Rural Development Strategies

Abstract Rural entrepreneurship studies show that the success and development of rural entrepreneurship is mainly influenced by various key drivers. It is necessary to identify them in the future with a forward-looking approach from the point of view of exploiting the opportunities. Because their identification shows the sustainable future prospects of rural entrepreneurship in reducing poverty in rural areas. Considering the importance of this issue, the current research analyzed the key drivers of individual and local success and development in rural adopting a future research approach in 1403. The current research is applied in terms of purpose and mixed method (quantitative and qualitative). The statistical population of this research consists of experts in rural entrepreneurship issues and managers of rural businesses in Zahedan city.A total of 30 experts were selected through non-probability sampling method using purposive sampling and achieving theoretical saturation. To collect data and information a mutual effects questionnaire and structured interviews were used in alignment with the research models and objectives. Structural model and MICMAC software were used to analyze data and information. The results of the research showed that family wealth (i.e. distribution of assets to children; inheritance) with a net effect value (18+), personal investment in entrepreneurship with a net effect value (18+), the role of rural culture in starting and running a business and work (11+), receiving financial aid through loans (5+), individual ability and motivation in starting a business (4+), using the values of rural culture for entrepreneurship (4+), having start-up skills Entrepreneurship (3+) and education about starting and managing businesses with a net impact value (3+) are the most important individual and local key drivers of the success and efficiency of rural entrepreneurship in the rural areas of Zahedan. This study suggests that a supportive environment be created in the villages of the study area to facilitate access for rural entrepreneurs. For example, by creating a specialized fund for rural entrepreneurs, their financial problems and challenges can be partially resolved.

Abstract The dependence of agriculture on environmental conditions has caused the activity in this sector to face natural and unnatural risks. Due to the progress of science and the use of advanced technologies in agriculture, most of the farmers in Iran still use their knowledge based on past experiences and advanced technology. It is very important to use agricultural consulting services and new knowledge in this field to minimize the losses of gardeners caused by natural and unnatural hazards. In this study, in a quantitative framework and in the structure of econometric models, while analyzing farmers' behavior towards the willingness to accept agricultural consulting services, an effort was made to establish the necessary knowledge of factors affecting the willingness to accept agricultural consulting services by pistachio farmers of Sabzevar city. In this regard, the logit model was used to investigate the factors affecting the acceptance of agricultural consulting services in Sabzevar city. 280 pistachio gardeners in Sabzevar city were selected by random sampling and all questionnaires were completed through face-to-face interviews in 2018. The estimation results showed that the variables of the gardener's age, the gardener's residence, the amount of yield and the total number of hours of water available to the gardener in a year have a positive sign. Also, the variables of the number of employed members of the household, the horticultural experience of gardeners, the connection of the gardener's educational field with agriculture and the frequency of risk incurred by each gardener had a negative sign. According to the results, suggestions such as the necessary measures to strengthen the functions of promotion and agricultural consultations were presented considering the high risk conditions in agriculture and their high impact on the economic efficiency of farmers.

Abstract One of the key actions of the planners of Fars province in order to help the nomadic community is the preparation and implementation of 812 pasture plans. With these interpretations, the main goal of the present quantitative and applied research, which was conducted using a combination of descriptive-analytical and survey methods, is to identify areas susceptible to the construction of nomadic ecotourism settlements among 812 rangeland management plans prepared in Fars Province in 2024. 18 key criteria were used for zoning and for data analysis, weighted overlap method and Sum operator were used in GIS software. The results showed that in terms of the ability to build nomadic ecotourism residences from the entire geographical area of Fars province: about 0.01 of its area is at a very unsuitable level; 20.99% is in an inappropriate level, 54.6% is in an average level, 21.16% is in a suitable level and 3.23% is in a very suitable level. Also, the results showed that out of the 812 grassland designs studied, 44 designs are in the completely suitable area, 178 designs are in the suitable area, 498 designs are in the medium area, 92 designs are in the unsuitable area and none of the designs are in the completely unsuitable are and the counties of Mamsani, Farashband and Lamerd have the highest capacity in terms of the construction of nomadic ecotourism residences respectively with 14, 7 and 5 selected projects. It is proposed that all activities related to the development of ecotourism resorts be carried out in 44 selected projects.

