Agricultural Extension and Education
alijan salariyan; Hassan Feizi; Amir Salari
Abstract
In order to investigation of relationships between saffron yield and summer irrigation a survey was conducted in fields of rural areas of Torbat Heydarieh and Farooj, Iran. The survey was done by questionnaires as face to face interview with farmers and expertise of this subject in 2019. Based on this ...
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In order to investigation of relationships between saffron yield and summer irrigation a survey was conducted in fields of rural areas of Torbat Heydarieh and Farooj, Iran. The survey was done by questionnaires as face to face interview with farmers and expertise of this subject in 2019. Based on this method, 90 saffron fields (area about 0.5- 7 ha) with 1-4 years ages were studied. In addition effect of first irrigation treatments consisted irrigation on august, on mid-September and on early October on saffron yield based on completely randomized design was performed. Results indicated that in 2 years old fields did not significantly affected by first irrigation time, but the time of first irrigation had significant effect on saffron yield especially in 1, 3 and 4 years-old farms. Irrigation on early October in one year-old farms showed the highest stigma yield, but in two years- old farms this condition occurred on mid-September at Torbat Heydarieh and Farooj. In addition there was a negative relationship between fungi contamination with yield (-4.779) in three years- old and regression coefficient was -7.731 in four years-old farms. Furthermore there was about 64 % of changes in corm contamination to fungi related to number of irrigation. Therefore early irrigation of farms in summer such as August especially in three and four years-old because of enhancement of contamination to fungi diseases do not recommend.
Geography and plan
Fatemeh Asadi paeein lamuki; Bahman Sahneh; Ali Akbar Najafi Kani; Alireza Khajeh Shahkoohi
Abstract
One of the most important criteria for measuring the degree of development of a country is the level of women's activity in the country. Ultimately lead to increasing and improving productivity in agriculture and thus increasing the welfare and comfort of rural society. This study compares the activities ...
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One of the most important criteria for measuring the degree of development of a country is the level of women's activity in the country. Ultimately lead to increasing and improving productivity in agriculture and thus increasing the welfare and comfort of rural society. This study compares the activities of women in the plains and foothills with emphasis on sustainable rural livelihoods in the villages of Hatkeh Savadkuh and Bishehsar in Ghaemshahr. The research method was descriptive and analytical and applied and based on Cochran's formula, 331 researcher-made questionnaires were completed from rural households and analyzed using Friedman, Chi-square, Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis statistical tests. The results show that in the field of hairdressing jobs, staffing, labor and stay in the village, sudden seasonal losses, school-related meetings and participation in village elections have become quite significant. The difference in income and area under cultivation and rice production is quite significant, but in income and area under cultivation and production of citrus and vegetables is not significant. In the field of livestock activities, there is a significant difference between the income from the sale of milk and livestock. Therefore, raising the level of education and awareness, creating and strengthening rural women's organizations, especially in the form of cooperatives and women's associations, is recommended for better exploitation and promotion of women's status.
Geography and plan
hadi Siasar; Amir Salari
Abstract
Following the intensification and duration of the drought period in Iran and the occurrence of acute water shortage problems, drought risk management especially in rural areas has doubled. A variety of methods, including the Markov chain, are used to predict the likelihood of drought. In this study, ...
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Following the intensification and duration of the drought period in Iran and the occurrence of acute water shortage problems, drought risk management especially in rural areas has doubled. A variety of methods, including the Markov chain, are used to predict the likelihood of drought. In this study, the drought situation of rural areas were studied in Sistan and Baluchestan province according to the monthly rainfall data of six stations of Iranshahr, Chabahar, Khash, Zabol, Zahedan and Saravan stations using the standardized precipitation index method (SPI) in time scales of 3, 6, 9, 12, 24 and 48 months. The results showed that the cities of Zahedan, Chabahar, Zabol, Saravan, and Khash in the long term in 11.49, 35.14, 35.13, 11.62 and 35.13% of the times were in a dry situation, respectively. Zahedan, Chabahar, Zabol, Saravan, and Khash stations in 77.2 59.46, 62.17, 75.68 and 59.46% of the times were in normal condition and in 11.49, 5.40, 2.70, 2.70 and 5.41% of the times were in wet conditions, respectively. The results also showed that on average, the probability of equilibrium of dry, wet and normal periods in the stations of the province is 29, 5 and 66%, respectively. In other words, the region is in normal climatic conditions, while the probability of occurrence of dry conditions is almost six times that of wet conditions. The most severe drought in Sistan and Baluchestan province in 2008 with an SPI coefficient of -2.8 and the most severe drought in the province in 1995 with an SPI coefficient of +0.08 occurred. The general results showed that the changes in the SPI index have a negative trend and the creation of a comprehensive risk management system is essential.
