Geography and plan
Shapour Zarifian; Somaye latifi
Abstract
The present study aimed to determine and spatial analysis of rural development level in rural districts of Hamedan province by using MCDM techniques. To assess the development level of rural districts, 53 indexes were defined in eight groups: demographic, infrastructure, education, health, communication, ...
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The present study aimed to determine and spatial analysis of rural development level in rural districts of Hamedan province by using MCDM techniques. To assess the development level of rural districts, 53 indexes were defined in eight groups: demographic, infrastructure, education, health, communication, services, administrative and economic. The weight of indexes was determined using AHP, entropy methods and combining the results of these two methods. Then, the development levels of the rural districts were determined through such techniques as TOPSIS, SAW and numerical taxonomy. The final ranking of rural districts was undertaken by integration of the results of these techniques using mean ranking, Borda and Copeland methods. The rural districts were ranked according to the final results and were classified using GIS software. According to the attained results, Mohajeran, Alvand Koh gharbi and Green were ranked as the most developed rural areas and additionally, Gian, Komazan Sofla and Goltapeh were ranked as the most underdeveloped rural areas in Hamedan province. The rural districts of Hamedan province are very different from each other and there exist many inequalities in them in terms of development level and also, the distribution of facilities and services have not been performed across the rural districts according to spatial justice in such a manner that most of the underdeveloped rural districts are located far away from the city centers of townships and the capital of Hamedan and do not enjoy the benefits of development.
Agricultural Extension and Education
saleh haghi; Ahmad Khatoonabadi; Mohammad Sadegh Ebrahimi
Abstract
Although different governments place a lot of interest in developing rural tourism targets and a lot of budgets are spend in this respect, less attention is paid to study the attitudes of the host communities towards tourism. Thus, the aim of this study was to analyze the factors that can affect ...
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Although different governments place a lot of interest in developing rural tourism targets and a lot of budgets are spend in this respect, less attention is paid to study the attitudes of the host communities towards tourism. Thus, the aim of this study was to analyze the factors that can affect the attitudes of rural people towards rural tourism in the Doroodzan District of the Marvdasht County. The research was conducted in 2015. The survey research method was used for this purpose and data were collected using a pre-designed questionnaire. The research sample included 250 villagers that were selected using Kerjcie and Morgan Sampling Table and the Random Sampling Technique. The Face validity of the questionnaire was verified by the expert faculty members and the staff of the Rural Development Management Department of the Yasouj University, and its reliability was also verified by calculating Cronbach's Alpha reliability coefficient (from 0.61 to 0.86) that was obtained from a pilot study. The results of the Path Analysis showed that value of tourism is the most effective factor for predicting the respondents' attitudes towards rural tourism. Next to that there are other variables such as income from tourism and observation that have had the most effect on the respondents' attitudes. Finally, it is recommended that the means of mass media such as local radio and television broadcast services prepare programs and campaigns about rural tourism and related topics in order to improve the attitudes of the rural people towards rural tourism.
Agricultural Extension and Education
Jamileh Aliloo; Mohammad Chizari; SHahla CHoobchian
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate components affecting farmers' participation in irrigation management (case of Khoy County). This study was causal-relationship and a survey was conducted. The study population were all farmers in the Khoy County in the crop year 2015-16 (N=19088) and a number ...
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The purpose of this study was to investigate components affecting farmers' participation in irrigation management (case of Khoy County). This study was causal-relationship and a survey was conducted. The study population were all farmers in the Khoy County in the crop year 2015-16 (N=19088) and a number of 379 number of people were chosen using the Krejcie and Morgan table (1970) and stratified sampling with proportional allocation as research samples. The data collection tool was a questionnaire whose content validity was confirmed by professors and experts and its reliability was determined by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient between 0.72 and 0.85. The obtained data were analyzed using the SPSSv19 software. According to the results, the participation of farmers in irrigation management was evaluated at a good level. The results showed that the independent variables including farmers' attitude toward their participation in irrigation management, awareness of the consequences of participation in irrigation management, suitability of the technical factors in irrigation network, use of farmers from information sources, social norms toward participation in water management, farmers' attitude toward agricultural extension personnel, farmers' sociability and attitude toward water officials and experts with dependent variable of participation in irrigation management had had positive relationship and significant at 1 percent level. The results of stepwise regression analysis showed that the mentioned variables explained 75 percent of the variance of the participation in irrigation management.
