Rural Development Strategies

Abstract Tourism organizations need to communicate and interact with tourists through social media. Through social media platforms, tourists independently generate and share information .The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of data mining quality on the acceptance of information by tourists on social media platforms through the mediating variable of perceived diagnostic effects, information validity in tourism target villages of Khuzestan province. It is an applied research in terms of purpose, a descriptive one, a branch of field studies, in terms of data collection, and a correlation one in terms of its nature. The statistical population of this study is tourists from the target villages of tourism in Khuzestan province. Due to the lack of access to all respondents, the study population was considered unlimited. In this study,the sampling method is convenience sampling, and based on Morgan and Krejcie table، the sample size was determined to be 384. The research data collection methods were library and field methods. In this research, face and content validity as well as construct validity were used to measure validity, and Cronbach's alpha coefficient and composite reliability coefficient were used to measure reliability. The results of structural equation analysis with PLS software showed that data mining quality was adequate on perceived diagnostic effects and information validity.Perceived diagnostic effects and information validity were effective on information acceptance. Also, the effects of perceived risk had a moderating role between the quality of data mining and the perceived diagnostic effects and between the quality of data mining and the validity of information. On the other hand, the perceived diagnostic effects and information validity had a mediating role between data mining quality and information acceptance. Based on the results of the research findings, it is suggested that the managers of pages and blogs active in different social media platforms should continuously provide updated and efficient information and according to the needs of users, by producing suitable textual content and image files. or a downloadable video, increase the information provided to the users. At the same time, by posing questions or challenges, they make the presented content more practical

Abstract Cooperative and agricultural companies active in villages have a capacity to empower villagers and develop sustainable employment, which can be effective in increasing production, raising income levels, and improving people's social status. The current research was conducted with the aim of analyzing the obstacles and problems of rural entrepreneurship development in cooperative and agricultural companies. The research was conducted qualitatively and with an interpretive phenomenological approach. The statistical population of the research is managers and entrepreneurial experts of cooperative and agricultural companies in 1401, who were selected using targeted sampling of 25 people until reaching data saturation. In order to collect data, a semi-structured in-depth interview was used, and Smith et al.'s phenomenological analysis method was used to analyze the data. Based on data analysis, a total of 105 primary codes, 12 components and 5 main dimensions were extracted and classified. The results indicated that the obstacles and problems of rural entrepreneurship development in cooperative and agricultural companies consisted of 5 cultural dimensions, organizational structure, entrepreneurship support, technical and managerial structure. This research confirms that the lack of management skills has a positive effect on the failure of cooperative and entrepreneurial agricultural companies, which are mostly run by owners who have little knowledge of management, which leads to business failure. Also, the results show that the lack of proper infrastructure development in the country is also the reason for the failure of cooperative and agricultural companies. It is suggested that managers of agricultural and cooperative companies increase their knowledge and management skills by participating in workshops and seminars.