Agricultural Extension and Education
Ahmad Tagdisi; Sayed Ali Nekoei Naenii
Abstract
The phenomenon of inequality between urban and rural households, mainly rural poverty is one of the things that has attracted especial attention to rural development in the world. This study is descriptive- correlational with the overall objective of ranking rural micro-credit courses based on the achievement ...
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The phenomenon of inequality between urban and rural households, mainly rural poverty is one of the things that has attracted especial attention to rural development in the world. This study is descriptive- correlational with the overall objective of ranking rural micro-credit courses based on the achievement of sustainable development in rural areas. This this research study was conducted based on confirmatory factor analysis. The population of this study included all of the personnel of credit institutions and the micro-level depositors and the Morgan table and random sampling of depositors (195) were used. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software package. The results show that Dehagh, Khezra Sin and Azadi credit institutions ranks in achieving sustainable development are the first, the second and the third, respectively. The results indicate that the environmental, economic and social dimensions of sustainable development have received very little attention. Moreover, the authorities of these units can play a significant role in directing attention to these issues. Thus, it is recommended that the authorities in charge of these units be selected based on criteria such as education level, age, and belief in cooperatives, and etc.
Geography and plan
Hamdollah sojasi Qeydari; yaghoub esfaram
Abstract
Rural management of various aspects of the study It is always research. One of the aspects that an effective role in the development process and strengthen the function of rural management Analyzing the role of local management in the development of physical and reduce the physical vulnerability of rural ...
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Rural management of various aspects of the study It is always research. One of the aspects that an effective role in the development process and strengthen the function of rural management Analyzing the role of local management in the development of physical and reduce the physical vulnerability of rural areas in accordance with sustainable development. The main objective of this study is to investigate the local management and good governance to reduce the physical vulnerability. For this purpose, 9 indicators good governance and 7 indicators of physical vulnerability required to analysis of the role local management is to reduce the physical vulnerability. Analytical descriptive way and quantitation data and utilizes the model TOPSIS, test T-TEST, Pearson test and multiple regression were investigated. The results showed that the studied area in terms of governance and of physical vulnerability are not suitable. Findings of this research emphasizes this point the direct relation between good governance for rural and physical development and there has been intense. With low levels of rural local management and good governance will be improved level of physical development. Multiple regression analysis also showed. Which if implemented could improve good governance indicators of vulnerability in terms of physical impact and provide a stable environment. Notifying the rural community of technical systems, delegation of authority and greater power to government agencies and local institutions in developing people's empowerment and capacity building housing including practical suggestions in this regard.
Agricultural Extension and Education
Seyed sina Eisapour; Reza Moghaddasi; Mehdi Pirozian; Jalil Ajali
Abstract
Fragmentation of small agricultural lands and traditional agricultural lands in Iran is one the largest factors responsible for agricultural production and employment is responsible. The system mainly consists of 10 acres called the micro and the peasantry, and each operator will usually include a family ...
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Fragmentation of small agricultural lands and traditional agricultural lands in Iran is one the largest factors responsible for agricultural production and employment is responsible. The system mainly consists of 10 acres called the micro and the peasantry, and each operator will usually include a family operation. This pattern of operation with features such as organizational and structural weaknesses, low level of education and technical knowledge, scatter plots of agricultural land, the lack of efficient use of resources in production, low yield per hectare, high production costs, low income farmers and the non-economic and non-economic well-known performance. In this research, in order to calculate and determine the efficiency level of the small peasant exploitation system the data for 2014 were collected and data envelopment analysis was used. The statistical population of this study is 9600 small peasant below ten acres. Bu using multi-stage sampling method for subjects the sample size was 48, and a total of 60 questionnaires were completed with high precision. The results of the research showed that the average technical, allocation and economic efficiency of small peasant farms studied in the Miyaneh city is respectively equal to 60.03, 60.06, 34.02. This suggests an increase in technical efficiency of 39.7 percent, an allocation efficiency of 39.4 percent, and an economic efficiency of 65.8 percent. This indicates weaknesses in existing technical knowledge, farm management, and lack of use of scale optimization.
Rural Development
Mortea Alahyari; Abolfazl Tavassoli; Mohammad Reza Naghavi
Abstract
A research study with direct observational survey was used in order to study the factors influencing migration of villagers in the Charoymaq county – Iran. This study focused on the role of agriculture and the open-ended and closed-ended questionnaire technique were used. The sampling method ...