Geography and plan
Vakil Heidari Sareban; Shararhe Saeb
Abstract
This paper aims to investigate the role of rural tourism on social security sense in the rural Areas in the Ardabil County. This study is descriptive - analytical in terms of research methods, practical in terms of nature and is a library and field kind of research in terms of the type of data collection. ...
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This paper aims to investigate the role of rural tourism on social security sense in the rural Areas in the Ardabil County. This study is descriptive - analytical in terms of research methods, practical in terms of nature and is a library and field kind of research in terms of the type of data collection. The tool used in measuring the questionnaire was made by the researcher. It can be said that studied population in this study consists of all villagers living in Sardabhe Dehstan, with using of simple random sampling and based Cochran formula, the appropriate amount for this research were selected which person 385. In addition, apposite of this smaple, for making equality at test and result, 385 of residing of villagers Dehstane lack tourism ‘Baleglou’ were selected as control group. The tool of measurement was made researcher questionnaire. The content and face validity of the instrument was specified after several times review and correction by the faculty of members at university and several expertise of administrative offices. The reliability analysis was conducted and Cronbach’s alpha values for the various sections of instrument were estimated to be between 0.80 and 0.83.The results of research by using of t test showed that there was a statistically significant positive relationship between variables of fincial security, job security, ethical security, civic security, reputation security, cultural security and emotional security and independent variable. Finally, based on the results analysis, some applied recommendations have been provided.
Agricultural Extension and Education
Yahya Safi Sis; Milad Joodi Damirchi; Mozhdeh Maleki
Abstract
At present, although the efficiency and sustainability of many environmental protection technologies have been widely proven in agricultural research centers, but many farmers still do not have enough information and knowledge about these technologies, and the reason for this is that such technologies ...
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At present, although the efficiency and sustainability of many environmental protection technologies have been widely proven in agricultural research centers, but many farmers still do not have enough information and knowledge about these technologies, and the reason for this is that such technologies require the replacement of local management skills, knowledge and manpower with foreign inputs. The purpose of this study was to analyzing of the effect of agricultural extension and education system in the form of educational-extension methods on farmers’ environmental behavior. The present study is a descriptive and causal-relational research that was conducted by survey method. The statistical population of this study was farmers in Sis area located in Shabestar district of East Azarbaijan province (N = 4487). The Morgan table was used to determine the sample size. The sample size was 350, which increased to 360 farmers to reduce the error and also to cover the unanswered questionnaires and were studied using random sampling method. The data collection instrument was a questionnaire which Its validity was confirmed using the opinion of professors of agricultural extension and education at the university of Tehran and the reliability of the variables was confirmed using a pretest and Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The structural equation modeling technique was applyed to analyze the data. Based on the obtained information, there was sufficient evidence for the confirmation significant effect of "group methods" and "environmental attitude" on "environmental Behavior". The significant effect of "individual extension" and "environmental knowledge" on "environmental attitude" was also confirmed. Based on the results, the combination of individual, group and mass methods in extension programs can be done to increase the effectiveness of educational-extensional methods, to enable the synergy of educational resources and educational methods in one harmonious and cohesive platform.
Rural Development
TOHID Alizadeh; Mohammad Mazlom khorasani; Aliakbar Majdi
Abstract
Industrialization plays a major role in the economic and social development of rural communities. In the process of industrial development, industrial estates is recognized as one of the strategies for development of rural communities. The aim of this study was to identify and evaluate the effects of ...
