Rural Development
Fahimifard Fahimifard; Bahman Bazgir
Abstract
In this research transfer and distribution risks of natural gas to rural regions were assessed, evaluated and prioritized, then solutions of their hedging were provided for the case study of Hormozgan province gas company (HPGC). In order to collect the data, designed questionnaires were distributed ...
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In this research transfer and distribution risks of natural gas to rural regions were assessed, evaluated and prioritized, then solutions of their hedging were provided for the case study of Hormozgan province gas company (HPGC). In order to collect the data, designed questionnaires were distributed between chosen sample (using snowball sampling) of expert of gas industry especially in Hormozgan province and 17 questionnaires completed and received. Also, in order to data analyzing, the Delphi technique, analytical hierarchy process (AHP), DEMATEL technique and analytical network process (ANP) were applied. The findings reveal a total of 31 risks distributed across five primary criteria in the transfer and distribution of natural gas to rural areas. With the exceptions of "change in domestic investment rules" and "change in technology," which fall under the yellow (precautionary) category, all other evaluated risks are classified as red (high-risk). Notably, the primary risk criteria in natural gas transfer and distribution to rural regions, ranked in descending order, are "Managerial/organizational," "Economic," "Legal and political," "Environmental," and "Technical." In addition, between risk sub-criteria: "non-adequacy of professional employees", "liquidity lack", "HSE inefficiency", "budget absorption", "managers' unsuitable performance and decisions", "price fluctuations", "economic sanctions", "inefficient scheduling", "fatal events" and "exchange rate fluctuations", are prior. Finally solutions of hedging natural gas transfer and distribution to rural regions by HPGC based on their priority were provided.
Economics
mohammad Mowlaei; Zohre Rahimi Rad
Abstract
Poverty is an undesirable economic and social phenomenon and one of the important causes of poverty is unfair distribution of income amongst the people. The governments should adopt suitable policies for eradication of poverty in the society. In this study, the poverty line of Iran's rural households ...
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Poverty is an undesirable economic and social phenomenon and one of the important causes of poverty is unfair distribution of income amongst the people. The governments should adopt suitable policies for eradication of poverty in the society. In this study, the poverty line of Iran's rural households is estimated by the theory of relative habit of formation of linear expenditure system (RHLES) and by using data of household's expenditure for 8 commodity groups over the periods of 1989-2013. Then, the position of poverty in rural regions is calculated by the indicators of headcount ratio, poverty gap and Foster, Greer and Thorbecke (FGT). The results of the study show that although the poverty line (minimum subsistence quantity) in Iran's rural households has had an average growth of about 21.3 percent, the value of poverty indices are reduced during the five economic development plans. Thus, we may conclude that the government policies for the reduction of relative poverty in rural regions have been successful.