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A research study with direct observational survey was used in order to study the factors influencing migration of villagers in the Charoymaq county – Iran. This study focused on the role of agriculture and the open-ended and closed-ended questionnaire technique were used. The sampling method used in this study was random cluster sampling and the total number of statistical samples used was chosen to be 200 according to Cochran's test. After collecting data from the questionnaires, descriptive and inferential statistical methods were used for data analysis. According to the results of non-parametric tests to investigate the effect of differences in variables related to individual characteristics including age, sex, education and previous occupation of immigrants on migration status, it was found that all variables are significant. In other words, these factors have a significant effect on migration rate. The main reasons for migration of all the people surveyed were problems in the field of agriculture and labor difficulties and the lack of supportive aspects. On the other hand, although migration in men (53%) is higher than women (16.7%), percentage interest in migration among men (21.3%) is lower than women (41.7%). These results are due to the fact that hardships of life in the countryside and traditional life of agricultures are greater than in that of urban life as women feel. According to the results, the main reasons for migration of Charoymaq villagers to cities are unemployment and low income in villages (38.5%), lack of welfare, health and educational facilities (33.5%) and lack of land and sufficient capital for agriculture (10%). According to Friedman’s test, in order to assess the effect of each factor on immigration, regardless of classification in terms of economic, social, cultural, infrastructural, demographic and environmental factors, in general, they were ranked 47 and overall, more employment opportunities rank first. Moreover, among these factors, drought and water scarcity in the region have also been cited as important factors, and more unemployment in the village appears to be due to a lack of proper agricultural management. In general, due to the pressure on the villagers during the recent droughts to provide the required water in the agricultural sector and lack of investment in controlling surface waters and extracting groundwater has had a major impact on migration. It is suggested that more attention be paid to management and investment in this regard.
Agri Eco.
Abozar Parhizkari; Mahdi Khodadadi Hoseyni; Hossein Taghizade Ranjbari; Abolfazle Mahmoodi
Abstract
Qazvin plain is one of the capable plains in Iran to produce of agricultural goods. Unfortunately, due to inordinate shafts digging and irregular use of groundwater the level of groundwater has been decreased during two last decades so that water balance is negative now. To conserve the groundwater resources ...
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Qazvin plain is one of the capable plains in Iran to produce of agricultural goods. Unfortunately, due to inordinate shafts digging and irregular use of groundwater the level of groundwater has been decreased during two last decades so that water balance is negative now. To conserve the groundwater resources in this plain, strategies and appropriate policies are needed and this requires a better understanding of farmers’ behavior. Therefore, in the present study in order to investigate farmers' behavior in using of groundwater and determine appropriate strategies to conserve of groundwater resources in Qazvin plain, positive mathematical programming and production function with constant elasticity of substitution were used. The investigated strategies included increase in water price, decrease in water availability and deficit irrigation strategy and were investigated under various scenarios. The required data were registered information related to 2011-2012 collected from relevant departments in Qazvin province. The model was solved using GAMS 23/9 software. The results showed that all the investigated strategies led to water saving however the average gross profit changes decreased by 3.13, 8.61 and 5.54 percent with increasing water price, decrease in water availability and deficit irrigation, respectively. Finally, considering the less reduction in average gross profit, the irrigation water pricing and then deficit irrigation strategies were proposed to conserve groundwater resources in Qazvin plain.
Rural Development
SAED ABDOLMANAFI; abolfazl baghbani-arani; yasser maghsoudi-GANJEH; Mona Poureisa; Moslem Mokarremi
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify and ranking effective factors on marketing performance in Iranian fishery industry based on a qualitative studie. Therefore, first, by conducting semi-structured interviews with experts and senior managers of marketing and sales of fisheries companies in 10 provinces ...
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The aim of this study was to identify and ranking effective factors on marketing performance in Iranian fishery industry based on a qualitative studie. Therefore, first, by conducting semi-structured interviews with experts and senior managers of marketing and sales of fisheries companies in 10 provinces of Iran in 2020, identify the factors affecting marketing performance and then rank those factors using fuzzy hierarchical analysis method. The statistical population of this study is academic experts and fishery industry managers who were collected by purposeful sampling of research data. After gathering the necessary information, the interviews were classified and coded, which resulted in identifying the factors influencing the marketing performance. After identifying the factors, the paired comparisons questionnaire was designed for ranking. The results showed that of the factors influencing marketing performance, weight factor (0.311) from fisheries managers' point of view and financial factor weight (0.223) from the point of view of marketing managers, factors related to marketing innovation, related factors With the market as well as customer-related factors coming in next. It is therefore recommended that managers of fisheries cooperatives consider brand management and branding-related activities for successful marketing.
Rural Development
Mehdi Mohammadi; abolfazl baghbani-arani; Ebrahim Hemmatian
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of adopting pressurized irrigation technology on the management of sustainable rural development with respect to the rural entrepreneurship variable in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province (Kiar city). This research is descriptive-survey in terms of applied ...