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Industrialization plays a major role in the economic and social development of rural communities. In the process of industrial development, industrial estates is recognized as one of the strategies for development of rural communities. The aim of this study was to identify and evaluate the effects of social and economic dimension of phase one and two industrial estates on rural areas in Urmia city. The research method is quasi-experimental which has been evaluated using a post-test design of two experimental and control groups. The statistical population includes village's adjacent to the industrial estates (Ghahramanlou Sofla, Ilyas Abad and Jarchilo) and non-adjacent areas of the industrial estate (Keshtiban, Miyavogh and Tazekend). The results showed that the two areas study, namely the villages adjacent to the industrial estates and the villages far from the industrial estates are different in terms of economic and social consequences. In terms of economic impacts, the average of adjacent villages (economic improvement (30/6), employment (13/5), job satisfaction (7)) was more than villages far from the estates (economic improvement (25.8), employment (10/8), job satisfaction (5/9). This difference was made significant by using the values of the t-test of two independent samples. In general, the average of this variable was evaluated in the villages adjacent to the town (51/1) and in the villages far from the town (42/6). The results also show the impact of the industrial estates on the dimensions of social consequences in the sense that, along with the decrease in migration and increase in the quality of life in the villages adjacent to the estate, enhancement of social harms is also observed in these villages.
Tourism
bahram imani; omid hamid naneh karan
Abstract
This research was done in the year 2021 and is based on its applied purpose and in terms of its analytical and exploratory nature. The method of data collection, according to the nature of the research study, is both library and field. Qualitative data was collected through an open questionnaire and ...
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This research was done in the year 2021 and is based on its applied purpose and in terms of its analytical and exploratory nature. The method of data collection, according to the nature of the research study, is both library and field. Qualitative data was collected through an open questionnaire and document review. Quantitative data was prepared numerically and by weighting the Delphi questionnaire. In such a way that first the indicators were collected in different dimensions, and then they were provided to specialists and experts. In order to identify driving and key variables, the model of mutual effects has been used in the form of Mic Mac software. In the next step, after identifying the key factors, 30 experts were asked to assign a score of 0 to 3 to the indicators based on their degree of influence in the framework of the matrix of mutual effects. the results showed that six variables were in independent positions, two variables were input variables, two were dependent variables, and two were in binary positions. Also, the factor of planned tourism in the villages, whose direct impact was 24, as the input factor with the highest determining power in the first place, is the key driver for the development of tourism in the villages of Nair City from the expert panel's point of view. Also, environmental protection, residential facilities, and health facilities of the village were in second place with an impact rate of 17. In this regard, it is suggested to develop a codified programme for the development of rural tourism according to the powers and potentials of the region. In such a way that the development of the tourism industry in rural areas is studied as a new strategy by local communities, political agents, and planners who are considered important factors in the reform of rural areas and can play a major role in the development of these areas.
Geography and plan
Hassan Afrakhteh; Hamid Jalalian; arezoo anvari; Ayub Manouchehri
Abstract
Rural settlements have changed over time in different aspects. These changes can improve livability and quality of life in the settlements. In recent decades, one of the changes that the pre-urban villages have faced is that they were integrated into cities by the physical development of cities. This ...
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Rural settlements have changed over time in different aspects. These changes can improve livability and quality of life in the settlements. In recent decades, one of the changes that the pre-urban villages have faced is that they were integrated into cities by the physical development of cities. This integration results in significant changes in various aspects of life and it can be useful in improving or reduction of viability of villages. The purpose of this research is the role analysis of social capital on the livability of integrated villages in the city of Miandoab. The research method used in this study was descriptive – analytical. Data collection tools were library research and field survey (observation, interviews and questionnaires). Multiple regression and geographically weighted regression were used for data analysis. The results show that in the Miandoab city, the villages that were closer to the city and had a better position relative to other cities in the region in terms of communications and potential for accepting immigrants and had a negative social capital coefficient. The low level of social capital in these villages has caused a reduction of their viability.
Geography and plan
shamsi salehpour; hamid jalalian
Abstract
Promoting the quality of life is one of the key concepts of sustainable development that appears in all economic, social, cultural, environmental, physical and institutional fields. The main purpose of this article is measuring the sustainability of quality of life in rural settlements of the Hassanlou ...