Abstract In the past few decades, with the increase in population, industrialization of societies, change in lifestyle and increasing variety of human needs, the amount of production of waste materials has increased with negative effects on human health and the environment. In this regard, the present research was conducted with the aim of identifying and analyzing the problems of rural waste management in the villages of Miami city (1402), in order to have a comprehensive understanding of the obstacles, problems and limitations that cause the unfavorable management of rural waste in the studied area. and this all-round understanding of the current situation is the basis for adopting targeted programs to remove obstacles and correct management of rural waste among the studied villages. This research is practical in terms of the method of collecting field data and in terms of descriptive-analytical method. The statistical population of this study included villagers, council members and residents of villages in Miami city, 380 people were selected using the Cochran formula. Data analysis was done using Spss software in the form of exploratory factor analysis. Currently, rural waste management is very sensitive and significant for improving the living environment of villages and preventing environmental, cultural, social, etc. The results obtained from the exploratory factor analysis showed that in total eight factors of cultural (variance percentage 18.8), sanitary(variance percentage 11.9), disposal management (variance percentage 10.0), facilities and equipment (variance percentage 7.9), awareness (variance percentage 6.1), educational (variance percentage 5.8), inappropriate location (variance percentage 4.9) and environmental (variance percentage 4.6) account for 70% of the total variance of factors related to rural waste management problems. Planning for proper waste management and paying attention to the harmful effects of waste on the environment is one of the essential principles in order to ensure the long-term benefits of sustainable development of the country. In conclusion, composting is proposed as a low-cost and effective solution for managing organic waste in rural communities, increasing public knowledge about waste separation and the importance of recycling through educational programs and information sessions, and developing infrastructure with the aim of reducing environmental impacts, increasing economi,

Abstract Technologies are the most efficient factor in improving the efficiency and effectiveness of other production resources. In recent years, technology managers have tried to pave the way for the growth and development of emerging technologies in the target society by relying on governance functions. This research aimed to develop an appropriate governance model for the development of emerging technologies in Iran's rural production centers, and was conducted using a survey method and structural equation modeling in 1402. The statistical population of the research was 456 agricultural technology activists, of whom 314 were surveyed nationwide using a stratified random sampling method, based on the Morgan and Krejci table.Data collection was carried out using a questionnaire whose form validity was confirmed through convergent and divergent validity and expert opinion surveys, and its reliability was confirmed by examining the research model, calculating the extracted variance, and composite reliability. Pearson correlation coefficient (rs < 0.451 < 0.131) showed that there is a positive and significant relationship at the 99% level between governance indicators for the development of emerging technologies, and examining the relationships between latent and manifest variables and calculating factor loadings showed that the indicators of attention to sustainability in rural and agricultural production (0.808), transparency of programs and policies (0.786), foresight (0.773), legality (0.770), and development of infrastructure in rural-production centers (0.764) have the greatest impact on the developed governance model. The overall evaluation of the research model based on the GOF index was 0.586, and the validity of the model was confirmed by a panel of experts.Therefore, given the high speed of development of emerging agricultural technologies in industrialized countries, it is appropriate for our country's rural policy-making system, with national determination and will, to pay attention to the issue of interaction between influential institutions in the development of technological agricultural units in rural production centers and, through educational and promotional programs and the formulation of specific support policies in the target community, to introduce the capabilities and capacities of technological, modern, and advanced agriculture in the issue of technological development