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The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of adopting pressurized irrigation technology on the management of sustainable rural development with respect to the rural entrepreneurship variable in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province (Kiar city). This research is descriptive-survey in terms of applied purpose and its method. The statistical population of the study included 100 farmers and farm managers in the villages of Kiar city. According to Cochran's formula, the required number of samples was estimated at 80 people. Cluster sampling method was used for sampling. Data collection tool was a standard questionnaire that to confirm its validity and reliability, the questionnaire was provided to experts and experts in this field and the necessary changes were applied to it, which was approved. And Cronbach's alpha coefficient of variables (rural entrepreneurship, sustainable rural development management and adoption of pressurized irrigation technology) are (0.844, 0.871 and 0.802), respectively. Cronbach's alpha coefficient and combined reliability of shared values were used to measure reliability using SmartPLS-2 software. The results showed that the adoption of pressurized irrigation technology has an effect on sustainable rural development management due to the rural entrepreneurship variable in Kiar city and in addition, the impact of rural entrepreneurship on sustainable rural development management in Kiar city was also confirmed. Rural entrepreneurship has also been able to mediate between the adoption of pressurized irrigation technology and the management of sustainable rural development. Finally, it is suggested that the government, through expert and local promoters, can hold special training courses on pressurized irrigation in the villages of Kiar city, in order to achieve sustainable rural management in Kiar city by influencing rural entrepreneurship.
Agri Eco.
Narges Rajabi Tehrani; Mohammad Mohammadi; Sahar Dehyori
Abstract
The purpose of this research was economic evaluation of green houses and the factors that affect their profitability in the Varamin plain. The type of this research is descriptive-correlation research that was conducted by using a survey method. The statistical population of the research consisted of ...
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The purpose of this research was economic evaluation of green houses and the factors that affect their profitability in the Varamin plain. The type of this research is descriptive-correlation research that was conducted by using a survey method. The statistical population of the research consisted of the beneficiary farmers of established and cultivated green houses in the Varamin plain. The sample size was 108 farmers. The sampling method was simple random sampling method. The main tool of this research study is a questionnaire that whose validity was verified by using a panel of experts and professors in the field of agriculture. The reliability of the questionnaire was assessed through a pre-test for which the Cronbach alpha was between 0.78 and 0.85 which is considered to be acceptable. The results of this research study show that the mean of the profitability index of cost benefit was 2.286 and thus there is a significant positive correlation between agricultural experience, the level of famer education, agricultural income, the total area of the green house, technical knowledge, using of information resources with the cost benefit profitability index. The results of regression analysis also indicated that the five variables of agricultural experience, agricultural income, the total area of the green house, technical knowledge, using of information resources well explain for 51.5 % of the changes in the cost benefit profitability index of the green houses located in the Varamin plain. Finally, it is recommended to improve the cost benefit profitability index by actions such as increasing the level of technical knowledge and farmers' access to and use of information resources.
Rural Development
mokarram ravanbakhsh; Tooba Abedi
Abstract
Ecosystem threatment assessment is essential to monitoring, evaluating, and developing appropriate environmental management strategies. Amirkelayeh international wildlife refuge with an area of 1230 hectares is located in the Shirjoopasht village belonging to Rudbaneh section, Lahijan city, and Giulan ...
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Ecosystem threatment assessment is essential to monitoring, evaluating, and developing appropriate environmental management strategies. Amirkelayeh international wildlife refuge with an area of 1230 hectares is located in the Shirjoopasht village belonging to Rudbaneh section, Lahijan city, and Giulan province. In this research, first, library resources and the Amirkelayeh wetland ecosystem management plan (2020) were used to compile the criteria and sub-criteria of the research. 30 wetland stakeholders participated in the plan development. To extract and explain wetland problems a questionnaire with basic criteria was designed and sent to 15 experts. In the next step, the opinions of the experts were measured in terms of normality with the help of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Finally, using these components, the problems were analyzed using the method Fuzzy Delphi were ranked. The results of the ranking of the sub-criteria showed that the entrance of invasive species and the growth and decomposition of plant species with a score of 0.38 in the biological criteria, the reduction of the depth and surface of the wetland also, and the fertilizers and pesticide pollution in the physicochemical criteria with a score of 0.21 and 0.20 respectively had the highest ranks. Increasing the farming lands around the wetland with a score of 0.19, unsustainable water resources exploitation, and local communities’ economic issues with a score of 0.18 were identified as the most important economic sub-criteria. Illegal hunting with a score of 0.11 and lack of collaboration among stakeholders in wetland management with a score of 0.10 was the most important social sub-criteria, and finally, lack of awareness of local communities, managers, and stakeholders with scores of 0.31 and 0.30, respectively was the most important cultural sub-criteria. The use of other methods for quantification of wetland- threatening factors will be fruitful in achieving more accurate and complete results for the more successful implementation of the Amirkelayeh wetland ecosystem management plan and achieving sustainable development in villages around the wetland.
