rural people, knowing the factors affecting how income is distributed in the rural areas of the country will be necessary to develop poverty alleviation policies.Identifying these factors will pave the way for appropriate measures in the first place to improve the pattern of rural income distribution and in the second place to reduce rural poverty in Iran.The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of trade liberalization and the quality of human resources on the Gini coefficient in rural areas of Iran for the period of 1971-2020. For this analysis, Vector Autoregressive Model, Johansson-Juselius method Engel-Granger method and Vector Error Correction Model are used.The findings of the research based on The coefficient of the error correction method indicates that about 0.61 of the short-term imbalance is adjusted in each period to achieve the long-term equilibrium, and it can be said that in the long-term, a one percent increase in the variables The quality of human resources (literacy rate of farmers) and the relative income of agriculture causes a decrease of 2.78 and 2.03 percent in the inequality of income distribution, respectively, and a one percent increase in the economic growth variables of the agricultural sector, the government's construction expenditures for agriculture, the index The degree of commercial openness and the ratio of agricultural investment cause an increase of 68%, 0.51%, 2.85% and 1.18% respectively in the inequality of income distribution, and among the types of variables mentioned, the effect of the index of the degree of commercial openness on the inequality of distribution Income is more compared to other variables.
Original Research
Geography and plan
Seyed Hadi Tayebnia; Ali Eizadi
Abstract
One of the most important plans and programs of the government for organizing and developing villages in the country is to prepare a pilot plan. The aim of this study was to investigate and analyze the consequences of implementing a rural pilot project in order to improve the quality of life of the local ...
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One of the most important plans and programs of the government for organizing and developing villages in the country is to prepare a pilot plan. The aim of this study was to investigate and analyze the consequences of implementing a rural pilot project in order to improve the quality of life of the local community in Rashtkhar. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. In this study, the sampling method was random and the sample size was determined by Cochran's formula (320 households in the study area). Data were collected through field studies (questionnaire, observation: selected and researcher-made indicators) and using library studies. To assess the reliability of the questionnaire, using Cronbach's alpha method with a rate of 0.830, the data for the research showed that it was satisfactory. SPSS software was used for data analysis. The Vickor model was also used to investigate the spatial distribution among the villages in which the pilot project was implemented. Findings indicate that the average effects of the master plan on the quality of life of rural areas studied in the one-sample test at the intermediate level (3). Also in the combined multiple regression model, the role of factors and dimensions affecting the quality of life of rural households from the consequences of the pilot project and its development in Rashtkhar district, showed that all six dimensions of physical, infrastructure, environmental, social, economic, cultural are significant. According to the Vicor technique, the villages of Fathabad and Saadatabad with the highest rank with 0.16 and 0.20, respectively, and the villages of Rouhabad and Andanjard with the rate of 0.96 and 0.80 with the lowest rank in terms of improving the quality of life from the performance. Hadi plans are more than other villages.
Original Research
Geography and plan
hadi Siasar; Amir Salari
Abstract
Following the intensification and duration of the drought period in Iran and the occurrence of acute water shortage problems, drought risk management especially in rural areas has doubled. A variety of methods, including the Markov chain, are used to predict the likelihood of drought. In this study, ...
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Following the intensification and duration of the drought period in Iran and the occurrence of acute water shortage problems, drought risk management especially in rural areas has doubled. A variety of methods, including the Markov chain, are used to predict the likelihood of drought. In this study, the drought situation of rural areas were studied in Sistan and Baluchestan province according to the monthly rainfall data of six stations in the statistical period 1976-2013 and using the standardized precipitation index method (SPI) in time scales of 3, 6, 9, 12, 24 and 48 months. The results showed that the cities of Zahedan, Chabahar, Zabol, Saravan, and Khash in the long term in 11.49, 35.14, 35.13, 11.62 and 35.13% of the times were in a dry situation, respectively. Zahedan, Chabahar, Zabol, Saravan, and Khash stations in 77.2 59.46, 62.17, 75.68 and 59.46% of the times were in normal condition and in 11.49, 5.40, 2.70, 2.70 and 5.41% of the times were in wet conditions, respectively. The results also showed that on average, the probability of equilibrium of dry, wet and normal periods in the stations of the province is 29, 5 and 66%, respectively. In other words, the region is in normal climatic conditions, while the probability of occurrence of dry conditions is almost six times that of wet conditions. The most severe drought in Sistan and Baluchestan province in 2008 with an SPI coefficient of -2.8 and the most severe drought in the province in 1995 with an SPI coefficient of +0.08 occurred. The general results showed that the changes in the SPI index have a negative trend and the creation of a comprehensive risk management system is essential.
