Original Research
Geography and plan
Vakil Heidari sraban; Hamdollah Sojasi Qeidari; Ali Majnoony Tootkhane
Abstract
Positive Psychological Capital is defined as the positive and developmental state of an individual as characterized by high self-efficacy, optimism, hope and resiliency. The main purpose of this paper is to explain the psychological capital effects on improvement of village farmer’s job satisfactions ...
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Positive Psychological Capital is defined as the positive and developmental state of an individual as characterized by high self-efficacy, optimism, hope and resiliency. The main purpose of this paper is to explain the psychological capital effects on improvement of village farmer’s job satisfactions in the Ardabil County. The study sample consists of farmers in the Ardabil Province and 380 people were selected by convenience sampling. The sample size was determined based on Cochran's formula and the required data was collected through questionnaires. A questionnaire was used for data collection. The questionnaires face and content validity were confirmed by professors and experts, and its reliability was confirmed based on Cronbach's alpha (0.71-0.82). For data analysis, the SPSS software was used. The results of Pearson correlation test showed that there was a significant correlation between all research variables and job satisfactions with the reliability of %95. Moreover, the variables of optimism, resiliency and self-efficacy contained %41 of dependent variables in linear multiple regression test. Finally, according to the results of analysis, practical suggestions are presented.
Original Research
Agricultural Extension and Education
Mahdi Javanshiri; Khadijeh Bozarjomehri; Omolbanin Harati; Hamideh Mahmoudi
Abstract
Not so long ago, the main obstacle to the development of undeveloped countries was thought to be the lack of capital. However, today it is believed that capital is a necessary condition for development, but not the sufficient one. Therefore, one of the strategies to achieve economic development is to ...
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Not so long ago, the main obstacle to the development of undeveloped countries was thought to be the lack of capital. However, today it is believed that capital is a necessary condition for development, but not the sufficient one. Therefore, one of the strategies to achieve economic development is to make use of an efficient financial system to circulate stagnant capitals in the community. Accordingly, micro-credits were introduced in developing countries over the past 30 years, aiming to provide low-income groups with financial services. These funds are used to provide villagers with loans, particularly those who are active in production. The availability of liquidity helps villagers meet their financial needs and start a production process and get agricultural products for plantings. The study also aimed to examine the role of microcredits in rural development, with emphasis on the impact of geographical factors in attracting such funds in mountainous and plain rural area of the Mashhad County. This study is an applied research carried out in a descriptive-analytical method. Based on Cochran's formula, 207 rural households were selected. The ratio of households in each area was also calculated by Cochran's formula to be a total of 90 households from mountainous areas, and 118 households from plain areas that were selected. The required data were collected from library sources and the survey (questionnaires) among the households that received the funds. The results showed that the effectiveness of microcredits is not significantly different in mountainous and plain areas. However, there is a significant difference between the two areas considering the difficulties and satisfaction level of villagers in getting the loans, such that villagers in plain areas were more satisfied than those in mountainous areas.
Original Research
Agricultural Extension and Education
Ehsan Khosravi; saeed gholamrezai; mehdi rahimian; morteza akbari
Abstract
Nowadays, development of agricultural cooperatives is a key strategy for rural development in many countries. In this regard, the key role that Organizational entrepreneurship plays in organizational success, especially in the agricultural sector, should not be ignored. The main purpose of this study ...
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Nowadays, development of agricultural cooperatives is a key strategy for rural development in many countries. In this regard, the key role that Organizational entrepreneurship plays in organizational success, especially in the agricultural sector, should not be ignored. The main purpose of this study is to determine the status of organizational entrepreneurship in agricultural cooperatives. The statistical population consisted of poultry cooperative members of the Kermanshah province in the west of Iran (N=1012). A sample of 220 respondents was selected using Cochran's formula by the stratified random sampling method. To collect data, a questionnaire adapted from the standard questionnaire developed by Antonice and Histrich (2001) and Scheepers et al. (2008) was used. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by faculty members at the Universities of Tehran, Lorestan and agricultural cooperative experts in the Kermanshah Province. Cronbach's alpha was used to estimate the reliability of the questionnaire. The reliability was found to be acceptable. In this study, the data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics, which was conducted by using the SPSS20 software. The results showed that organizational entrepreneurship in cooperatives included four dimensions of risk-taking, innovation, proactiveness, and strategic renewal. It is recommended that the managers of cooperatives and members use innovative ideas of the members of cooperatives to prepare the grounds for strengthening organizational entrepreneurship in cooperatives so that the possibility and requirements for sustainable rural development is provided.
Original Research
Geography and plan
Jamshid Einali; Ahmad romyani; asiye Esmaili
Abstract
Today, tourism is an activity is one of the high income activities in the world that has economic, social and cultural development values and it can play an important role in the development of underdeveloped regions. The purpose of this study is the prioritization of tourist areas of Kurdistan. The ...
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Today, tourism is an activity is one of the high income activities in the world that has economic, social and cultural development values and it can play an important role in the development of underdeveloped regions. The purpose of this study is the prioritization of tourist areas of Kurdistan. The study seeks to answer which of the tourist attraction regions have better conditions for direct investment and development. The type of this research study is applied descriptive analytical method of research, and library and field study methods (observation, interviews, and questionnaires) were used for collecting data. In order to analyze data VIKOR and TOPSIS models were used. The results using TOPSIS indicate that the samples areas for tourism such as the Abider, Zarivar Lake, Village Oraman Takht amusement park each have a coefficient of 0.007, 0.071, and .103 and with rank of 1, 2 and 3 and the other samples tourism areas Zarivar Lake, Abider tourism area, and Village Oraman Takht amusement park each with a coefficient of 0.872, 0.851 and 0.77 and with rank 1, 2 and 3 respectively.
