Original Research
Agricultural Extension and Education
Aida Shahryari; Homayon Farhadian; Maryam Mahmoudi
Abstract
The main purpose of this research was to study of rapeseed production challenges, as well as providing strategies for the development of this crop in Alborz Province. This descriptive-correctional study was conducted in two stages. In the first stage of this research, due to lack of comprehensive empirical ...
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The main purpose of this research was to study of rapeseed production challenges, as well as providing strategies for the development of this crop in Alborz Province. This descriptive-correctional study was conducted in two stages. In the first stage of this research, due to lack of comprehensive empirical background on the challenges of development of rapeseed cultivation in Alborz Province, the most important challenges and strategies for the development of rapeseed cultivation were collected from the perspective of experienced experts in the Organization and Management of Jihad-e-Agriculture, elite farmers and researchers through interviews. The statistical population of this part of the study was experienced experts, elite farmers and researchers in the field of research. Respondents were selected using non-probability snowball sampling. As a result of implementation of this stage and after the validity test, 46 and 27 variables were extracted as the most important challenges and strategies for the development of rapeseed cultivation in Alborz Province, respectively. In the second stage, in order to determine the importance of each identified variable from farmers' viewpoint, a questionnaire was designed in a Likert scale format and after the implementation of the pre-test and verification of its validity and reliability was given to the respondents. The statistical population of this part of the study included all farmers who were active in rapeseed cultivation during the last three years in the study area (N=142). Based on the results of factor analysis, the identified challenges were categorized into five factors, including: "poor supporting conditions; lack of resources, inputs and infrastructures; weak performance of educational-extension institutions; inadequate farm management; and plant physiological characteristics". The identified strategies were also categorized into three factors, including: "supply of inputs and infrastructures; financial support; and provision of research, extension and educational services". Improving the performance and efficiency of the Agricultural Insurance Fund, proper training of rapeseed field management by experts, and supplying and injecting special machinery for the agricultural sector are some of the suggestions that the results of this study offers to develop rapeseed cultivation in Alborz province.
Original Research
Geography and plan
Maryam Ghasemi; Horeyeh Havayei; Zahra mozaffari
Abstract
Water, as an essential element of life and a common feature of the challenges of sustainable development, is the source of the multifaceted crisis of the next half century. Given the importance of water in agricultural development as well as the reduction of water resources in recent years, the restoration ...
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Water, as an essential element of life and a common feature of the challenges of sustainable development, is the source of the multifaceted crisis of the next half century. Given the importance of water in agricultural development as well as the reduction of water resources in recent years, the restoration of sustainable water resources / aqueducts is essential. Since the optimal performance of the aqueduct requires the participation of shareholders in maintaining and rehabilitating it, the present study tries to identify and present the desired implementation strategies to increase the participation of shareholders in rehabilitating the aqueduct with the help of strategic planning tools. The research method is descriptive-analytical and two SWOT-QSPM tools have been used. The Farmers and Experts Analysis Unit is familiar with the internal and external environment of the aqueduct in connection with the research subject in five villages of the central part and Zirkhan of Neishabour city, which have succeeded in reviving their aqueducts. The sampling method was snowball. Based on exploratory studies, 13 strengths and opportunities were identified as advantages and 16 weaknesses and threats were identified as constraints and bottlenecks in the participation of shareholders in rehabilitating the aqueducts. Identified, questioned on the Likert scale. The results showed that in the SWOT matrix according to the shareholder share of the farmer. IFE = 2.8 and EFE = 2, and the share of shareholder experts. -At least) was found to be optimal. With the help of the Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix (QSPM), the most important strategy is "Recognition of assistance in the field of rehabilitation and maintenance of the aqueduct by the government", which has a score of 5.59. It seems that if the necessary ground is provided for the participation of the beneficiaries in the rehabilitation of the aqueducts and their true position is recognized, and the culture of assistance is recognized among them, the sustainable and optimal rehabilitation and maintenance and operation of the aqueducts with the least We will see the cost.
Original Research
Agricultural Extension and Education
Mehdi Nooripoor; Majid Sedaghati; Mahboubeh Asimeh
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate and analyze the effects of targeted subsidies in the agricultural sector of Choram County located in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad provinces. The statistical population of the study was 2528 farmers in the central part of Choram County. The approach in this study ...