Original Research
Tourism
Mostafa Mohammadi; Seyyed Mohammad Mirtaghian Rudsari; Razieh Rabani
Abstract
Speed and acceleration are always accompanied by a decrease in accuracy, an increase in the error rate and, as a result, a defect in the output. Today, there is a significant tendency to transform and change fast activities to slow ones in tourism in order to enjoy the beauty of slowness during vacations ...
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Speed and acceleration are always accompanied by a decrease in accuracy, an increase in the error rate and, as a result, a defect in the output. Today, there is a significant tendency to transform and change fast activities to slow ones in tourism in order to enjoy the beauty of slowness during vacations and travel. Currently, the nature of rural destinations is such that it can be considered as a more ideal set or perspective than other destinations for facilitating slow tourism. In this regard, the current research seeks to measure the impact of slow tourism factors on the development of rural destinations. The research method is exploratory-explanatory in terms of purpose and mixed in terms of nature. In the qualitative method, a semi-structured interviews were used for data collection and three-stage coding based on content analysis was used for data analysis. Also, in the quantitative method, a researcher-made questionnaire (extracted from the qualitative section) was used to collect data and structural equation modeling based on partial least squares was used for data analysis. The time domain of the research was from the fall of 1399 to the end of the summer of 1400. The findings of the research indicate that the eight factors "time, slow marketing, slow products, slow hospitality experience, slow economy, slow socio-cultural atmosphere, slow physical space and slow policy making" in Slow tourism development and six factors "resources and attractions, advertising and marketing, economic factors, socio-cultural factors, environmental factors and political factors" were abstracted in the development of rural tourism. It was also found that slow tourism and the factors affecting it have a positive and significant effect on the development of Javaherdeh village tourism. Management and practical suggestions based on the results were presented at the end of the research.
Original Research
Agri Eco.
Alireza Karbasi; shseyedmahdi Hoseyni; Amir Dadrasmoghadam; hamideh hamidipour
Abstract
Saffron is one of the strategic products of the agricultural sector in South Khorasan province, which has special place in the country's non-oil exports. Unfortunately, the dispersion of saffron lands and the existence of smallholder units, has reduced the profit, productivity and production efficiency ...
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Saffron is one of the strategic products of the agricultural sector in South Khorasan province, which has special place in the country's non-oil exports. Unfortunately, the dispersion of saffron lands and the existence of smallholder units, has reduced the profit, productivity and production efficiency of saffron growers in the region so that in recent years, many saffron growers have gradually devoted saffron lands to other crops . Land consolidation strategy is of great economic and agricultural importance. This strategy can lead to the optimal use of production inputs .The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors affecting the land integration by saffron growers in Ghaenat county in South Khorasan province. In the completed questionnaire, lands were divided into three levels of small, medium and large scale farms in terms of size. The results showed that the final effects of the variables of number of households, new technology and tools, knowledge of new production methods, existence of risk in production and performance have been effective on the integration of saffron farmers' lands in both medium and large land levels. In level 2 lands with medium scale (between 3 to 5 hectares), the variables of yield, technology and new tools and knowledge of new methods of saffron production have a significant negative, negative and positive effect on the use of medium scale lands, respectively. Level 3 lands (large scale), the effect of two variables on the number of households and the existence of risk in saffron production on land integration and use of large scale lands have been negative and significant and the three variables of saffron yield per hectare, new technology and tools and Knowledge of new methods of saffron production with sizes of 0.003, 0.16 and 0.06, respectively, has a positive and significant effect on land integration or large-scale land use. Therefore, by increasing the yield of saffron per hectare, new technology and tools and knowledge of new production methods provide better conditions for land integration and large-scale land use.
