vakil heidari sarban; ali majnoni
Abstract
Considering the importance of preserving the environment of tourist villages, the present study aimed to investigate the role of tourism development in promoting environmental knowledge in the villages of the Qhale Chaei touristic road of Ajbashir. The research is in terms of purpose, developmental, ...
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Considering the importance of preserving the environment of tourist villages, the present study aimed to investigate the role of tourism development in promoting environmental knowledge in the villages of the Qhale Chaei touristic road of Ajbashir. The research is in terms of purpose, developmental, in nature, descriptive and also causal and analytical. The statistical population of the study is resident villages of nine villages of this road. Using a simple random sampling method, 370 people were selected based on Cochran formula. The factual validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by experts. Using the Cronbach Alpha Special Formula, the reliability of the research questionnaire was 0/887. For data analysis, Pearson correlation test and multivariate regression test and path analysis using PLS software were used. Prioritization of villages using Promethee, Vicore, ANP and Kaplend models has been used. The results of the research in relation to environmental awareness show that all variables of ecological balance protection of the village, vegetation and animal protection, drought control, noise pollution, water and soil conservation, use of organic farming, reduction of fuel use There is a significant relationship between fossil fuels, the principle of landfill of wastes, the non-use of non-renewable waste, the management of biological crisis and the restoration and restoration of damaged environment. Also, based on the results of multi-attribute models, Tapic Dare village has the highest priority and the village of Qozelga has the least priority in terms of environmental knowledge of villagers. Finally, according to the research findings, it is suggested that use of rural tourism functions in environmental protection
Rural Development
hojat vahdati; mehrdad naserpoor
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the impact of new handicrafts manufacturing capability on the impact of the development of target markets in Lorestan province. The present study will use descriptive, analytical research methods. This research is also applied-developmental in terms of ...
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The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the impact of new handicrafts manufacturing capability on the impact of the development of target markets in Lorestan province. The present study will use descriptive, analytical research methods. This research is also applied-developmental in terms of purpose. The statistical population of the study consisted of 620 experts, experts and researchers in handicrafts in Lorestan province. The sample size was selected by random sampling based on Cochran formula. The research instrument consisted of a researcher-made questionnaire on modern craftsmanship capabilities, production leap and target market development, with 32 questions. The validity of the questionnaire was formal, which was confirmed by experts and professors, and its reliability based on Cronbach's alpha was 0.82. Data analysis is based on structural equation analysis in AMOS software. The results indicate that the new handicraft production capability has been influenced by the mediating role of target markets in Lorestan province, and that the new handicraft capability has affected the production capability with a coefficient of impact. 0.16, new handicraft capabilities, affecting the development of target markets, with an impact factor of 0.13, the development of target markets, affecting the output jump with an impact factor of 0.36.
Rural Development
Homayon Farhadian; mina hoseinian
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the amount of economic, social, psychological, and family empowerment of rural women who are member in the microfinance credits in Sistan area in 2017. The main research tool was a researcher-made questionnaire which its validity was confirmed. The statistical ...
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The aim of this study was to investigate the amount of economic, social, psychological, and family empowerment of rural women who are member in the microfinance credits in Sistan area in 2017. The main research tool was a researcher-made questionnaire which its validity was confirmed. The statistical population of the study included 318 rural women who were members of Sistan microfinance credits. According to Morgan table, 170 subjects were selected through random cluster sampling. The results of data analysis indicated that the lowest power of the subjects was in the family dimension and their maximum power was psychological. In addition to, the economic, social, psychological, family, and the general empowerment of subjects in the role of the head of household were significantly more than those who were not head of household. Besides, there were a positive and significant correlation between variables economic, psychological and total empowerment of subjects and numbers of loan received by them. Moreover, the variables of times of receiving loan and income rate explained 31.2% of the changes in the total empowerment of the subjects. Encouragment of rural women to gain loan in order to improvement of business is one of the suggestions of the study.
Rural Development
seyed Ali Darijani; hengame hendizadeh; alireza karbasi
Abstract
Equivalent scale is a good solution to this problem and provides an indicator for comparing the well-being of households with the number of different members. Equivalent scale indicates how much extra money is needed to increase the size of a household so that it can be as comfortable as a reference ...