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The aim of this study was to investigate and analyze the effects of targeted subsidies in the agricultural sector of Choram County located in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad provinces. The statistical population of the study was 2528 farmers in the central part of Choram County. The approach in this study was integrated (qualitative-quantitative). In the qualitative section, data were first collected through in-depth interviews with informed farmers. Data analysis technique in this section, content analysis and the studied sample were selected using purposive sampling until reaching theoretical saturation of 39 people. In the quantitative part of the research, in order to obtain a more comprehensive view of the subsidy targeting plan in the agricultural sector and to understand its effects, secondary data were collected before and after the subsidy targeting. Data analysis in this section was performed with SPSS software. The results of content analysis in the form of three stages of open, axial and selective coding showed that five categories of factors (increase in production costs of agricultural products, increase in economic costs of farmers, decrease in quality of life of farmers, Optimization in the consumption of energy carriers and reduction of environmental pollution) has been of the most important effects of targeted subsidies. The results comparison mean level under cultivation and the yield of agricultural products before and after the targeting of subsidies also showed that level under the cultivation of tomato and green cucumber after targeting subsidies was significantly higher than before and the level under cultivation of rice and wheat crops has decreased, also tomato, rain fed barley and watermelon yielded significantly more than before, while in other products there was no significant statistical difference between the level under the cultivation and yield. Therefore, according to the results of the research, the plan to target agricultural subsidies has not had the desired effect on the agricultural sector. Therefore, it is suggested that the relevant authorities, such as the Ministry of Jihad for Agriculture and the organizations sponsoring pricing, put on the agenda the mechanisms needed to reduce the prices of production inputs and energy carriers.
Original Research
Geography and plan
Behroz mohamadi yeganeh; Manijeh ahmadi; Mahdi cheraghi; mina soltani
Abstract
AbstractHousing in rural areas has a special role in meeting basic human needs. Considering the various functions of rural housing, it is important to study the impact of various factors on how it changes and evolves. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of lifestyle on the physical ...
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AbstractHousing in rural areas has a special role in meeting basic human needs. Considering the various functions of rural housing, it is important to study the impact of various factors on how it changes and evolves. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of lifestyle on the physical identity of housing in rural areas. The present study was conducted in the first half of 1399 by data collection, library and field methods and using tools (questionnaire, observation); the type of research is applied and the research method is descriptive-analytical. The statistical population of the research is the households of the villages of Gozeldareh rural district, which in the 1395 census has eight inhabited villages: including 1451 households and 4864 people. Among households, 305 households were selected using the Cochran's formula as a sample and from each village, based on the percentage of households, a number of samples were completed to complete a questionnaire and simple random sampling. The method of data analysis was quantitative and using descriptive statistics (mean, frequency percentage and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (path analysis). According to this; in the physical dimension of index housing (adequacy of housing for rest) with an average of 3.27% and in the dimension of attachment to the index place (villagers' efforts to resolve social disputes) with an average of 3.77% is the most important. According to the results of the inferential test, the dimensions of lifestyle as an independent variable and housing identity as a dependent variable, and among the dimensions of lifestyle, the dimension of spiritual health with the highest beta (0.494) is the most influential factor. The main proposal of the present study is to provide housing rehabilitation credit facilities taking into account the living needs of the villagers.
Original Research
Rural Development
Mahdi Babaeian; Abolfazl Tavassoli; Mohamad hosein salehi
Abstract
This research examines the energy use patterns and greenhouse gas emission of sugar beet farms in Hossein abad village of Shirvan city, in 2017-18. Data were collected by using a face-to-face questionnaire. Farms were selected with a random sampling method. In this study, the inputs in the calculation ...
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This research examines the energy use patterns and greenhouse gas emission of sugar beet farms in Hossein abad village of Shirvan city, in 2017-18. Data were collected by using a face-to-face questionnaire. Farms were selected with a random sampling method. In this study, the inputs in the calculation of energy use include: human labor, machinery, diesel fuel, chemical fertilizers, farmyard manure, biocides, electricity, water and the output in the calculation of total output energy include plant yield. The results indicated that total energy inputs were 66879.92 MJ ha-1and outputs 1310572.50 MJ ha-1. Of the total energy consumption in sugar beet production, 38.39% is related to the use of chemical fertilizers, 25.95% is related to diesel and 12.69% is related to electricity. Energy use efficiency of 19.59 and energy productivity of 0.72 kg MJ ha-1 were recorded. Chemicals, fuel and electricity played the largest role among energy inputs in beet farms. CO2, N2O and CH4 emissions were 2463.26, 21.02 and 3.26 kg ha-1, respectively. And the amount of global warming potential of these gases was calculated as 9048.85 CO2eq ha-1, of which 0.76% was related to CH4, 27.22% was related to CO2 and 72.02% was related to N2O.