Abstract This study was conducted in 2024 with the aim of investigating effective strategies for developing insurance for the strategic product of dates and its role in the sustainability of rural settlements in the southern part of Bam Pasht, Saravan County. Therefore, it is an applied study with an interpretive and analytical nature, and methodologically, it falls within the group of qualitative and quantitative research. In this study,the statistical population was divided into two groups: experts and local residents. For the expert section,30 individuals were selected using purposive sampling to leverage their experience and expertise.For the local residents section, whose population totaled25,026 people, a sample size of 384 individuals was determined using Cochran's formula and random sampling, so that the obtained results could be generalized to the entire population. Grounded Theory and SPSS software were used to analyze the data. The results of the qualitative phase extracted the following as effective strategies for developing insurance for the strategic date product: strengthening the decentralized structure in agricultural product insurance, adopting compulsory agricultural product insurance, agricultural risk management, enhancing farmers' satisfaction with the insurance fund, raising awareness about the importance of the strategic date product and the objectives of insurance, participatory management, continuous monitoring and encouragement, and the sustainability of insurance and agricultural products. In the quantitative phase,the results of the Spearman correlation test for economic, social, physical, and environmental indicators, with a correlation coefficient obtained at a significance level of 0.000, indicated a positive and significant relationship between the indicators and the proposed strategies. Furthermore, regression results showed that 95% of the changes in the dependent variable(sustainability of rural settlements)were explained by the eight proposed strategies.The share of the 'strategic date product risk management' strategy in predicting changes in the dependent variable(sustainability of rural settlements)was greater than that of other components. Based on path analysis, the direct effects of each proposed strategy on the sustainability of rural settlements in the southern part were greater than their indirect effects.Among the proposed strategies, 'agricultural risk management' and 'enhancing farmers' satisfaction with the insurance fund' had the greatest direct effect, with a value of 0.145.

Abstract the present study examined the status of food diversity in rural areas of Iran in 2023. To achieve this goal, the study first examined the pattern of household food consumption in rural areas of the country, calculated the food diversity index of these areas, and drew a food diversity map of rural areas of Iran. Next, the relationship between food diversity and underlying economic, social, and climatic indicators in various provinces was analyzed. The results showed that the dietary pattern of families in rural areas of Iran mainly consists of various types of cereals, providing more than 60% of an adult's daily energy. The share of cereals in contributing to daily caloric intake is 50 percent globally and 30 percent in high-income countries. The optimal food basket recommended by the Ministry of Health of Iran suggests that cereals and their derivatives should account for approximately 50 percent of daily caloric needs. However, in 29 out of the country's 31 provinces, cereal consumption exceeds the recommended amount. According to the Berry Dietary Diversity Index (BDDI), the dietary diversity situation in rural areas of all provinces in the country is at an undesirable level (BDDI average =0.578). Provinces with more favorable infrastructure, economic, and social indicators tend to have more appropriate food diversity, with average BDDIs of 0.515, 0.479, and 0.596, respectively. A study of the food diversity situation in Iran's four climates also revealed that provinces located in temperate and humid climates have more appropriate food diversity, with an average BDDI of 0.591. In contrast, provinces located in hot and dry climates have less appropriate food diversity conditions, with an average BDDI of 0.556. According to the results, it is suggested that the BDDI index be used as a tool for prioritizing target areas.

Abstract One of the most important criteria for measuring the degree of development of a country is the level of women's activity in the country. Ultimately lead to increasing and improving productivity in agriculture and thus increasing the welfare and comfort of rural society. This study compares the activities of women in the plains and foothills with emphasis on sustainable rural livelihoods in the villages of Hatkeh Savadkuh and Bishehsar in Ghaemshahr. The research method was descriptive and analytical and applied and based on Cochran's formula, 331 researcher-made questionnaires were completed from rural households and analyzed using Friedman, Chi-square, Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis statistical tests. The results show that in the field of hairdressing jobs, staffing, labor and stay in the village, sudden seasonal losses, school-related meetings and participation in village elections have become quite significant. The difference in income and area under cultivation and rice production is quite significant, but in income and area under cultivation and production of citrus and vegetables is not significant. In the field of livestock activities, there is a significant difference between the income from the sale of milk and livestock. Therefore, raising the level of education and awareness, creating and strengthening rural women's organizations, especially in the form of cooperatives and women's associations, is recommended for better exploitation and promotion of women's status.