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Promoting the quality of life is one of the key concepts of sustainable development that appears in all economic, social, cultural, environmental, physical and institutional fields. The main purpose of this article is measuring the sustainability of quality of life in rural settlements of the Hassanlou County that is from the Naghadeh County. The present study was conducted using descriptive-analytic method. The statistical population of the study consisted of two groups of rural households and local authorities. To determine the sample size, the Cochran model was used and available samples were used for sampling. Field information was gathered using a questionnaire. The collected data was analyzed using the SPSS software package and Pearson correlation coefficient, single sample T, one way analysis of variance, Tukey test and the multi-criteria decision making model WASPAS. The overall results from comparing the views of people and authorities showed that improving all of the indicators examined to sustain the quality of life in rural settlements is necessary. Therefore, there is a convergence between the views of both the people and the authorities. Overall, the research results showed that the level of quality of life in the studied range is lower than the average (with a score of 2.91). Also, the results of the WASPAS analysis showed that the villages of Hasanlou, Baranye Kord and Sheikh Ahmad, ranked one, two and three, in terms of quality of life, and in comparison with other settlements, they are in a medium level of sustainability.
Tourism
Mehdi Nooripoor; Elham Derakhshan; Zeinab Sharifi
Abstract
This survey research was carried out to investigate the effects of tourism development on rural areas of central District of Boyer-Ahmad Township. The research population included 1,180 rural households from two groups of villages including with and without tourists. According to the Krejcie and Morgan ...
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This survey research was carried out to investigate the effects of tourism development on rural areas of central District of Boyer-Ahmad Township. The research population included 1,180 rural households from two groups of villages including with and without tourists. According to the Krejcie and Morgan Table, two hundred ninety eighty rural households were determined as the sample size. The samples were selected using stratified random sampling with proportional allocation. The data were collected by a researcher made questionnaire whose validity was confirmed by experts and its reliability was also confirmed by calculating the Cronbach's Alpha reliability coefficient. The results of comparing the situations of the two supposed groups five years ago (before the tourism boom) showed that there is a significant difference between the two groups (with and without tourism) in terms of the social and the capital attention to local customs, the tendency to live in a village, occupation and environmental awareness in which they have had higher mean score in villages with tourists. Moreover, comparing the current situation of these groups showed that there was a significant difference between the two groups, with and without tourists in terms of social offences and environmental awareness in such a way that tourism had a negative effect in terms of social factors and it led to increased social offences and it had a positive effect on environmental factors such as increasing environmental awareness of rural households. Furthermore, tourism had no considerable effect on rural areas in terms of economic and infrastructural factors.
Rural Development
gholamreza tajbakhsh
Abstract
The present study was conducted in order to develop rural tourism with the aim of investigating the satisfaction of tourists. The present research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey research in terms of correlational type. The statistical population of this study is rural tourists ...
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The present study was conducted in order to develop rural tourism with the aim of investigating the satisfaction of tourists. The present research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey research in terms of correlational type. The statistical population of this study is rural tourists in 1400 in Vanai village of Boroujerd. Available sampling method was used to select the samples. The method of collecting information and data, field and its tools have made a researcher questionnaire. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by face validity and validity of structures and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The correlation test shows that there is a significant relationship between spatial infrastructure, safety needs, love and belonging needs, self-fulfillment needs, physical needs and satisfaction. According to regression coefficients, infrastructure, physical needs and self-fulfillment needs and safety needs have a direct and positive relationship with the dependent variable, ie satisfaction. The results of the present study generally indicate that the satisfaction of tourists due to the nature of travel and also the motivations of tourists is acceptable.Keywords: Rural tourism, Satisfaction, Boroujerd
Geography and plan
Hamid Shayan; Maryam Ghasemi; Hooreye Havayi
Abstract
Today, water is one of the greatest challenges of the present century and is the source of many changes in the world. Since the distribution of water resources and rainfall is generally disproportionate, storage and transfer on a micro scale, as well as between water basins in the form of water schemes ...