Original Research
Geography and plan
ahmad hajarian
Abstract
Today, governance passes through the realm of government and faces many problems and has no choice but to get rid of them. Governance must be able to establish partnership and cooperation between all the forces influencing the management of society, namely governments, the private sector and grassroots ...
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Today, governance passes through the realm of government and faces many problems and has no choice but to get rid of them. Governance must be able to establish partnership and cooperation between all the forces influencing the management of society, namely governments, the private sector and grassroots organizations. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the causal pattern of criteria affecting good governance. The present study is applied according to its purpose, and based on descriptive-causal method. The statistical sample of the study consisted of 30 experts and specialists related to rural management and rural planning. In order to achieve the research goal, fuzzy dimethyl technique was used. Findings of the study showed that among the eight criteria of good governance, the criterion of participation and legality were the most effective and the criteria of efficiency and effectiveness were the most effective criteria of good governance. The criterion of participation was also identified as the most important criterion of good governance.
Original Research
Geography and plan
Mohammad Taghi Dastorani; Maryam Bhyarfard; Ali Akbar Anabestani
Abstract
Natural hazards such as floods are one of the most damaging phenomena that require more attention. Villages at risk of flooding, such as Zoshk, should be more stable in order to minimize possible flood risks and damages. One of the most important strategies that are considered today to reduce flood damage ...
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Natural hazards such as floods are one of the most damaging phenomena that require more attention. Villages at risk of flooding, such as Zoshk, should be more stable in order to minimize possible flood risks and damages. One of the most important strategies that are considered today to reduce flood damage is the resilience of communities, which has been evaluated in this research. The research method is descriptive-analytical "survey" and the statistical population is 728 households living in Zoshk village. According to the number of 728 households in Zoshk villages, the sample size was estimated to be 102 using Cochran's formula, and 102 questionnaires were prepared in the form of a 5-point Likert scale. In this questionnaire, the overall resilience of the village has been investigated. Data analysis was carried out using Excel and SPSS software. To determine the level of normality of the data, skewness and kurtosis tests were used, and to answer the research hypothesis, one-sample t-test was used. The results of the research show that the resilience of Zoshk village is average according to the opinion of the majority of the residents of the region and in between, the infrastructural, institutional and organizational dimensions, and economic, varies from the average and the amount of these dimensions are less than the average and they are in an unfavorable situation. The dimension of social resilience is higher than average and has a favorable condition.
Original Research
Agricultural Extension and Education
Mahdi Babaeian; Abolfazl Tavassoli; Yasser Esmailian
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the ability of carbon sequestration in barley and to determine the global warming potential of this product in the cropping year 2020-2021 in rural areas Shirvan city. For this purpose, systematic random sampling was performed in 30 farms from 0-30 cm soil depth ...
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This study was conducted to investigate the ability of carbon sequestration in barley and to determine the global warming potential of this product in the cropping year 2020-2021 in rural areas Shirvan city. For this purpose, systematic random sampling was performed in 30 farms from 0-30 cm soil depth and consumption inputs were obtained through face-to-face questionnaire. The results showed that the soil carbon sequestration capacity in barley farms was equal to 1.74 ton/ha-1. Comparison of conversion coefficient of plant organs showed that spike had a higher conversion coefficient of 22.44% than root. The carbon sequestration capacity of spike, stem and barley root was determined as 1297.20, 620.624 and 114 kg.ha-1, respectively. Among the input inputs, diesel fuel with an average of 552.70 kg.ha-1 had the most role and electricity with an average of 6.85 kg.ha-1 had the least role in greenhouse gas emissions. Among greenhouse gases, carbon dioxide with 1135.79 kg.ha-1 had the highest share. The total global warming potential of one hectare of barley in Shirvan city was 1147.31 kg equivalent of carbon dioxide. The amount of carbon footprint obtained for the total plant biomass was equal to 0.28 kg equivalent to carbon dioxide per kg of barley biomass.
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