Abstract Abstract Due to being in mountainous regions, Sarkal County has not developed much either physically or agriculturally. However, its specific climatic conditions have provided an opportunity to establish rainfed vineyards. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potentials and capability of the region for establishing rainfed vineyards as well as identify the benefits of rainfed vineyards for future planning. For this purpose, a questionnaire was prepared and sent to 83 grape growers in 31 villages. In addition, associated managers were interviewed according to 343 Kookran formula. The current study offers solutions for developing rainfed vineyards, applying the measurement method, case studies, and also enumerating the pros and cons, and opportunities as well as threats based on SWOT. As the next step, the provided solutions were prioritized based on QSPM matrix. The results showed that the solutions for developing rainfed vineyards are kind of aggressive solutions. According to the internal factors assessment Matrix, the final score of 2.52 shows that establishing and developing rainfed vineyards based on internal factors in Sarkal County is highly possible. Moreover, the external factors assessment Matrix with a total score of 3.44 shows that in the present conditions, the development of rainfed vineyards in Sarkal County reinforces the opportunities. Finally, SO6 approach titled “constructing Agro-processing industries to save the vintage and cut down the damages” was selected and introduced using QSPM matrix, which reads.

Abstract The aim of the present study, Is the nature and procedure respectively of the applied research and descriptive, Provide solutions to expand employment in the village of Badr District. The main research instrument was researcher made questionnaire and to achieve this goal, researchers have used opinions 23 expert relating to rural affairs Ravansar Township. Is used to analyze the data from the Excel software and the SWOT Model. The results showed there are in the study area 23 strength of (with a final score of 1.800) and 25 opportunities (with a final score of 1.933) for employment development. While face village of Bedar District with 35 point of weakness (with a final score of 11.946) and 16 threat (with a final score of 1.993) to develop employment. In total the results showed, According to the Preponderance weaknesses and threats on the strengths and opportunities in the study area, there is Defensive strategy (WT), priority employment development strategies in village of Badr District. Therefore, is necessary for provide solutions development employment In rural areas in the study area, Weaken the Internal weaknesses (such as lack of initial capital available to villagers With The final weight 0.136, There Fixer and intermediaries With The final weight 0.105) and External threats (such as limited capital in the hands of villagers With final weight 0.272 and Rising production costs with the final weight 0.262), Which have the greatest weight. Finally, According to research findings, was developed to promote employment in the village of Badr district, Practical and effective solutions, which have been the main focus on the Limiting the identified weaknesses and threats.

Abstract The ability of rural and nomadic communities of Iran to survive has long been dependent upon rangelands. Climatic, ethnic and tribal diversity has led to traditional rangeland-based husbandry systems that have their own calendar and animal husbandry methods in different regions of Iran. In this study surveying husbandry regime and financial balance of traditional rangeland-based husbandry systems were carried out in Baladeh-Nour (part of Central Alborz rangelands). After the initial assessment, three herders who were representative cases were identified within certain rangelands (Davilat, Chell & Baladeh). Monitoring their activities of animal husbandry and financial balance analysis was carried out in a period of one year. Field survey was done from April 2012 to  April 2013. The researcher was involved in rangeland areas at intervals of 15 days and all of the details of livestock and husbandry activities were recorded. The results showed that in this area traditional husbandry system has 5 different work seasons in each year. For financial balance of traditional husbandry systems, all of the costs and revenues were calculated during the year. The results showed that considering the financial value of the lambs, there was a daily net profit of 707460 Rials in Davilat, 696400 Rials in Chell and 814220 Rials in Baladeh had daily net profit. Eventually, it was important in this research to learn more about traditional husbandry in rural communities to increase the efficiency of livestock husbandry, to maintain active labor in rural communities and to prevent rural migration to cities.

Abstract Promotion in rural tourism, based on sustainable tourism development and using tourism as the economic engine of the region to improve life quality, is one of the most important issues that needs to apply appropriate and rational strategies, fit to the regional and local capabilities and the direction of spatial analysis. This study aims to explore strategies of rural tourism development in the Gaykan village, which is one of the target tourism villages in Aligoodarz County. The research method is descriptive- analytical which uses questionnaire to collect data. Sample data were about 184 people in the geographical area. Cochran formula was used to estimate the number of sample data. Sampling method is random and stratified sampling. In order to analysis and prioritize tourism development strategies, we used SWOT analysis model. The results show that, considering the evaluation of internal and external factors, Invasive strategy (max - max) has been identified as an optimal strategy towards achieving tourism development in Gaykan village.