Abstract حفظ امنیت مرزهای کشور ایجاب ‌‌می‌کند جمعیت نواحی مرزی حفظ گردد. از آنجاکه مهم‌ترین دلیل مهاجرت مرزنشینان تنگناهای اقتصادی است، مطالعه حاضر به شناسایی راهبردهای اقتصادی نگهداشت روستاییان در مناطق مرزی‌‌ می پردازد. روش تحقیق توصیفی-تحلیلی بوده و از دو ابزار برنامه‌ریزی استراتژیک SWOT-QSPM استفاده ‌شد. جامعه آماری روستاهای دارای بیش از بیست خانوار در 10 کیلومتری مرز ایران و افغانستان در شهرستان تربت‌جام است. در این مطالعه 34 خبره محلی در 17 روستای مرزی، ماتریس عوامل داخلی را با 48 و عوامل خارجی را با 9 عامل ارزیابی کردند. نتایجSWOT نشان داد برخورداری از شرایط مطلوب دامداری در روستاهای مرزی مهمترین قوت و عدم کارایی تعاونی مرزنشینان و عدم تزریق منافع آن به روستائیان مهمترین ضعف نگهداشت جمعیت در روستاهای مرزی است. در این ماتریس نقاط قوت با 13/2 بر ضعف با 03/1 برتری دارد. در ماتریس خارجی افزایش توجه دولت به ساکنان روستاهای مرزی نسبت به گذشته مهمترین فرصت و تحریم ایران در زمینه‌های متعدد و کاهش مراودات اقتصادی بین دو مرز مهمترین تهدید اقتصادی نگهداشت جمعیت در روستاهای مرزی است. در این ماتریس نقاط فرصت با 12/1 بر ضعف با 02/1 غلبه دارد. با توجه به امتیاز نهایی در ماتریس ارزیابی عوامل داخلی 16/2 و در ماتریس ارزیابی عوامل خارجی 14/1، استراتژی منتخب تدافعی است. به کمک ماتریس QSPM در بین هفت استراتژی‌های تدافعی ارائه‌شده، اولویت اول با افزایش تنوع منابع درآمدی و ایجاد فرصت‌های شغلی غیرزراعی مناسب و درآمدزا در روستاهای مرزی مانند صنایع دستی، گردشگری و توسعه فعالیت‌های بخش خدمات و ... با امتیاز 55/1 است.

Abstract Today, the role of creativity in the world economy and the development process of countries has been assessed as so important and key that creativity has played a significant role in the economic growth and development of the world. On the other hand, the capability of human resources has been able to establish the sustainability of this creativity for different levels of a country. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to analyze the influence of capable households on the formation of creative villages. The purpose of the research is applied, and the research method is descriptive-analytical. Data and information were collected in both documentary and field form (questionnaire) in 5 dimensions of village households' capabilities (effectiveness, meaningfulness, competence, trust and right to choose). The statistical population of the research included heads of households in the villages of Roshtkhar Township, which was calculated based on Cochran's formula, and the sample size of 377 households was calculated and distributed randomly. To analyze the data of the methods, the network analysis model (ANP) and statistical analysis, spatial analysis and Super Decisions, GIS, SPSS software have been used. The realization findings show that the indicators of creativity of households (0.9725), job importance (0.9177), personality of households (0.8847) have the highest weight. Therefore, the fitted model is suitable for conducting the research, which shows a linear and direct relationship between the development of the formation of creative villages and capable rural households in the study area. Rural areas in the villages of Roshtkhar Township can be mentioned to provide financial needs from the managers of relevant government and private institutions. In this regard, considering the trend of globalization of villages, it is suggested that the low level of education among households can be a red light for rural planners.

Abstract Reducing farmers' income risks, using natural resources and reducing migration, growth and employment in villages, creating a new market for selling and increasing profits from agricultural products, expanding the regional economy are some of the advantages of rural tourism development. This research seeks to determine an innovative strategy based on which it is possible to prioritize investment options for the development of rural tourism with specific financial resources. For this purpose, based on the hierarchical analysis method, the effective criteria for attracting tourists in the tourism target villages of Tabas region (Azmeighan, Khoro, Helvan and Esfak) were prioritized and then, using the obtained coefficients, the investment model was developed in the form of the mathematical programming of integer zero and one method was compiled and implemented. The results show that the criterion of natural attractions is the first and most effective factor in attracting tourists. Environmental-geographical factors, advertising and information and infrastructure and facilities are in the second to fourth priorities of the most effective criteria in attracting tourists. The results of the zero and one planning model indicate that strengthening the rural tourism infrastructure and recreational infrastructure for the villages of Azmeighan and Esfak is the priority of investment because these items have been selected in all the examined scenarios with different amounts of financial resources. Increasing accommodation centers, creating eco-tourism centers and traditional restaurants in the target villages, holding competitions and festivals such as rice, date, and orange festivals or holding special tours on Yalda night, Nowruz, hydrotherapy, geology, rural studies, village tours, and holding a desert climbing conference is one of the ways to strengthen rural tourism in this region.