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Equivalent scale is a good solution to this problem and provides an indicator for comparing the well-being of households with the number of different members. Equivalent scale indicates how much extra money is needed to increase the size of a household so that it can be as comfortable as a reference household _a family with two children_. Since the poverty line has been growing in Khorasan Razavi in 2018 and also the poverty line in different parts of Iran is very different from each other and therefore policies to support the poor should be considered in accordance with the conditions of each region. Therefore, a study that examines poverty in this province is necessary. Data used for income and expenditure of urban and rural households in Khorasan Razavi in 2018. The results showed that first, by choosing a reference household, the number of children and the elderly has a greater effect on the poverty rate than the per capita expenditure method. A simulation was then used to examine the change in average household expenditure by changing household size and transferring children and adults to higher levels. The results showed that by changing the size of the household, reducing the size of the household, the average cost increases. Also, with the transfer of children to the adult category, the average cost decreases, while with the transfer of adults to the elderly group, the average cost increases.
Geography and plan
Maryam Ghasemi; Horeyeh Havayei; Zahra mozaffari
Abstract
Water, as an essential element of life and a common feature of the challenges of sustainable development, is the source of the multifaceted crisis of the next half century. Given the importance of water in agricultural development as well as the reduction of water resources in recent years, the restoration ...
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Water, as an essential element of life and a common feature of the challenges of sustainable development, is the source of the multifaceted crisis of the next half century. Given the importance of water in agricultural development as well as the reduction of water resources in recent years, the restoration of sustainable water resources / aqueducts is essential. Since the optimal performance of the aqueduct requires the participation of shareholders in maintaining and rehabilitating it, the present study tries to identify and present the desired implementation strategies to increase the participation of shareholders in rehabilitating the aqueduct with the help of strategic planning tools. The research method is descriptive-analytical and two SWOT-QSPM tools have been used. The Farmers and Experts Analysis Unit is familiar with the internal and external environment of the aqueduct in connection with the research subject in five villages of the central part and Zirkhan of Neishabour city, which have succeeded in reviving their aqueducts. The sampling method was snowball. Based on exploratory studies, 13 strengths and opportunities were identified as advantages and 16 weaknesses and threats were identified as constraints and bottlenecks in the participation of shareholders in rehabilitating the aqueducts. Identified, questioned on the Likert scale. The results showed that in the SWOT matrix according to the shareholder share of the farmer. IFE = 2.8 and EFE = 2, and the share of shareholder experts. -At least) was found to be optimal. With the help of the Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix (QSPM), the most important strategy is "Recognition of assistance in the field of rehabilitation and maintenance of the aqueduct by the government", which has a score of 5.59. It seems that if the necessary ground is provided for the participation of the beneficiaries in the rehabilitation of the aqueducts and their true position is recognized, and the culture of assistance is recognized among them, the sustainable and optimal rehabilitation and maintenance and operation of the aqueducts with the least We will see the cost.
Geography and plan
Vahid Riahi Riahi; Farhad Azizpour; azar nouri
Abstract
Environmental sustainability of rural settlements based on a systematic viewpoint may be defined as a realization of sustainable development in different social, economic and environmental aspects of rural areas. Achieving this goal requires that we pay more attention to effective elements and factors ...
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Environmental sustainability of rural settlements based on a systematic viewpoint may be defined as a realization of sustainable development in different social, economic and environmental aspects of rural areas. Achieving this goal requires that we pay more attention to effective elements and factors through a set of sustainability indices. This research was meant to analyze sustainable factors of rural settlement in three dimensions: environmental, social and economic context using multi-criteria decision analysis and explanation of the relationships between its active and effective factors in the rural area of the Khorramdarreh County in the province of Zanjan. The research method used is the descriptive analytic approach. Data from 287 households were sampled randomly from a total of 1143 households in the four villages including: Rahmat Abad, Alvand, Baghdareh and, Sukhariz (out of 15 villages) in the Khorramdarreh County. In the process of doing this research and after calculating the weights, the difference in the sustainability of environmental, social, economic and physical aspects in rural areas of this county have been determined. Data was collected using library and field research through questionnaires. Data analysis was performed by the One-Sample t Test and the Vikur and path analysis techniques, using statistical software SPSS. The findings show that environmental sustainability in the study area is half desirable. Among the different aspects of environmental sustainability, the most effective factors are physical, economic, social and environmental aspects, respectively. Little attention of policy-making –system to socio-cultural and environmental aspects, especially in practice, and rapid and unplanned utilization of production resources are the most important factors affecting this situation in two given dimensions. Although, in programmed documents the planning system agents emphasize on the socio-cultural sustainability - especially environmental aspects, they ignore the implementation of approved policies in action. However, the role of villagers without necessary training in rapid utilization of resources should not be neglected.
Agri Eco.
Behnaz Nejati; Mofid Shateri; Mohammad Reza Bakhshi; Ali Ashrafi
Abstract
The present study is aimed to evaluate the efficiency of Smallholding and Rural Production Cooperative Utilization Systems in crops production. The statistical population of the study is the farmers in the Khusf county of the South Khorasan province. This study is applied in purpose and analytical in ...