Agricultural Extension and Education
Hamid Rastegari; Zakaria Mohammadi Tamari; Maryam Sharifzadeh
Abstract
Nowadays, expanding entrepreneurship culture which depends on nurturing skills, abilities and entrepreneurial capabilities in societies and providing appropriate ethical business setting is regarded as one of the main factors for the economic development of societies. Thus, identifying entrepreneurial ...
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Nowadays, expanding entrepreneurship culture which depends on nurturing skills, abilities and entrepreneurial capabilities in societies and providing appropriate ethical business setting is regarded as one of the main factors for the economic development of societies. Thus, identifying entrepreneurial traits, skills, and abilities and particularly rural entrepreneurial competencies can be of great help to advance this issue. Therefore, the main objective of the present descriptive study is to identify and prioritize rural entrepreneurship skills. Key informants who participated in this research study were seven academic rural development experts who were selected based on Judgement (or Purposive) sampling to achieve theoretical saturation. The archival research technique was used to elicit and specify rural entrepreneurial skills, and then the structured protocols were used to collect information regarding the importance of the elicited skills. Data processing was done using the Artificial Neural Network technique in the MATLAB software. The results showed that social relationships, marketing and customer management skills, strategic planning, business startup and administration, and risk management ranked first to fifth, respectively. Among the five categories of entrepreneurship skills, “opportunity skills” and “management skills” ranked first and last, respectively. Some suggestions are provided in order to develop rural entrepreneurial skills based on the results obtained in this research study.
Agricultural Extension and Education
Vakil Heidari Sarban; Sohila Bakhtar
Abstract
Abstract: The present study is aimed to investigate the role of rural production cooperatives in promoting psychological empowerment of wheat farmers who are members in the production cooperatives in the city of west Islamabad. This study is practical in terms of purpose, and its entity is descriptive- ...
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Abstract: The present study is aimed to investigate the role of rural production cooperatives in promoting psychological empowerment of wheat farmers who are members in the production cooperatives in the city of west Islamabad. This study is practical in terms of purpose, and its entity is descriptive- analytical. The study population consisted of 1137 farmers which are member of the rural cooperatives in 11 villages of west Islamabad. The sample size is estimated to be 170 on the basis of Cochran formula. In order to compare the results, 170 wheat farmers who were not member in rural cooperatives were selected from the same villages. The method of data gathering is survey and the tool used in the study is a questionnaire. To determine the questions for the questionnaire, five indicators of psychological empowerment were used in the form of 35 items (i.e. self-determination, competence, worth, effectiveness and trust). The formal validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by a panel of experts. The study was conducted in the same area with the population of 30 and the questionnaire and the data were analyzed using the special formula of Cronbach’s alpha in the SPSS software. The reliability of the questionnaire was 0.84. According to the results of data analysis, it was shown that, among the five indicators of psychological empowerment in this study and considering the average differences between the two groups of members and non-members, it was said that there is a positive and significant relationship between membership in the production cooperatives and psychological empowerment of wheat farmers. Thus, the average of the members is 4.35 and the average of non-member wheat farmers is 3.61. The results of independent t test indicate a significant difference between the two groups. It was found that rural production cooperatives are effective tools for psychological empowerment of wheat farmers and rural development. Membership in this cooperatives provides the necessary context for the initiative, competence and intellectual personality of the members.
Agri Eco.
Ali Rasoolian; Hossein Hakimpour; Mehdi Mahmoodzadeh
Abstract
Studies have shown that foreign direct investment has significant effects on macroeconomic variables including tax revenue growth, inflation rate, liquidity growth rate, exchange rate, economic growth growth, employment growth, reduced imports and export development. Meanwhile, the economy of rural areas ...
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Studies have shown that foreign direct investment has significant effects on macroeconomic variables including tax revenue growth, inflation rate, liquidity growth rate, exchange rate, economic growth growth, employment growth, reduced imports and export development. Meanwhile, the economy of rural areas plays an important role in attracting foreign capital due to its high share in employment and the existence of abundant capacities in the capital conversion and complementary industries. In Iran, Khorasan Razavi is one of the leading provinces in attracting foreign investment due to its unique potentials, especially in rural areas and areas with an industrial agriculture approach. This study aims to investigate the role of marketing mixes on attracting foreign investment in villages and economic sectors prone to attracting capital in Khorasan Razavi. Required information by completing a questionnaire from 30 experts and economic elites in government and private sector with emphasis on provincial agencies related to rural and university economics and other necessary information from 25 companies active in areas related to products A village in this field was collected by available sampling method in 2021. In order to achieve the purpose of the study, the sequential logit economic model and network analysis model were used. The results showed that the company's activity history in attracting investment, education of the CEO or CEO, advertising costs, research and development per year, marketing mixes, marketing strategies and ensuring investment security in attracting foreign capital by companies. Are in transition. However, macroeconomic indicators and government governance behaviors and policies also have a large impact. In the end, marketing mixes were prioritized in order to attract foreign investment.