Original Research
Agricultural Extension and Education
Parisa Najafloo; Enayat Abbasi; Homayon Farhadian
Abstract
The main purpose of this study is to investigate the factors affecting grape producer's information seeking behavior in the Zanjan province. The research was a descriptive and correlational study that was conducted by using a survey method. The statistical population consisted of all grape producers ...
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The main purpose of this study is to investigate the factors affecting grape producer's information seeking behavior in the Zanjan province. The research was a descriptive and correlational study that was conducted by using a survey method. The statistical population consisted of all grape producers in 2014 cropping seasons (N =32871) in the Zanjan province. Using Krejcie and Morgan's (1970) sample-size Tale, 379 grape producers were selected as the sample population (n =379). The samples were selected through convenience sampling method. Data were collected by using a questionnaire, which was validated by a panel of agricultural extension and education and horticulture experts and the reliability was gained through a pilot test with Cronbach's alpha coefficient between 0.73 and 0.86. The data were analyzed by using the SPSS software. The results of the research showed that about 80 percent of farmers had weak to moderate information seeking behavior. Among the cities, Khoramdeh had the highest percentage of grape producers in the moderate seeking behavior cluster and the other cities had the highest percentage of grape producers in the low seeking behavior clusters. Although the grape producers in different clusters had a high level of access to the agricultural management experts, this information source was not one of the highly usable sources. In contrast, family members and other farmers play an important role in meeting their information needs. Grape producers in different clusters of information seeking behavior had different individual, professional and management characteristics
Original Research
Agricultural Extension and Education
Bahman Khosravipour; Mona Dorani; Omid Mehrab Ghoochani
Abstract
The main purpose of the present study is to measure the food insecurity status of the Bawi Township in the Khuzestan province. This is a cross sectional descriptive study. The population used in this study included all of the rural families in the central part of the Bawi district. Among them, 198 people ...
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The main purpose of the present study is to measure the food insecurity status of the Bawi Township in the Khuzestan province. This is a cross sectional descriptive study. The population used in this study included all of the rural families in the central part of the Bawi district. Among them, 198 people were selected using the convenience sampling method. Data was collected by using the Radimer-Cornel questionnaire. The results revealed that in total only 12 percent of the respondents were food secure and 87 percent experienced on of the forms of food insecurity such as food insecurity without hunger, with medium hunger and with serious hunger. The results also showed that the highest frequency was related to food insecure without hunger. The results showed that women are in a more food insecure situation than men. Also, the educational level of the heads of households led to a difference in the household's food insecurity. In addition, the results showed that income entered the regression equation of factors affecting household food insecurity and determined 29% of the variation of the variance of the dependent variable.
Original Research
Agricultural Extension and Education
bahram imani; Soheyla Bakhtar; Saied Jafari
Abstract
Organic farming is a holistic production management system which enhances agro ecosystem health by maintaining and enhancing biodiversity, biological cycles and soil biological activity. However, there are many obstacles in the way of implementing this system. . Hence, identifying the barriers and promoters ...
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Organic farming is a holistic production management system which enhances agro ecosystem health by maintaining and enhancing biodiversity, biological cycles and soil biological activity. However, there are many obstacles in the way of implementing this system. . Hence, identifying the barriers and promoters of rural perspective is essential. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the aspects of rural communities in relation with the barriers and promoters of organic farming. This research study is an applied research that is based on a descriptive analytical approach. The statistical population used in this study consists of 64 villages with over 20 households in the central part of the city of Ardabil with a total population of 50039. According to the Cochran formula, the sample size was estimated to be 356. In order to gather the required information library and field methods were used. The indicators that were designed for preparing the questionnaire were economic, technical-information, management and social factors in two dimensions of restrictive and leading factors in the form of 42 variables. The SPSS19 and Lisrel software packages were used in order to analyze the data. Based on the results, among the organic farming restrictions, social factors had the maximum amount of restricting effect and economic factors had the minimum amount of restricting effect. Among the promoting factors, technical and informational factors had the greatest impact on the advancement of organic agriculture and the economic factors had the least impact.
Original Research
Env
Ali Ghasemi Ardahaee; Reza Noubakht; Nayereh Rostami
Abstract
Entrepreneurship and sustainable rural employment are the main concerns of rural planners. One of the most basic requirements for this is that young people remain in the rural areas. Accordingly, the aim of this paper is to identify individual and structural factors that are effective in keeping young ...
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Entrepreneurship and sustainable rural employment are the main concerns of rural planners. One of the most basic requirements for this is that young people remain in the rural areas. Accordingly, the aim of this paper is to identify individual and structural factors that are effective in keeping young people in rural areas. Statistical results of the bivariate and multilevel modeling (HLM) shows that rural youth are not willing to stay in rural regions. One may cite the following individual factors contributing to this lack of interest in staying in rural areas: age, marital status, education, communication with relatives in the city, as well as employment status and job skills. People with higher human capital who have technical skills and building related non-agricultural skills are not interested in staying in rural areas. Moreover, the increased population in the villages and lack of social welfare facilities in village are highly effective in reducing the tendency of young people to stay in the villages.