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The present study is aimed to evaluate the efficiency of Smallholding and Rural Production Cooperative Utilization Systems in crops production. The statistical population of the study is the farmers in the Khusf county of the South Khorasan province. This study is applied in purpose and analytical in nature. It uses the descriptive –analytical method along with a survey approach. The data collection instrument was a researcher made questionnaire and the required data have been collected with a sample of 207 farmers from Smallholding and 38 farmers of Rural Production Cooperatives. The samples were selected using the stratified random sampling method and were analyzed using the data envelopment analysis method. The results indicate the relative superiority of the operating system of the cooperative production versus the Smallholding utilization system based on the technical efficiency measures and scale efficiency. The average technical efficiency and scale in the operating system of cooperative production are respectively 0.98, 0.94 and in the Smallholding utilization system respectively 0.65 and 0.81, respectively. The Mann - Whitney test showed the average yield and net income of crops in rural production cooperatives is more and significantly difference from Smallholding utilization system. Overall, the results indicate the relative superiority of cooperative farming to smallholder system based on technical and economic efficiency criteria.
Agricultural Extension and Education
Mahdi Javanshiri; Khadijeh Bozarjomehri; Omolbanin Harati; Hamideh Mahmoudi
Abstract
Not so long ago, the main obstacle to the development of undeveloped countries was thought to be the lack of capital. However, today it is believed that capital is a necessary condition for development, but not the sufficient one. Therefore, one of the strategies to achieve economic development is to ...
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Not so long ago, the main obstacle to the development of undeveloped countries was thought to be the lack of capital. However, today it is believed that capital is a necessary condition for development, but not the sufficient one. Therefore, one of the strategies to achieve economic development is to make use of an efficient financial system to circulate stagnant capitals in the community. Accordingly, micro-credits were introduced in developing countries over the past 30 years, aiming to provide low-income groups with financial services. These funds are used to provide villagers with loans, particularly those who are active in production. The availability of liquidity helps villagers meet their financial needs and start a production process and get agricultural products for plantings. The study also aimed to examine the role of microcredits in rural development, with emphasis on the impact of geographical factors in attracting such funds in mountainous and plain rural area of the Mashhad County. This study is an applied research carried out in a descriptive-analytical method. Based on Cochran's formula, 207 rural households were selected. The ratio of households in each area was also calculated by Cochran's formula to be a total of 90 households from mountainous areas, and 118 households from plain areas that were selected. The required data were collected from library sources and the survey (questionnaires) among the households that received the funds. The results showed that the effectiveness of microcredits is not significantly different in mountainous and plain areas. However, there is a significant difference between the two areas considering the difficulties and satisfaction level of villagers in getting the loans, such that villagers in plain areas were more satisfied than those in mountainous areas.
Rural Development
morad keikhorsavi; Sahar Dehyouri; Seyed Mehdi Mirdamadi
Abstract
Modeling the levels of agricultural development is an effective tool in creating sufficient knowledge of the land and the spatial distribution of its development. Therefore, this study aimed to model the levels of agricultural development in rural areas of Hamadan and Kermanshah provinces in 1399-1400. ...
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Modeling the levels of agricultural development is an effective tool in creating sufficient knowledge of the land and the spatial distribution of its development. Therefore, this study aimed to model the levels of agricultural development in rural areas of Hamadan and Kermanshah provinces in 1399-1400. This research is quantitative in terms of applied purpose and data analysis, done in a survey manner. The study's statistical population was rural centers of Hamedan and Kermanshah provinces, which were studied using a stratified sampling method and proportional assignment of 666 farmers from 89 rural centers. The data collection tool was a questionnaire that confirmed the validity and reliability of the questionnaire. The combined Viktor-entropy method was used to measure the degree of agricultural sustainability in the studied rural areas. Arc-GISver10.5 software was used to model sustainable agricultural development levels. The conceptual model of the research was also confirmed using AMOSver24 software. The results show that the Khorramrud villages of Tuyserkan city and the Raheb village of Kaboudar Ahang city of Hamadan province had the highest and lowest sustainability coefficients. In general, the rural areas of Hamedan and Kermanshah provinces are similar in terms of sustainable agricultural development, and there is no significant difference. Also, according to the calculations, the studied villages were divided into seven levels, which are completely unstable in rural areas. It is not located at 15 unstable levels, relatively unstable at 28 villages, stable at 33 villages, relatively stable at 11 villages, stable at two villages, and not at a completely stable level.
Agricultural Extension and Education
Seyede Shirin Golbaz; Esmaeil Karami Dehkordi
Abstract
Proper water management in orchards will make optimal use of water, soil, fertilizer resources and production of large amounts of high quality products. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to analyze adoption of the decision to apply proper irrigation in grape orchards by grape growers in the Khorramdarreh ...