Geography and plan
ehsan Hosein-Nezhad-Makki; mehdi bashiri; hamid-reza moradi
Abstract
Population growth, along with the development of industry and agriculture, has led to an increase in water consumption. Limited surface water resources have led to over-harvesting of groundwater aquifers and has had irreparable consequences for the country's water resources and environment, including ...
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Population growth, along with the development of industry and agriculture, has led to an increase in water consumption. Limited surface water resources have led to over-harvesting of groundwater aquifers and has had irreparable consequences for the country's water resources and environment, including the subsidence phenomenon, which has covered most of the country's plains. The present research aims to identify the effective factors and areas at risk of subsidence in Fadafan village of Kashmar. For risk zoning, during 2019, the lithology, land use, Petrology, aquifer Extraction rate, Distance from the stream, Fault, exploitation wells, springs and aqueducts factors as well as geomorphological factors including slope, direction and height studied and each factor turned into an information layer, then modeling and evaluation were performed using random forest algorithm in R software. Then, to determine the areas prone to subsidence, risk zoning maps in five classes were extracted using two methods of information value and area density in ArcGIS environment. The results showed that in the methods of area density and information value, 97.01 and 91.04% of subsidence were in the very- high and high-risk class, respectively. Therefore, both methods have been successful in risk zoning. Also, the aquifer extraction and land use factors are most important in subsidence. Also based on the ROC curve, random forest algorithm with very high accuracy (93%) has provided good results in prioritizing and the importance of effective factors in subsidence. The southern part of the region with rangeland use, has the highest and irrigated agriculture in the region has the lowest risk in the spatial development of land subsidence.As a result, aquifer recharge management by spreading floods and reducing water extraction in the southern part of the region can be effective and practical in reducing the risk of occurrence and development of subsidence.
Rural Development
Hossein Heidari; Ahmad Shakiba; Karaim Vosoughi Niri; ahmad hajalizadeh
Abstract
The concern of rural development and the empowerment of rural communities is one of the most important issues of underdeveloped communities in the world today. Before this, it was believed that these communities can be saved from poverty and backwardness with some interventions and by preparing comprehensive ...
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The concern of rural development and the empowerment of rural communities is one of the most important issues of underdeveloped communities in the world today. Before this, it was believed that these communities can be saved from poverty and backwardness with some interventions and by preparing comprehensive plans and in an orderly manner and provide a sustainable livelihood for the rural residents; But today, it is clear that the inner power and capacity of rural communities is involved more than anything else in the possibility of realizing development and creating a sustainable livelihood. This article tries to classify the capacity and development potential of the villages of Malekshahi city based on socio-economic indicators. The research method is the survey and statistical population of households in the villages of Malekshahi city. The sample size is 580 samples determined by Cochran's formula. The sampling method is matched sampling and random selection of samples. The findings showed that the villages of Malekshahi have a much better situation in terms of social indicators such as cohesion, participation, trust, skill and education compared to economic indicators such as employment, access to credits, income and institutional structures. The results showed that in order to implement the empowerment program and provide sustainable livelihood, in addition to benefiting from the local social and human capital, it is necessary to take advantage of removing obstacles to access to financial credits and putting small and surplus funds into the cycle of rural communities.
Geography and plan
ahmad hajarian
Abstract
Today, governance passes through the realm of government and faces many problems and has no choice but to get rid of them. Governance must be able to establish partnership and cooperation between all the forces influencing the management of society, namely governments, the private sector and grassroots ...
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Today, governance passes through the realm of government and faces many problems and has no choice but to get rid of them. Governance must be able to establish partnership and cooperation between all the forces influencing the management of society, namely governments, the private sector and grassroots organizations. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the causal pattern of criteria affecting good governance. The present study is applied according to its purpose, and based on descriptive-causal method. The statistical sample of the study consisted of 30 experts and specialists related to rural management and rural planning. In order to achieve the research goal, fuzzy dimethyl technique was used. Findings of the study showed that among the eight criteria of good governance, the criterion of participation and legality were the most effective and the criteria of efficiency and effectiveness were the most effective criteria of good governance. The criterion of participation was also identified as the most important criterion of good governance.
Ronak Arabi; Aliasghar Mirakzadeh; kuomars Zarafshani
Abstract
The main purpose of this study was analyzing the inhibiting factors of transferring the irrigation network management to beneficiaries. The research population consisted of all beneficiaries of the irrigation network of the civil district D2 of Miandarband Villages located in Kermanshah province, Iran ...