Abstract In recent years, the non-agricultural sector has been recognized as a tool to reduce rural poverty and create employment for the rural labor. In Iran, non-agricultural activities in rural areas due to recent droughts, water resources crisis and the tendency of rural youth to non-agricultural activities has grown so much that according to the census of Population and housing in 2017, 49.7% of rural employees have been employed in the non-agricultural sector. This study investigates the factors affecting on employment of farmers in non-agricultural activities in Sabzevar city. Data were obtained of simple random available sampling method from 208 farmers in this city in the year 2021-2022 and were analyzed using the logit model.The results showed that 112 people of farmers had non-agricultural activities, of which about 19.6% had government activities, 30.4% were private, and the largest number of farmers are freely engaged in non-agricultural activities. The results of the logit model showed that factors, including the level of education and the number of members of the farmer's household, have a positive effect, and the variables of the age of the farmer, the cultivation level, the experience of agricultural activity, the diversity of agricultural activity and the amount of agricultural income have a negative effect on farmers' employment in non-agricultural activity. The government take action by raising the level of technical and skill abilities of villagers by providing technical and professional education services in accordance with the creation of entrepreneurship in rural areas at the level of schools and universities.

Abstract Climate change and lowering of the water level of Lake Urmia by having a negative impact on agriculture and livelihoods of rural households in the Urmia Lake Basin can cause changes in the livelihood resilience level of rural households. Considering that geographical factors are an important factor in livelihood resilience, the present study has compared the livelihood resilience of rural households in the Urmia Lake Basin in terms of location of villages. To investigate the status of resilience, the indexing method has been used, which in the present study has three sub-indices: buffer capacity, self-organization and learning capacity. The research tool for data collection was a questionnaire whose validity was confirmed by the opinions of faculty members of Zanjan University and Urmia University. Alpha Cronbach's coefficient was used to evaluate the reliability of the questionnaire. The statistical population of the study was rural households in Urmia Lake basin in two provinces of East and West Azerbaijan. The results showed that the average resilience was 0.44, which indicated moderate resilience. The mean values of self-organization, learning capacity and buffer capacity were 0.55, 0.37 and 0.46, respectively. The results of mean comparison tests showed that the mean resilience in the two provinces of East and West Azerbaijan had a significant difference (t=2/50, p=0/013) and East Azerbaijan province was more resilient. Also, the average indicators and components of buffer capacity (t=3/86, p=0/000), natural, economic and social capital were significantly different and were higher in West Azerbaijan. The mean components of self-organization (t=2/98, p=0/003), learning capacity (t=4/12, p=0/000), debt trust, job exchange, commitment to learning, planning, experimentation, participation in access to information and feedback mechanism were significantly higher in East Azerbaijan. The average resilience of rural households in the Urmia Lake Basin in coastal and non-coastal villages was not significantly different (t=1/486, p=0/138) from each other, but the average buffer capacity (t=3/563, p=0/000), social capital, natural capital and knowledge of opportunities and threats were significantly higher in coastal villages. The mean indicators of self-reliance, local laws and customs and network were significantly higher in non-coastal villages.

Abstract Nowadays, despite the undeniable importance of the beekeeping in different communities due to its economic, social and environmental functions (such as facilitating the pollination of plants), this sector is facing some challenges and neglected opportunities that have limited its performance and development. Hence, the current research tries to identify and analyze the challenges and opportunities of beekeeping in Fereydunshahr county and provide suggestions for its development. Data were collected with a researcher made questionnaire. The sample size was 140 beekeepers who were selected by stratified sampling method among the beekeepers of Fereydunshahr county (210 beekeepers). The results of descriptive statistics and exploratory factor analysis demonstrated that the supply of counterfeit honey and cultural and social challenges (12.67% of variance) such as the lack of space to establish apiaries and the improper use of chemicals in agriculture are the main challenges. Also, the natural opportunities (22.70% of variance) include the suitable climate and vegetation for beekeeping activities and the presence of high quality and abundant water resources near the apiaries are the most important opportunities for beekeeping in Fereydunshahr county. Finally, in accordance with challenges and opportunities identified in the beekeeping sector in Fereydunshahr county, some solutions were suggested in order to improve and develop beekeeping industry in this county.