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Proper water management in orchards will make optimal use of water, soil, fertilizer resources and production of large amounts of high quality products. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to analyze adoption of the decision to apply proper irrigation in grape orchards by grape growers in the Khorramdarreh Township in order to produce better high quality products through efficient use of water while saving it. This study was done using a descriptive-analytical survey. Data were collected through structured interviews with grape growers by using questionnaire tools. A sample containing 260 people of 3942 grape growers in the Khor’ramdar’reh Township were selected by the multi-level sampling method who were interviewed. The results of the comparison of knowledge, intent, and implementation of applying proper irrigation method the three groups showed that this difference exists between both group 1 (non-members in the plan) and groups 2 (the cover of Toba plan 2001-2008) and 3 (grape growers under the cover of garden development plans 2008-2011) and between groups 2 and 3. Generally, the average score of knowledge, intent, and implementation of grape growers in group 3 were higher than that of groups 1 and 2, and the average score of knowledge for group 2 was higher than that of group 1. As a result of knowledge, intent, implementation in adoption of a proper irrigation method is higher among group 3. Therefore, reforming and Improving Grape Orchard Plan has increased the adoption of a proper irrigation method by grape growers in the Khor’ramdar’reh Township.
Agricultural Extension and Education
Mehdi Charmchian Langerodi
Abstract
The development of the use of natural and biological inputs to achieve sustainable rice cultivation seems to be essential, and rice farmers must be prepared to accept sustainable and organic rice. Creating a positive attitude among rice growers about the biological inputs of rice is of paramount importance. ...
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The development of the use of natural and biological inputs to achieve sustainable rice cultivation seems to be essential, and rice farmers must be prepared to accept sustainable and organic rice. Creating a positive attitude among rice growers about the biological inputs of rice is of paramount importance. The purpose of this study was structural equation modeling of biological inputs acceptance by sari rice farmers. All rice farmers in Sari County (24502 individuals) were selected as the statistical population of the study, and 336 of them were selected as the study sample based on Cochran's formula and with random sampling method. Data collection was performed using a researcher-made questionnaire. Also, based on the average variance extracted (0.692 >AVE< 0.91) and composite reliability (0.969 >CR < 0.993), the questionnaire had a convergent validity and appropriate reliability. SPSS16 and Smart PLS2 software were used to analyze the data. The results showed that educational characteristics (with path coefficient 0.453), information characteristics (with path coefficient 0.355), social characteristics (with path coefficient 0.117), and attitude towards biological inputs (with path coefficient 0.084) had a significant positive effect on acceptance of biological inputs (p < 0.01) and 99 percent of the variance of biological input acceptance was determined by these variables. It is suggested that due to the unfavorable attitude of rice farmers towards biological inputs, rice farmers should be informed about the role of biological inputs in crop, water, soil and human health. It is better to use knowledgeable rice farmers in this regard to train other rice farmers.
Agricultural Extension and Education
Fatemeh Rastegaripour; maryam alavi; Alireza karbasi
Abstract
Giving the importance to management of agricultural units, politics decision based on cultivation method containing the goals priority of agricultural units will get important and selecting a method which can include variety of managers goals and guide them to optimum goals is so important and ...
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Giving the importance to management of agricultural units, politics decision based on cultivation method containing the goals priority of agricultural units will get important and selecting a method which can include variety of managers goals and guide them to optimum goals is so important and serious.Therefore, in this study to determine the optimum model using linear programming method (single goal) and planning CGP (Multi choice goal) have placed. Information required through completing 188 questionnaires from farmers functions two-stage cluster sampling Torbat-of-classified to 1394, respectively. The results showed that the cultivation of wheat to the primary level increased and decreased alfalfa product. Barley in small and medium-scale crop farms and large farms without change to the primary level has increased and sugar beet in small-scale farms and in the fields of medium and large scale increase is unchanged means pattern is removed. The cotton crop in small farms and farms of medium and large scale unchanged compared to the initial level decreased
Rural Development
Ali Bahrami; Noormohammad Abyar
Abstract
Agricultural development is one of the most critical strategies approaches in rural communities and agricultural development. However, the effectiveness of the strategy has been questioned by some macroeconomic policy makers and social groups. Therefore, Evaluating the socio-economic effects of agricultural ...