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The main purpose of this study was analyzing the inhibiting factors of transferring the irrigation network management to beneficiaries. The research population consisted of all beneficiaries of the irrigation network of the civil district D2 of Miandarband Villages located in Kermanshah province, Iran (N = 417). By using the Cochran's formula, 126 people were chosen through a random stratified sampling method with appropriate attribution to the study. The main instrument in this study was questionnaire which its validity was obtained by Regional Water organization expert of Kermanshah County and panel of faculty members of extension and rural development in Razi University. To measure reliability of questionnaire Cronbach's Alpha formula calculated (α=0/85). The results of the exploratory factor analysis classified the inhibiting factors of transferring the irrigation network management to beneficiaries in to nine factors that includes: individual, managerial, social, supportive, economic, cultural, educational- extension, agricultural and technical .The results of this study offers suitable achievements for the institutions involved in the work of irrigation and irrigation management transfer to beneficiaries.
Fatemeh Sourani; Khalil Kalantari; Ali Asadi; Farahnaz Rostami; Arezou Babajani; Mohammad Sadegh Ebrahimi
Abstract
Despite entering ICT in many villages of Iran, many capabilities of this technology in rural areas has not been paid much attention and exploitation due to lack of recognition of driving and hindering factors. In fact, without recognition of mentioned factors, any action would result in the loss of human ...
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Despite entering ICT in many villages of Iran, many capabilities of this technology in rural areas has not been paid much attention and exploitation due to lack of recognition of driving and hindering factors. In fact, without recognition of mentioned factors, any action would result in the loss of human and material resources. Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to analyze the driving and hindering factors of ICT development in villages of central part of Najaf Abad County. The study is a descriptive and survey research. The statistical population of the study consisted of all the experts of Jihad-e Keshavarzi, Post, Post bank, communication and rural ICT offices (55 people). Validity of the questionnaire confirmed by experts’ view and reliability of research tool measured by calculating Cronbach-Alpha coefficient (over 0.9). The results of factor analysis showed that four factors including cultural - information, infrastructural, service and facilities - institutional determined as driving factors explained 73.17 percent of total variance and four factors including infrastructural weakness, cultural weakness, social-regional underdevelopment and technical- skills weakness determined as hindering factors of ICT development in villages of central part of Najaf Abad County which explained 58.49 percent of total variance.
Davood Jamini; Ahmad Taghdisi; Alireza Jamshidi
Abstract
The aim of the present study, Is the nature and procedure respectively of the applied research and descriptive, Provide solutions to expand employment in the village of Badr District. The main research instrument was researcher made questionnaire and to achieve this goal, researchers have used opinions ...
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The aim of the present study, Is the nature and procedure respectively of the applied research and descriptive, Provide solutions to expand employment in the village of Badr District. The main research instrument was researcher made questionnaire and to achieve this goal, researchers have used opinions 23 expert relating to rural affairs Ravansar Township. Is used to analyze the data from the Excel software and the SWOT Model. The results showed there are in the study area 23 strength of (with a final score of 1.800) and 25 opportunities (with a final score of 1.933) for employment development. While face village of Bedar District with 35 point of weakness (with a final score of 11.946) and 16 threat (with a final score of 1.993) to develop employment. In total the results showed, According to the Preponderance weaknesses and threats on the strengths and opportunities in the study area, there is Defensive strategy (WT), priority employment development strategies in village of Badr District. Therefore, is necessary for provide solutions development employment In rural areas in the study area, Weaken the Internal weaknesses (such as lack of initial capital available to villagers With The final weight 0.136, There Fixer and intermediaries With The final weight 0.105) and External threats (such as limited capital in the hands of villagers With final weight 0.272 and Rising production costs with the final weight 0.262), Which have the greatest weight. Finally, According to research findings, was developed to promote employment in the village of Badr district, Practical and effective solutions, which have been the main focus on the Limiting the identified weaknesses and threats.
Hamze Mirsalimi; Homayon Farhadian; Shaghaygh kheiri; Farhad Khosravani
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the factors affecting adoption of organic farming. The study is a kind of applied and descriptive–correlational method. The research population is agricultural producers of Alborz Province. Sample size was determine by Cochran's formula (n= 200) and using ...
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The aim of this study is to investigate the factors affecting adoption of organic farming. The study is a kind of applied and descriptive–correlational method. The research population is agricultural producers of Alborz Province. Sample size was determine by Cochran's formula (n= 200) and using proportional stratified random sampling method. Data was collected through questionnaires that developed by researcher. Validity of questionnaires is estimated by a panel of experts in University and Agriculture experts of Jihad-e- Keshavarzi department of Karaj city. Reliability was conducted by a Pilot test study and for each of its parts Cronbach’s alpha coefficient estimated (0.72 -0.95) which show its suit for research conduct. Data analysis using SPSS software package show that there is a significant difference between barriers to adoption of organic farming in under graduate and post graduated level at the 0.01 level. Also there is a positive relation between attitudes, technical information and frequency of connective channels with adoption of organic farming among Alborz Province farmers.
