Agricultural Extension and Education
Mortrza Yaqubi; Ali Sardar Shahraki; Alireza Karbasi
Abstract
Although Sistan and Baluchestan Province is renowned for its handicrafts and has the potential to contribute significantly to the local economy, the industry has not yet met expectations. The downturn in demand in the handicraft market has not only eroded the incentive to enter this industry, ...
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Although Sistan and Baluchestan Province is renowned for its handicrafts and has the potential to contribute significantly to the local economy, the industry has not yet met expectations. The downturn in demand in the handicraft market has not only eroded the incentive to enter this industry, but also made some people unemployed in this area and had other side effects, such as an increase in rural-to-city migration and the lack of production of some handicrafts. In this regard, the purpose of this study is to evaluate and rate barriers to market development in the handicraft cooperatives of this province. The present research is applied and quantitative and the required information has been extracted using questionnaires and interviews with activists and experts of this field in Sistan and Baluchestan province. A total of 40 questionnaires were collected in 2022 and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The results show that the limited holding of national or international exhibitions of handicrafts, investors' unwillingness to invest in handicrafts due to restrictive mechanisms and inadequate public propaganda to recognize the effects of handicrafts (especially tourists) are the most important barriers to the development of handicraft market are. The lack of design and use of integrated and scientific marketing systems for selling products by manufacturing companies, and the inability to sell handmade products directly by manufacturers, are also serious barriers to the lack of development of the province's handicraft market. However, the mismatch of provincial handicraft production with consumer tastes, diversity and product attractiveness is not a serious obstacle to the development of crafts markets.
Geography and plan
hadi Siasar; Amir Salari
Abstract
Following the intensification and duration of the drought period in Iran and the occurrence of acute water shortage problems, drought risk management especially in rural areas has doubled. A variety of methods, including the Markov chain, are used to predict the likelihood of drought. In this study, ...
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Following the intensification and duration of the drought period in Iran and the occurrence of acute water shortage problems, drought risk management especially in rural areas has doubled. A variety of methods, including the Markov chain, are used to predict the likelihood of drought. In this study, the drought situation of rural areas were studied in Sistan and Baluchestan province according to the monthly rainfall data of six stations of Iranshahr, Chabahar, Khash, Zabol, Zahedan and Saravan stations using the standardized precipitation index method (SPI) in time scales of 3, 6, 9, 12, 24 and 48 months. The results showed that the cities of Zahedan, Chabahar, Zabol, Saravan, and Khash in the long term in 11.49, 35.14, 35.13, 11.62 and 35.13% of the times were in a dry situation, respectively. Zahedan, Chabahar, Zabol, Saravan, and Khash stations in 77.2 59.46, 62.17, 75.68 and 59.46% of the times were in normal condition and in 11.49, 5.40, 2.70, 2.70 and 5.41% of the times were in wet conditions, respectively. The results also showed that on average, the probability of equilibrium of dry, wet and normal periods in the stations of the province is 29, 5 and 66%, respectively. In other words, the region is in normal climatic conditions, while the probability of occurrence of dry conditions is almost six times that of wet conditions. The most severe drought in Sistan and Baluchestan province in 2008 with an SPI coefficient of -2.8 and the most severe drought in the province in 1995 with an SPI coefficient of +0.08 occurred. The general results showed that the changes in the SPI index have a negative trend and the creation of a comprehensive risk management system is essential.