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Agricultural development is one of the most critical strategies approaches in rural communities and agricultural development. However, the effectiveness of the strategy has been questioned by some macroeconomic policy makers and social groups. Therefore, Evaluating the socio-economic effects of agricultural research is the first necessity to prove its valuable results. Therefore, this research was conducted with the purpose of evaluating the economic effects of the research activities, using the economic surplus analysis at the Kurdistan Agriculture and Natural Resources Research and Education Center(KANRRE), in 2021. The findings showed that investment in agricultural research increased the benefits and economic welfare of producers(farmers) and consumers of agricultural products and had positive effects on the development of the agricultural and rural sector of the province. The internal rate of return and the average benefit-cost ratio of the research activities have been evaluated as 50% and 1.7, respectively, at this research center. So, each 1 Rial invested in agricultural research has 1.7 Rials of economic benefits for those engaged in agricultural research, especially farmers as the main population of the rural communities of the province. As a result, this increase in benefits will have positive effects on the development process of the agricultural sector and rural communities. Therefore, it is suggested that the government provides the necessary platforms, taking into account its governance duties, by applying supportive policies, both from the perspective of allocating sufficient research credits and from the point of view of creating convergence among all economic policy makers of the country, to create the necessary belief in the fundamental and strategic role of agricultural research in economic and rural development
Geography and plan
saeed sajadi; hosaen karimzada
Abstract
The city and the village are not two separate and unnecessary phenomena from each other, any studies about them should pay attention to the mutual relations and connections between them. They provide the ultimate in the development of each. Small towns are considered as service centers in the development ...
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The city and the village are not two separate and unnecessary phenomena from each other, any studies about them should pay attention to the mutual relations and connections between them. They provide the ultimate in the development of each. Small towns are considered as service centers in the development and spatial evolution of the surrounding areas. Developing and strengthening small towns is considered as an important strategy in urban and rural development issues, which is often considered in order to improve the quality and standards of life in rural areas, reduce migration to large cities, and attract immigrants in small towns. Is. Small towns are very important in improving the atmosphere of the surrounding rural areas because the rural space on the one hand is affected by factors, activities and developments that occur within rural areas and on the other hand is influenced by external factors that the village and the lives of residents. They affect it. Based on this, the present study investigates the role of small towns in the spatial evolution of villages in Oraman district. The research method is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of nature of data collection and data collection is based on library studies and questionnaires. The statistical population of the study includes the head of the rural household in the study area. The number of heads of households was 1512 people, which according to the calculation of the Cochran's formula was 307, and then by applying the Cochran's correction formula, 254 heads of households were selected for the sample and questioned. In this research, SPSS software has been used. The results of one-way analysis of variance showed that the rate of development changes in rural areas has a significant relationship with the distance and their access to the city. The results of Kendall correlation test showed that there is no significant relationship and correlation between the use of cyberspace and direct visits to the city.
Agricultural Extension and Education
Bahman Khosravipour; Soheila Pourjavid
Abstract
Entrepreneurship is a process that plays a critical role in the continued growth and national development plays. Its importance to the point that economists, entrepreneurs are the engine of economic growth and development. Promote women's entrepreneurial activities, effective stimulus to growth and economic ...
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Entrepreneurship is a process that plays a critical role in the continued growth and national development plays. Its importance to the point that economists, entrepreneurs are the engine of economic growth and development. Promote women's entrepreneurial activities, effective stimulus to growth and economic development and improve the quality of their life is. The aim of this study was to identify factors affecting the development of entrepreneurship in small businesses (SME) Rural Women Islamabad city was using the techniques of content analysis. This form of qualitative research is done with the participation of 48 entrepreneurship Rural Women Islamabad city. Information is collected through interviews with women entrepreneurs, and Content analysis was used to analyze the data. The content analysis showed that, personal factors, environmental factors, Socio-cultural factors, motivational factors, Education and extension, Policy factors and management factors, the general factors that are influencing the entrepreneurship in small businesses (SME) Rural. Therefore, with regard to the results of the analysis has been done to increase slightly the number of entrepreneurs in rural, Quality improvement category entrepreneurship in rural small businesses (SME) and the culture of entrepreneurship And self-employed in rural communities, especially among rural women whose arms are capable of rural activities, Policy to encourage and support small businesses (SME) Rural women are recommended by the government. Therefore Regarding the variables of each of these components and strengthen them can Motivate women in rural areas and development of the business in the village.
Agricultural Extension and Education
Madineh Khosrowjerdi; Mehdi Nooripoor
Abstract
Although different governments place a lot of interest in developing rural tourism targets and a lot of budgets are spend in this respect, less attention is paid to study the attitudes of the host communities towards tourism. Thus, the aim of this study was to analyze the factors that can affect ...
