Original Research
Agricultural Extension and Education
Nasim Izadi; Ahmad yaghoubi Farani
Abstract
The weak performance of the public sector (in agricultural extension systems) in providing services in recent decades has led to the presence of new agents in the field of agricultural extension and rural development. The resulting functional diversity and pluralism structure including governmental, ...
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The weak performance of the public sector (in agricultural extension systems) in providing services in recent decades has led to the presence of new agents in the field of agricultural extension and rural development. The resulting functional diversity and pluralism structure including governmental, private and non-governmental results in the facilitation of the participation of actors in various subjects. The aim of this study is to determine the function of organizations in Iran as a pluralistic extension system. The study was conducted by Delphi. The population of the study were 50 subject experts. The Delphi method of sampling is not used here, but a panel of experts on the subject with expertise and professional experience should be chosen. This research was conducted in three stages. Fourteen organizations and five categories of functioning were introduced by the panel of experts. The function of each organization was identified after removing the items on which there was less than 80 percent overall agreement. The results showed that in a pluralist system the extension of an organization can provide a service in return for payment. Therefore, the audience turns to one of the organizations based on his/her needs and conditions and the choice of the quality of service. Usually, the competitive nature of this work provides for improvement of services.
Original Research
Env
Hossaein Agahi; Akram Binaian; Saber Fatahi
Abstract
Today, in many countries of the world, in some cases women are barred from interfering in politics and social roles. Thus, still it is necessary to place women in political, social, economic and cultural activities. The purpose of this study is to examine individual and family barriers to women's political ...
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Today, in many countries of the world, in some cases women are barred from interfering in politics and social roles. Thus, still it is necessary to place women in political, social, economic and cultural activities. The purpose of this study is to examine individual and family barriers to women's political and social participation of the Shirez District in the city of Harsin. The research methodology used is descriptive-correlation and it is carried out by using a survey. The statistical population included the women older than 6 years in the Shirez District. A sample size of 333 person was determined by using the Kerejcie and Morgan table. They have been selected using the convenience sampling method with proportional assignment. Data analysis was done by using the Spearman coefficient and multiple regression analysis. The results showed that the political participation of women is in the medium level and their social participation is in the high level. Also, the results indicated that women believe that they are not able to participate in political affairs. The inability to communicate with others, the physical weakness and other problems, high volume of activities of women at home, high volume of activities in the agricultural sector and livestock, accepting dominance, lack of experience in political and administrative affairs and unwillingness of women compared to men in management are the main barriers of the political and social participation of rural women.
Original Research
Agricultural Extension and Education
Hamdollah Sojasi Qidari; Zahra Behrooz
Abstract
Selection of a given cropping pattern can have serious results on the farmers’ life and rural society because of the multi dimensionality of agriculture. However, in many cases, farmers are inclined to change the cropping pattern because of changes in natural situations, changes in demand and consumption, ...
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Selection of a given cropping pattern can have serious results on the farmers’ life and rural society because of the multi dimensionality of agriculture. However, in many cases, farmers are inclined to change the cropping pattern because of changes in natural situations, changes in demand and consumption, etc. One of the most important and effective factors of change cropping pattern amongst Iranian farmers in recent years is the drought problem. One of the more current cultural method changes in the Khorasan region is inclination to saffron cultivation that can have various economic, social and environmental effects. Thus, this research paid attention to the investigation of changes from cultivation method from drought to the economic, social and environmental dimensions of saffron production amongst the villagers of the Zebarkhan district of the Khorasan Razavi province. Analytical-description methodology was used for this purpose. Data collection was done using the library- field methodology with researcher’s questionnaire whose narrative is 0.78 according to Cronbach's alpha method. Therefore, by using the Cochran formula with the intended level of 0.05, 142 farmers have been selected by available sampling method that have changed their cropping pattern to saffron production because of water shortages and drought. Then, their ideas were analyzed considering cases of economic, social and environmental effects of cropping pattern change to saffron production. The results showed meaningful changes in all research indices except for increase of cultivation surface area. Moreover, the most important changes of cropping pattern and switching over to saffron production have been identified using the Shannon entropy weighing method. In addition, the shown the revealed with continuation of differences of the changes in cropping pattern of saffron between the various villages were analyzed by using the multi-index TOPSIS. Finally, it was shown that the Harim Abad village with a score of 1 for the coefficients of each of the three dimensions has been selected to have been most affected by changes in cropping pattern while the Kalateh Soltani village with a coefficient of 0.183 has been the least affected.
Original Research
Geography and plan
Mohsen Shaterian; Sedighe kiani salmi; Mahmood Ganjipour
Abstract
In the late decades, the development of industrial activities in the rural areas of Iran have caused some changes in different aspects of these areas which influence the special patterns of rural areas. This article aims to identify the changes that have been the results of industrial development and ...
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In the late decades, the development of industrial activities in the rural areas of Iran have caused some changes in different aspects of these areas which influence the special patterns of rural areas. This article aims to identify the changes that have been the results of industrial development and it’s reflection in the development of rural residential areas. The main intention of this study is to analyze the special consequences (economic, social and anatomical) of the industrial center of Kashan in the development of neighboring rural areas. The industrial center consists of three factories that are for making essence, making equipment for gardeners and distillers and the Barij Company. All of the above companies are called the Industrial Center of Barij Essence. It has employed 1050 workers from amongst whom 120 people were identified and the questionnaires were randomly distributed among these workers. To analyze the data based on the measurement variables, descriptive and analytic methods (T) were used. The results showed that economically, having rural industries has led to an increase in the people’s intake of calories, seeing more consumption in long lasting goods and more satisfaction in the native people of the area. In addition, there is more social involvement, improvements in not wasting the residents’ free time, decreasing of natives immigration out of the rural areas and finally anatomically, quantity and quality improvement in the rural houses.