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Today, water is one of the greatest challenges of the present century and is the source of many changes in the world. Since the distribution of water resources and rainfall is generally disproportionate, storage and transfer on a micro scale, as well as between water basins in the form of water schemes for collection, transmission is necessary for the balanced development of human activities. Therefore, the optimal and correct use of water resources and preventing their loss is very important. The present study seeks to identify the most important effects of small-scale local projects of water control and transfer on the development of rural economy in the territory of Neishabour city and identify the problems facing them. The research method is descriptive-analytical. The number of samples is 165 shares per pool water or dam, which was determined by using formula N0 according to the number of water shareholders. According to the obtained results, the creation of small-scale and local plans to control and transfer water has increased the level of power of the rural economy, especially in the agricultural sector. Because the efficiency and area of agricultural and garden lands have increased significantly after the creation of small-scale and local plans for water control and transfer. There are also problems such as disputes over water sharing, destruction by strangers and lack of capital, poor cooperation between owners and funding, lack of security, surface water management and financial problems in this area
Geography and plan
Mahboobeh Naseri; fatemeh Rastehgaripor
Abstract
Pistacia vera is one of the important economic crops of Iran and the world. Climate is considered as the main limitation in plant expansion. In this regard, CLIMEX is one of the most advanced software for predicting the range of distribution of plant species. CLIMEX software was used to study the distribution ...
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Pistacia vera is one of the important economic crops of Iran and the world. Climate is considered as the main limitation in plant expansion. In this regard, CLIMEX is one of the most advanced software for predicting the range of distribution of plant species. CLIMEX software was used to study the distribution of Pistacia vera for present and possible future climate condition.There are three groups of geographically restrictive variables for each species in this software: Growth indices, Stress indices, Limiting conditions. Potential distribution maps were prepared for the different continents for current and future climate situations. According to the results, Pistacia vera have the potential to be cultivated in countries such as Iran, parts of East China, Central Asia, the Republic of Azerbaijan, Georgia, Armenia, parts of southwestern Russia, Ukraine, Turkey and the United States. According to Climax maps, parts of China, Turkey, the United States, and parts of Eastern Europe will be prone to Pistacia vera cultivation with climate change. In Iran, it was predicted that the climate change of cultivation and expansion of this crop will be limited in the southern parts of Khorasan and Kerman provinces and on the other hand, western and northwestern regions in Iran will be prone to cultivation and expansion of this crop.The results of this study can be an effective aid in identifying areas prone to Pistacia vera cultivation and its management in the context of climate change for agricultural sector.
Geography and plan
zahra kamali; Maryam Ghasemi
Abstract
AIn Iran, the risk of annual floods causes great damage to the villagers of the affected areas, especially in the housing sector. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to physical resilience due to the high vulnerability of rural housing in the face of floods. Based on this, the present study has ...
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AIn Iran, the risk of annual floods causes great damage to the villagers of the affected areas, especially in the housing sector. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to physical resilience due to the high vulnerability of rural housing in the face of floods. Based on this, the present study has investigated the optimal strategies for physical resilience of rural housing in the face of floods. The research method is descriptive-analytical based on documentary studies and field survey After initial exploratory studies, 9 villages in Dargaz city that were most vulnerable to floods were selected as a sample.data analysis was performed using two strategic planning instruments (SWOT-QSPM(. Due to the expertise of these two tools, the research questionnaire was completed with the help of 25 rural experts (Dehyar and members of the village Islamic council). Based on initial exploratory studies, 14 strengths and opportunities were identified as advantages and 18 weaknesses and threats as constraints on the physical resilience of rural housing in the face of floods. According to the final score IFE = 2.46 And EFE=2.41 "Defensive strategies" or at least - at least as focal strategies were selected to increase the physical resilience of rural housing. The overall goal of defensive strategies, or "survival strategies," is to reduce system weaknesses to reduce and neutralize threats. Based on the analysis performed in the QSPM matrix, among the defensive strategies of "Increasing residents' knowledge and awareness of the principles of standard construction in flood-prone areas", it has obtained the highest score of 2.637 and was selected as the first strategy.
Agricultural Extension and Education
fatemeh kazemiyeh; hasan sadighi; Mohammad Chizari
Abstract
Rural non-farm economy is seriously considered for using the full capacity of rural economy in developing countries. Rural tourism is a part of the tourism industry; it can play an important role in rural development, diversification of the national economy and national development through ...