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Although different governments place a lot of interest in developing rural tourism targets and a lot of budgets are spend in this respect, less attention is paid to study the attitudes of the host communities towards tourism. Thus, the aim of this study was to analyze the factors that can affect the attitudes of rural people towards rural tourism in the Doroodzan District of the Marvdasht County. The research was conducted in 2015. The survey research method was used for this purpose and data were collected using a pre-designed questionnaire. The research sample included 250 villagers that were selected using Kerjcie and Morgan Sampling Table and the Random Sampling Technique. The Face validity of the questionnaire was verified by the expert faculty members and the staff of the Rural Development Management Department of the Yasouj University, and its reliability was also verified by calculating Cronbach's Alpha reliability coefficient (from 0.61 to 0.86) that was obtained from a pilot study. The results of the Path Analysis showed that value of tourism is the most effective factor for predicting the respondents' attitudes towards rural tourism. Next to that there are other variables such as income from tourism and observation that have had the most effect on the respondents' attitudes. Finally, it is recommended that the means of mass media such as local radio and television broadcast services prepare programs and campaigns about rural tourism and related topics in order to improve the attitudes of the rural people towards rural tourism.
Agricultural Extension and Education
Zhila Moradi; Ali Asqar Mirak Zade; Farahnaz Rostami
Abstract
The agriculture sector though is one of the most important economic sectors in the country, but is faced with major limitations. The purpose of this research is to study the barriers of agricultural development from farmers perspectives in the Qaratureh district. The statistical population of the study ...
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The agriculture sector though is one of the most important economic sectors in the country, but is faced with major limitations. The purpose of this research is to study the barriers of agricultural development from farmers perspectives in the Qaratureh district. The statistical population of the study consisted of 2800 farmers from 27 villages of the Qaratureh district. The statistical population mentioned included, a number 338 farmers who were selected by using stratified random sampling method and based on Krejcie and Morgan tables. Instrument for compilation of data was a questionnaire. To ensure the validity of the questionnaire expert panels were used and for the reliability Cronbach's alpha was used and its amount was obtained to be 0.84. Based on the results obtained in communication with barriers of agricultural development in the studied case region, 30 variables, with using factor analysis technique were summarized into five factors infrastructural, economic-managerial, natural, cultural and educational. The results showed that based on farmers perspectives, the infrastructural factor was the first barrier of region agricultural development. This factor explain about 24/40% of the total variance of the research variables. One of the major problems in the Qaratureh District is the lack of water. Part of this problem is lack of infrastructure and it is related in part to lack of financial resources and lack of farm capital. Therefore, it is suggested that the government supports farmers in order to establish agricultural development infrastructure such as Land Consolidation, water canalization, Sprinkler irrigation systems development, leveling and drainage lands and Granting of bank facilities.
Agri Eco.
Seyed Mojtaba Mojaverian; Roghayeh Zahedian tejeneki; Seyed Ali Hosseini Yekani
Abstract
Rice Mills are one of the oldest and most important agricultural conversion industries in Mazandaran province. Despite the large number of these units in Mazandaran province, so far little research has been done to measure their efficiency. The purpose of this study is to identify the factors affecting ...
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Rice Mills are one of the oldest and most important agricultural conversion industries in Mazandaran province. Despite the large number of these units in Mazandaran province, so far little research has been done to measure their efficiency. The purpose of this study is to identify the factors affecting the efficiency of these units. To achieve the objectives of the study, 167 questionnaires were completed by random sampling from different cities of the Mazandaran province in 2018. The Tobit model was used to identify the factors affecting the performance of units. The results of Tobit model showed that the coefficients of potential unit capacity, the number of working days, the energy cost share of the costs, higher education than manager's diploma, manager's age, workers' training programs, advertising and city (Abbas Abad, Noshahr, Chalus and Tonekabon) variables, respectively 0.001, -0.003, -0.003, -0.06, -0.11 and -0.08 effect on efficiency. Among these, variables of paddy capacity, number of days of activity, advertising, share of energy costs and manager age have a significant effect on efficiency. The variables of manager's education (-0.04 uneducated), advertising (0.032) and location unit (-0.03) have the most impact on the efficiency of rice mills unit. Based on the results of this research, suggestions such as training courses, payment facilities and changing the status of traditional units to modern have been provided with all due regard.
Agri Eco.
Maryam Ghasemi; mahdi masoumi
Abstract
The most important task after the production of any product is to deliver that product to the consumers. Boqmech village in Chenaran city is considered as the center of tobacco production in Khorasan Razavi province for various historical, environmental, social and economic reasons; However, it faces ...