Agricultural Extension and Education
Mohammad Abdolahi Ezzatabadi
Abstract
For sustainable development plan, we need to consider the role of local community and participation of local people in decision making. In this study, possibility of using five local non-governmental organizations, village councils, Basij (one of the five forces of the Islamic revolutionary guard corps ...
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For sustainable development plan, we need to consider the role of local community and participation of local people in decision making. In this study, possibility of using five local non-governmental organizations, village councils, Basij (one of the five forces of the Islamic revolutionary guard corps in Iran’s villages), agricultural production cooperative, mosque board of trustees and the organization of agricultural well management, as intermediate organizations for agricultural extension was investigated in Kerman province. The data used, were prepared from the managers of the surveyed organizations as well as 1099 farmers participating in the meetings of these organizations through two types of questionnaires of organization and farmer. Variance analysis and regression model was used for measuring the effects of socio economic factors on NGOs efficiency. The results showed that 74% of farmers, in addition to other resources, use the experience of other farmers. Participating in training classes, studying extensional and technical journals and referring directly to experts have a significant positive effect on pistachio crop yield. The results also showed that more than 90% of the surveyed farmers considered the use of non-governmental organizations to promote and transfer the findings of agricultural research useful. In terms of farmers' acceptance of the meetings of the organizations and the number of people present in these meetings, village council and the organization of agricultural well management have a higher advantage. But, none of these five NGOs, solely, can be considered as an intermediate organization for agricultural extension. So, a formal or informal combination of these NGOs should be constructed.
Geography and plan
Asghar Norouzi; Behruz Gharani Arani; Ahmad Azimi
Abstract
Housing is one of human’s basic needs and a part of village's identity, and in recent decades, for various reasons, it has become the basis for physical changes in rural settlements. The article emphasizes on the analysis of the physical consequences of rural housing facilities in Khansar ...
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Housing is one of human’s basic needs and a part of village's identity, and in recent decades, for various reasons, it has become the basis for physical changes in rural settlements. The article emphasizes on the analysis of the physical consequences of rural housing facilities in Khansar County and it is trying to analyze "quality of materials", "structural quality", "native structure of housing" and "quality of standard housing" in rural housing built with the project’s funds. The research method is descriptive-analytical and survey-based. The statistical population is the heads of rural households based on the 2016 census and the number of samples calculated by the Cochran formula is 345 people who were selected by simple random sampling. Also, by using cluster-random sampling method, the number of 18 villages was determined. According to library studies, interviews with Housing Foundation officials and field observations, a questionnaire with 27 questions was designed under the supervision of university experts and distributed and completed among the samples. The reliability of the questionnaire was obtained using Cronbach's alpha method, based on 40 questionnaires, 0.83, which is at the optimal level. Based on the results obtained from the path analysis of structural equations, in general, rural housing facilities have had an effect on the physical transformations of rural settlements in Khansar with an impact factor of 0.18. Meanwhile, rural housing facilities have an impact factor of 0.31 on "quality of materials", "structural quality" with an impact factor of 0.48, "native structure" with an impact factor of 0.81, and "standard housing" with an impact factor of 0.25 has been effective. Therefore, it is suggested to continue providing facilities with a new approach based on local conditions in rural areas.
Rural Development
Asgar Hosseinzadeh; Mehdi Moameri; Ardavan ghorbani; Raoof Mostafazadeh; Morteza Mofidi Chalan
Abstract
Due to the proximity to natural resources and the environment around them, the villages are most affected by the environment and are of great importance. The improper rural development poses enormous environmental challenges such as degradation of rangelands and forests, overexploitation of soil and ...
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Due to the proximity to natural resources and the environment around them, the villages are most affected by the environment and are of great importance. The improper rural development poses enormous environmental challenges such as degradation of rangelands and forests, overexploitation of soil and water resources and threats to wildlife. Of course, the distribution pattern and accessibility to service-based infrastructural indicators indicates the growth and development of rural areas and the attitude towards decentralized planning in the country. This research was carried out in 2022 with the aim of identifying and rank rank service-based infrastructure indicators based on services, in the northern villages of Ardabil province, using a variety of prioritization methodologies. The research method is descriptive-analytical and applied, according to the nature and purpose of the research. 15 indicators with appropriate level of validity and consensus of executive experts and academic experts were selected to measure the infrastructure in the region. According to the results, the highest rate related to the index of access to electricity is in the villages of Meshgin Shahr with a value of 86.71% and the lowest rate related to the index of access to agricultural machinery repair shop is in Garmi city with a value of 3.86. In general, the results showed that Dasht village in Meshginshahr city was at the first level compared to other villages (Ci=0.693) and Eastern Qashlaq village in Beileswar city was at the last level (Ci=0.497). Therefore, it is suggested that while locating rural areas at different levels, especially the level of access to existing facilities, the strengthening of village facilities and expansion of infrastructure and welfare services should be prioritized.