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Rural non-farm economy is seriously considered for using the full capacity of rural economy in developing countries. Rural tourism is a part of the tourism industry; it can play an important role in rural development, diversification of the national economy and national development through the potential identification. The main purpose of this study was investigation and evaluation of rural tourism attractions. In order to prevent from generalization as well as to achieve exact and applicable results, villages with tourist attractions in East Azarbaijan has been chosen as the area of study. The Analytic Hierarchy Process is used to prioritize the rural areas. This technique is based on a comparison of test and reviews the various options to managers and planners. The population of the study was experts who have knowledge and experience in the field of rural tourism. The findings of this study indicated that studied villages are three levels of development priorities, the levels can be considered as a basis for planning and decision-making of managers in East Azarbaijan Province.
mojtaba mojaverian; reisi noosheen
Abstract
Poverty is major obstacle to economic development in the third world. The purpose of this study was to measure poverty quantity in the rural of Mazandaran province in the two-year periods that one of them selected after performing modification of subsidies payment. After calculating poverty lines in ...
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Poverty is major obstacle to economic development in the third world. The purpose of this study was to measure poverty quantity in the rural of Mazandaran province in the two-year periods that one of them selected after performing modification of subsidies payment. After calculating poverty lines in the study area, indicators of poverty, extreme poverty, sen was calculated for this purpose. Survey data were collected from income and expenditure of rural household statistical of Province between 2001 to 2011. The results show in 2009, almost 10% of the population was below the poverty line. In 2011 (after modification of subsidies payment) Necessary energy for the first docile do not meet. Because Food supplies needed of the rural community by self-producing, receiving cash subsidies (direct subsidy) is more profitable than commodity subsidy (indirect subsidy) for them. In this regard, according to the results specially reduction of poverty due to perform the first stage of subsidies modification program, helpful result is expected from enforcing of the second stage of subsidies modification program. Key Word: Nutrition Yield, poverty lines, Sen Index, subsidy, Mazandaran
Farahnaz shahryaran; Sedighe Nabieian; Hossein Mehrani Bashar Abadi
Abstract
Agriculture sector is the most important part of the economy that has been considered by economists because of is having lots of production factors, include labor force. So, considering employment potential of this sector has particular importance among policy makers. In this study, using panel data, ...
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Agriculture sector is the most important part of the economy that has been considered by economists because of is having lots of production factors, include labor force. So, considering employment potential of this sector has particular importance among policy makers. In this study, using panel data, the impact of exports on employment in in the agricultural sub-sectors of Iran, including agriculture and horticulture, livestock, fisheries and forestry, during 1992-2010 has been studied. Results show that export growth has a significant positive effect on employment in all sub sectors except livestock sub-sector and its coefficient in horticulture, livestock, fisheries and forestry, is 0.04, 0.001, 0.03 and 0.04, respectively. Also the rates of fixed effects that indicate employment potential of agricultural sub-sectors is equal to 2.72 for agriculture and horticulture, 2/40 for livestock, -2.39 for fisheries and -2.73 for forestry sub-sector. According to the findings, support and supervision and administration of public and private investment to promote exports, would be important and effective to increase employment in agriculture and its sub-sectors.
Agricultural Extension and Education
Yadegar Momenpor; Hasan Sadighi; SHahla CHoobchian
Abstract
Today, with the arrival of chemical inputs in agriculture and excessive use of these inputs by farmers, irreparable damage has been done to the environment. Environmental sustainability included actions in line with environment in a long-term period. The use of long-term is due to environmental sustainability. ...
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Today, with the arrival of chemical inputs in agriculture and excessive use of these inputs by farmers, irreparable damage has been done to the environment. Environmental sustainability included actions in line with environment in a long-term period. The use of long-term is due to environmental sustainability. This study was designed to investigate factors affecting environmental behavior of wheat producers and it was done by a survey technique. The research population included all wheat producers in the Buokan Township (5473 people) and 136 of them were selected by using Krejcie and Morgan (1970) sampling Table. The sampling method was proportional stratified random sampling. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) via the LISREL software was used to evaluate validity and reliability of the research questionnaire. The results of confirmatory factor analysis confirm both "the validity and reliability" of the questionnaire and "the goodness of the latent variables". The results of structural equation modeling (SEM) showed that most of the research hypotheses were confirmed and the “institutional” construct has the most effect on the environmental behavior and 35 percent of the variance change is explained by this construct. On the other hand, factors Economic, Ecological and Social have been mentioned as important in affecting environmental behavior.