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The most important task after the production of any product is to deliver that product to the consumers. Boqmech village in Chenaran city is considered as the center of tobacco production in Khorasan Razavi province for various historical, environmental, social and economic reasons; However, it faces many problems in product (Tobacco wood and leaves) marketing. Therefore, identifying the best tobacco marketing strategies will have a great impact on improving the economic situation of the people living in the region. The present study, in the framework of strategic planning, while recognizing the internal and external factors affecting tobacco marketing, provides appropriate strategies in tobacco marketing. The research was conducted in a descriptive-analytical method. To achieve the objectives of the research, 17 strengths, 23 weaknesses, 10 opportunities and 17 threats facing tobacco marketing were identified through the analysis of government policies, interviews with tobacco marketing activists and a number of tobacco growers. The analysis unit was 41 tobacco growers and activists in the field of tobacco marketing. In this research, two strategic planning tools, SWOT and QSPM, were used. In the SWOT matrix, according to the final scores in IFE = 2.54 and EFE = 2.170, the optimal competitive strategies (maximum-minimum) to improve tobacco marketing were identified. Optimal strategies were identified with the help of Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix (QSPM) and prioritization, as the most important strategy identified with a score of 0.996 was “to form a cooperative in the village with the participation of all tobacco growers”.
Agricultural Extension and Education
saleh shahrokhi sardo; mosa mahmoodiberam; Ali sina Moolai; Nasser Agha abasi
Abstract
A better understanding of geographical phenomena and scientific comprehending of geographical locations requires comprehensive information about these areas. In addition, the awareness of the spatial distribution and development levels are considered as prerequisites for rural development plans and programs. ...
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A better understanding of geographical phenomena and scientific comprehending of geographical locations requires comprehensive information about these areas. In addition, the awareness of the spatial distribution and development levels are considered as prerequisites for rural development plans and programs. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the development levels of rural areas in Koohrang County. Statistical population was over ten households selected among rural areas (132 villages) in Koohrang County. The required secondary data were collected and designed from the statistical yearbook of Koohrang County in 2011. In this study, a combination method of VIKOR-AHP was used to measure level of development in the villages. In addition, in order to determine the optimal distribution of indices, the Gini coefficient was used. Data processing was conducted using MATLAB7.10 and Expert Choice software. Results showed that the highest and lowest degrees of development (0.994 and 0.005) were related to "Castle of Ali-Abad" and "Dezak-Cheshmeh" villages, respectively. Moreover, results indicated that there was the unfavorable development in the study area (with average of 0. 217 in the range 0-1) in a way that most of the villages (21.46%) with 53.39% of the population in the area were completely undeveloped. Furthermore, the results based on Gini coefficient and coefficient of variability revealed that the conventional indices of rural development weren't distributed properly. Therefore, it is necessary to have special review and reconsider to determine the main service centers based on settlements hierarchical system.
Rural Development
seyed mojtaba mojaverian; roghayeh zahedian tejeneki; Maryam AsadpoorKordi
Abstract
The study of the behavior of investors has a significant bearing on the development of various economic sectors. One of the important issues in assessing the success of investors is their predicted level of achievement. In this study, the level of realization of agricultural conversion and complementary ...
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The study of the behavior of investors has a significant bearing on the development of various economic sectors. One of the important issues in assessing the success of investors is their predicted level of achievement. In this study, the level of realization of agricultural conversion and complementary construction projects in Mazandaran province has been investigated. The level of possibility of the goals achieved is from the proposed capacity ratio in the license to the capacity built to start work. The data was collected from the Jihad Agriculture Organization of Mazandaran province and 386 units were selected as the sample. The units studied in this research were divided into three groups less than realized, fully realized and more than realized. The generalized probit model was used to identify the effective factors on the level of feasibility. The results show that the variables of type of ownership, location, activity size, duration of construction of unit on the level of realization of construction of conversion industries are effective. The effect of these variables varies in different cities and types of activities. Using the present model, we can predict the level of realization of planned goals in the construction of the mentioned units.
Rural Development
Alireza Jamshidi; Davood Jamini; Masomeh Jamshidi
Abstract
The development of rural entrepreneurship is the key to solving various problems in the country's rural communities, including unemployment, poverty, food insecurity, migration, social anomalies, etc. The study aimed at investigating the focal correlation between entrepreneurship indicators (X variables ...
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The development of rural entrepreneurship is the key to solving various problems in the country's rural communities, including unemployment, poverty, food insecurity, migration, social anomalies, etc. The study aimed at investigating the focal correlation between entrepreneurship indicators (X variables including success, …) on sustainable rural development (Y variables including social sustainability, economic sustainability…) in rural areas west of Urmia Lake (in 2020-2021) to determine the variability between the two sets of variables. The statistical population of the study includes all households living on the western shore of Urmia Lake (N = 17738), of which 374 sample (households) were selected using Cochran's formula and multi-stage stratified sampling with proportional assignment. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire whose validity and reliability were confirmed using face validity and Cronbach's alpha coefficient (Between 0.703 and 0.836). In this research, in order to investigate the objectives of the study, Canonical Correlation Analysisand Spearman's correlation coefficient were performed using SPSS software. The results of Canonical Correlation Analysis showed that there is a good linear combination between the set of focal variables of rural entrepreneurship indicators and the components of sustainable rural development in the studied areas. Also, the canonical correlation analysis of two significant sets showed that creativity (0.833) and self-confidence (0.898) have a significant relationship with economic stability (0.835) and physical stability (0.982). In other words, it can be concluded that by improving the situation of factors affecting the development of entrepreneurship in rural areas, we can see sustainable rural development. Therefore, it can be suggested to increase skills such as self-reliance, self-confidence, creativity, responsibility, etc. among the villagers through holding various training classes.
