Agri Eco.
Fatemeh Moazzezi; Saeed Yazdani
Abstract
Today, in order to provide food security and respond to the increasing demand due to population growth, most countries, including Iran, have paid special attention to wheat production. The adoption of incentive policies by governments to increase the production of this product has led to the widespread ...
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Today, in order to provide food security and respond to the increasing demand due to population growth, most countries, including Iran, have paid special attention to wheat production. The adoption of incentive policies by governments to increase the production of this product has led to the widespread use of various production inputs, including chemical fertilizers, which have the possibility of soil and water pollution. The increase of these pollutions has caused a change of attitude in the field of food production. One of the most important of these attitudes is the sustainable production of sufficient food along with attention to social, economic and environmental dimensions. Therefore, in order to achieve this goal, it is necessary to optimize and increase the environmental efficiency and cost in the consumption of chemical fertilizer inputs. For this purpose, this study has investigated the cost and environmental efficiency of wheat farmers in Gachsaran using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method. The required data were obtained using simple random sampling method and completing the questionnaire from the farmers of Lishter Plain in Gachsaran in 2018. The results showed that the average cost efficiency under the assumption of constant return to scale and variable return to scale is 0.536 and 0.662, respectively, and the average environmental efficiency is 0.569 and 0.691, respectively. Therefore, the improvement in technical efficiency can significantly reduce production costs and environmental inefficiencies for farmers. Therefore, it is recommended that the government, in addition to training farmers in the optimal use of chemical inputs, by applying support policies, encourages wheat farmers towards organic cultivation and production so that while providing their income, a healthier product reaches the hands of consumers and improves their environmental performance.
Agricultural Extension and Education
KhodaAfv Rashednasab; Mostafa Ahmadvand
Abstract
Climate change, including drought, has caused nomadic communities of the country to collapse. However, this productive society contributes significantly to the sustainability of livestock production. If the livelihoods of nomadic societies are not diversified, food security of other sectors of the society ...
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Climate change, including drought, has caused nomadic communities of the country to collapse. However, this productive society contributes significantly to the sustainability of livestock production. If the livelihoods of nomadic societies are not diversified, food security of other sectors of the society will be compromised. Therefore, the main question of the research is “what are the strategies for the development of livelihoods of nomads in the Gachsaran County?” This descriptive-analytic research is an applied approach that uses the SWOT technique to explain the strategies for improving livelihood in nomads in the Gachsaran County. Therefore, the SWOT analysis was conducted with the experts of the Kohgiluyeh & Boyer-Ahmad Nomad Affairs Organization. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with participants who had detailed knowledge about nomads situation of the Gachsaran County. For this purpose, the participant group consisted of all experts in the organization (12 persons) who participated in the study. The results showed that the total weight of internal factors evaluation matrix for internal factors tribes was 3.68. While external factors was 3.32 based on the results of the final weight. The findings indicated that the nomads weaknesses compared to the strengths of the total weight had more that is required to plan to minimize weaknesses and maximum use of opportunities to eliminate weaknesses. Matrix IE, defensive strategy (WT) takes into account and identifies the first strategic planning process for the development of the nomadic society of the Gachsaran county. Through this, it has to be specified that codification of the strategy has to be in accordance with the internal strengths and external factors of threats. Finally, in order to improve livelihood of this group, making a preparatory plan to identify the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats specific to each system of tribal community with the participation of nomads and planners is recommended.