Original Research
Agricultural Extension and Education
Hesamedin Gholami; Rasool Lavaei Adaryani; Mehdi Tafvizi
Abstract
The importance of bio-fertilizers has increased because of the negative consequences of using chemical fertilizers. This study that was conducted in the Zanjan County was aimed at examining the factors that affect farmers' perceived compatibility of bio- fertilizers. In this regard, among 313 active ...
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The importance of bio-fertilizers has increased because of the negative consequences of using chemical fertilizers. This study that was conducted in the Zanjan County was aimed at examining the factors that affect farmers' perceived compatibility of bio- fertilizers. In this regard, among 313 active farmers in the Zanjan county, 135 farmers were contacted and surveyed through a convenient sampling to examine two categories of effective factors, i.e. personal (knowledge about and attitude toward bio-fertilizers) and environmental (economic accessibility, physical accessibility to bio-fertilizers and policy and support structures) factors. Binary logistic regression and discriminant analysis were applied to examine the consistency of the results. The results of two techniques showed that improving policy and support increased farmers' perceived computability and providing economic facilities decreased it. Furthermore, the results revealed that farmers' knowledge and attitude did not have a significant effect on the perceived compatibility.
Original Research
Agricultural Extension and Education
Mahnaz mohammadzadeh; Hussein Shaban fami; naser motiee; mohamadreza sanjabi
Abstract
During recent years, animal organic productions have been of interest to producers, policy makers and consumers around the world. The aim of the present study is identification of organic milk production difficulties in the Ardabil province by using the cross – correlation method. The population ...
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During recent years, animal organic productions have been of interest to producers, policy makers and consumers around the world. The aim of the present study is identification of organic milk production difficulties in the Ardabil province by using the cross – correlation method. The population under study included 200 livestock experts and consultancy company staff of this province and the effective sample size used was 120 that was obtained by Cochran statistics. The sampling and selection technique used for choosing the sample society was the stratified random sampling technique. The main tool of data collection was a questionnaire whose validity was not only confirmed by experts but its Cronbach alpha coefficient was 95%. The results showed that the 9 main difficulties were inefficiencies of institutional infrastructure, research infrastructure, market infrastructure, development and implementation of guidelines, cultural and psychological inadequacy of infrastructure, existence of production risk, and ineffectiveness of the services offered to producers, inadequacy of knowledge and information ranchers and inefficiency of management of animal units. These items covered 69.75% of the total variation related to the difficulties of organic milk production in this province.
Original Research
Geography and plan
Mousa Aazami; Parisa Safahan
Abstract
The informative society is seen as the central element of rural development at the beginning of the third millennium and the development of information technology and communication in villages has always been considered in current summits across the world. Nowadays, information and communication technology ...
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The informative society is seen as the central element of rural development at the beginning of the third millennium and the development of information technology and communication in villages has always been considered in current summits across the world. Nowadays, information and communication technology service offices are the basis of electronic government. Therefore, recognition of these offices is necessary for sustainable rural development. The purpose of this research was a comparative analysis between the current situation and the desirable situation of e-government services in the rural districts of the Hamedan province as perceived by their directors (Hamedan, Bahar and Famenin Counties). The study population consists of 91 respondents who were chosen and studied through the census method. The findings of this research study consist of two sections. The items related to satisfaction with the activities in information and communication technology service offices were prioritized in the first section. Moreover, the current and the desirable conditions for electronic service provision were identified. The gap between these two were analyzed in the second section. The results indicate that there is a significant difference between these two conditions of electronic service provisions in rural areas. This significant difference was recognized through the paired T test at the 0.05 level with 6.33 value that illustrates the existence of a gap between these two situations. Electronic government, information technology and communication, information and communication technology service offices
Original Research
Agri Eco.
Shoja Mousapour; Mahmoud Ahmadpour; Ahmad Ali Kheikha; Mohammad Reza Sasouli; valiollah Sarani
Abstract
The Khabr National Park is the most important national park that is located in the South East of the country. It benefits from a great deal of animal and plant biodiversity and climate variability that are of great importance for rural recreation. Therefore, the National Park's valuation ...
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The Khabr National Park is the most important national park that is located in the South East of the country. It benefits from a great deal of animal and plant biodiversity and climate variability that are of great importance for rural recreation. Therefore, the National Park's valuation could explain its importance to the rural people and the tourists inside the park.as well as affect the decisions of the managers. The main aim of this study is to estimate the value of protecting the natural resources of this national park. The Logit model and a dual two-part selection method was used in order to investigate the factors affecting rural people and tourists’ willingness to pay. The data needed for this research study was collected by completing questionnaires and interviews with 228 persons from local people and tourists in 2015. This activity was carried out for three months using the Cochran general formula and random sampling was used. The results showed that factors such as gender, education, previous participation in promotional classes, participation in state institutions, being a local resident and income have a positive and significant effect while age and the proposed amount have a negative and significant effect on local people's willingness to pay (WTP). The per person’s average willingness to pay is about 180 thousand Rials and the per family’s average willingness to pay is about 800 thousand Rials per month. The results show that the rural people and the tourists inside the park and other tourists place a high value on the natural resources. Therefore, it is recommended that politicians and policy-makers pay special attention to these natural resources and invest more on maintaining and improving the quality of these resources.