Agricultural Extension and Education
Roghayeh Yazdani; masoud kheyrandish; Mohsen Mohammadi Khayareh; Hady Aminy
Abstract
Rural development is one of the most important discussions in every community, especially in developing societies. Considering the importance of rural development and its relationship with rural entrepreneurship, the present study aimed to investigate the innovation index and its impact on rural development ...
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Rural development is one of the most important discussions in every community, especially in developing societies. Considering the importance of rural development and its relationship with rural entrepreneurship, the present study aimed to investigate the innovation index and its impact on rural development with an emphasis on the role of mediator of rural entrepreneurship in North Khorasan province. In this study, a questionnaire was distributed among entrepreneurs in the agricultural sector of North Khorasan Province to analyze the data using a Delphi method. According to the provincial agricultural Jihad Department, 42 entrepreneurs are active in the agricultural sector of the province, of which only 30 were available for the sample. For analyzing the data, SPSS software was used to test the hypotheses and the Bootstrapping method was used to analyze the mediating variable. The results of the research indicate that there is a direct relationship between rural innovation and rural development. Also, rural entrepreneurship, which has been considered as an intermediary variable, has been effective in rural development.
Agri Eco.
Maryam Hadizadeh Bazaz; Khadijeh Bouzarjomehry
Abstract
The main objective of this article is to investigate the impact of cooperatives on the technical and economical empowering of farmers and agricultural development in the villages of Neishabour. The method of this research is analytical – descriptive and it has been carried out in 2013. The ...
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The main objective of this article is to investigate the impact of cooperatives on the technical and economical empowering of farmers and agricultural development in the villages of Neishabour. The method of this research is analytical – descriptive and it has been carried out in 2013. The statistical society is composed of 4685 members and non-members of cooperatives in twenty villages of Neishabour. The sample size via the Cochran formula and stratified sampling technique has been calculated to be 252. Data collection has been performed through documentation and field study. For data analysis, the SPSS software package and the T-Student Test have been employed. The results of statistical analysis based on 13 economic indicators revealed that the average economic stability of the members is 2.64 which is slightly higher than 2.47; that is the average economic stability of non-members. Independent samples T-Test results between members and non-members revealed that the probability value is 0.004 which indicates that there exists a significant difference between average economic stability of members and non-members. The T-Test results with hypothetical mean of 3 and 4 showed that the majority of indicators are less than the average. Therefore, the impact of cooperatives in economic development is evaluated to be below the average limit and cooperatives could not play an important role in increasing the economic empowerment of farmers.
Agricultural Extension and Education
kambiz fallah mohammad hoseini; mohammad mohammadi; Azita Zand
Abstract
Promoting the quality of life is one of the key concepts of sustainable development that appears in all economic, social, cultural, environmental, physical and institutional fields. The main purpose of this article is measuring the sustainability of quality of life in rural settlements of the Hassanlou ...
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Promoting the quality of life is one of the key concepts of sustainable development that appears in all economic, social, cultural, environmental, physical and institutional fields. The main purpose of this article is measuring the sustainability of quality of life in rural settlements of the Hassanlou County that is from the Naghadeh County. The present study was conducted using descriptive-analytic method. The statistical population of the study consisted of two groups of rural households and local authorities. To determine the sample size, the Cochran model was used and available samples were used for sampling. Field information was gathered using a questionnaire. The collected data was analyzed using the SPSS software package and Pearson correlation coefficient, single sample T, one way analysis of variance, Tukey test and the multi-criteria decision making model WASPAS. The overall results from comparing the views of people and authorities showed that improving all of the indicators examined to sustain the quality of life in rural settlements is necessary. Therefore, there is a convergence between the views of both the people and the authorities. Overall, the research results showed that the level of quality of life in the studied range is lower than the average (with a score of 2.91). [1]Also, the results of the WASPAS analysis showed that the villages of Hasanlou, Baranye Kord and Sheikh Ahmad, ranked one, two and three, in terms of quality of life, and in comparison with other settlements, they are in a medium level of sustainability.