Original Research
Geography and plan
Shahram Amir Entekhabi; Hadi Gharagozloo; Eyvaz Amini
Abstract
The master plan is an official document for the physical development of rural settlements. It can play a special and effective role in the development of the country's villages and improving the lives of the villagers, have less attention to its effects on the quality of life of residents. Therefore, ...
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The master plan is an official document for the physical development of rural settlements. It can play a special and effective role in the development of the country's villages and improving the lives of the villagers, have less attention to its effects on the quality of life of residents. Therefore, in the present study, an attempt has been made to study and evaluate the effects of the implementation of the pilot project on improving the quality of life of rural communities. The statistical population of the study included all inhabited villages (49 villages) in Khalajistan district. 10 villages were selected from two groups with project implementation and no project implementation as a statistical sample by "probabilistic classification" method. To measure quality of life, 38 items from four dimensions (environmental, economic, social and physical) were selected as criteria. Data were collected through a questionnaire and analyzed in SPSS software by Mann-Whitney test and the effect. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by several professors and rural planning experts and its reliability was calculated by SPSS software and its rate was 0.78. The results of calculating the effect show that the implementation of the project in the physical dimension, had the most effect (0.67) and the economic dimension had the least effect (0.30) in the villages with the implementation of the project. To classify the severity of the effect according to Cohen's criterion, the effect on each of the environmental, economic and social dimensions was moderate, and on the physical dimension was high. Therefore, there is a significant difference between the two groups in physical, environmental, social and economic dimensions. Also, the implementation of the plan had the greatest effect on the physical dimension and the least effect on the economic dimension. According to Cohen's criterion, the amount of effect in the physical dimension was "high" and in the environmental, social and economic dimensions was "moderate". Therefore, in order to prepare and implement development plans and projects, attention should be paid to the capabilities of the villages and proper knowledge of the people and the region.
Original Research
Agri Eco.
fatemeh Rastegaripoor; Amir Salari; fatemeh azizzadeh
Abstract
Water crisis worldwide and nationwide is serious and critical; therefore, water management in urban, agricultural and industrial areas is regarded as an update issue; however, due to maximum use of water in agriculture, management of irrigation water used for agricultural products has become more important ...
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Water crisis worldwide and nationwide is serious and critical; therefore, water management in urban, agricultural and industrial areas is regarded as an update issue; however, due to maximum use of water in agriculture, management of irrigation water used for agricultural products has become more important requiring programming and altering irrigation water consumption pattern to enhance the efficiency of irrigation water. Accordingly, in this study the indicator of virtual water of sugar beet is measured in Torbat Heydariyeh. The data and statistics were gathered from agricultural Jihad organization, meteorological organization, and ministry of energy during 2011 to 2019. The model used is ecological water footprint index and other related indicators.The results showed that the amount of virtual sugar beet in normal state was 1.2 m3 / kg and with 35% efficiency was 3.4 m3 / kg. The total amount of virtual water from sugar beet exports from Khorasan Razavi province has been increasing over the years. The green water footprint in sugar beet production is 265 million cubic meters per year, which is about 0.14 of the total water footprint calculated. Also, white water footprint in sugar beet production is 950 million cubic meters per year, which is about 52% of the total estimated water footprint, which is due to the low efficiency of irrigation systems in the region. The higher share of blue footprint than green footprint indicates that there is less rain benefit and greater evapotranspiration. Therefore, using irrigation systems with higher efficiency and reducing sugar beet spring sowing area is recommended in Torbat Heydarieh city.
Original Research
Agricultural Extension and Education
Tooba Abedi; Masomeh Hosseini
Abstract
Identification of stakeholders and local communities to determine their awareness about wetlands is essential according to the objectives of the Communication, Education, Participation and Public Awareness (CEPA) program. To plan and take the necessary measures for the conservation and wisely use of ...
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Identification of stakeholders and local communities to determine their awareness about wetlands is essential according to the objectives of the Communication, Education, Participation and Public Awareness (CEPA) program. To plan and take the necessary measures for the conservation and wisely use of wetlands need to participation of local communities and their awareness raising. The statistical population of this study was 8 villages of rural municipality households of Amirkelaye Wetland, which were selected by available sampling method. The 108 questionnaires were distributed using a sample size based on the number of households in each village in summer 2020. The research methodology is conducted in a descriptive and analytical manner, so that at the descriptive stage, the present situation is identified and in the process of work, using statistical analysis. Variables were source of taking information about the wetlands, knowledge about wetland functions and treated factors and the measures to protect the wetland. The results showed that the above variables did not show significant differences between villages (p < 0.05). But there was a significant difference between the dependent variable of public awareness and the above independent variables.