Hajar esnaashari; Mahdieh mosannan mozafari
Mehdi Hatami; Ali Nazemi; Azam Dowlatabadi; Mostafa Mostafapour
Abstract
According to TAVANIR company`s statistics, despite fulfilling the electricity supply plans to the villages with more than 20 families in rural areas of Iran, Still, more than 17,000 rural families in villages ,with populations less than 20 families, are deprived from accessing to the electricity. ...
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According to TAVANIR company`s statistics, despite fulfilling the electricity supply plans to the villages with more than 20 families in rural areas of Iran, Still, more than 17,000 rural families in villages ,with populations less than 20 families, are deprived from accessing to the electricity. Production Losses, transmission and distribution of electricity and the distribution of the population cause use of solar energy in remote areas. Hence, photovoltaic systems, because of direct conversion of solar energy into electricity without the need for sophisticated equipment are important. In this paper, an economic evaluation of Off Grid photovoltaic systems against national power grid has been studied in Tehran villages, due to the uncertainty in modeling; Monte Carlo simulation with 2000 iterations was used. We did Economic evaluation, using the life cycle cost of a photovoltaic system for a period of 25 to 30 years as well as the development costs for the power grid to remote villages. The paper shows the minimum distance of the village distribution network that the photovoltaic system is more economical than the national power grid development. This distance has inverse relation with discount rate as well as direct relation with the number of cloudy days and the number of rural families.
Nasibeh Zarei; Hossein Mehrabi Boshrabadi; Mehdi Khosravy
Abstract
This study estimates water economic value in production of potato in 2011-12, using parametric method of production function. Data have been collected through questionnaires. Research sample includes 208 farmers and landowners in the Koredestan and Hamedan provinces, based on Cochran formula and two ...
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This study estimates water economic value in production of potato in 2011-12, using parametric method of production function. Data have been collected through questionnaires. Research sample includes 208 farmers and landowners in the Koredestan and Hamedan provinces, based on Cochran formula and two stage cluster sampling. In order to select the suitable function, several flexible and non-flexible functions has been checked that results indicate Cobb-Douglas production function acts better than the other tested functions. Elasticity of derived water demand for Potato crops estimated -1/95 which shows policy prices can be important factor to control water utilization. Economic value for each cubic meters of water for producing potato is estimated to be 2348.7 Rail, which it is less than its current price (1203.4 Rials). So, it suggests that in order to save water use in potato production, water value approximate to its market value.
Agri Eco.
Yahya Safi Sis; Milad Joodi Damirchi; Mozhdeh Maleki
Abstract
The cost of forecasting the economical effects of modern biotechnology products is very high, and economic researches on the effects of cultivating these products in rural areas can play an important role in designing efficient monitoring mechanisms and agricultural innovation systems. In this regard, ...
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The cost of forecasting the economical effects of modern biotechnology products is very high, and economic researches on the effects of cultivating these products in rural areas can play an important role in designing efficient monitoring mechanisms and agricultural innovation systems. In this regard, the present study was based on qualitative paradigm and using qualitative content analysis to analyze the views of researchers of agricultural research centers on opportunities and threats to the economic dimensions of cultivation of modern biotechnology products in rural areas in 2019. In order to collect data, a semi-structured interview method with 23 researchers was used by snowball sampling method. The findings of this study showed that in terms of opportunities, "the inevitability of moving towards an agricultural system based on genetic engineering for self-sufficiency and export" and about of threats, "the imposition of agricultural system based on genetic engineering and political and marketing issues" influenced the cultivation of modern biotechnology products in rural areas. In line with the results, it is proposed to form a specialized committee and works in three areas: “completion of modern biotechnology researches in the field of ability to produce seeds and other inputs of modern biotechnology products in the country”, “safety assessment of environmental and health effects of modern biotechnology products” and “creating a relative agreement between proponents and opponents”, In order to provide the necessary prerequisites, cultivation of these crops in rural areas can be on the agenda.
Rural Development
reza movahedi; mehrdad pouya
Abstract
In order to achieve economic development in the country, it is necessary to take advantage of all economic capabilities in various sectors. Development through rural tourism has recently made its way into the economic and industrial policies of countries around the world. For this reason, the present ...
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In order to achieve economic development in the country, it is necessary to take advantage of all economic capabilities in various sectors. Development through rural tourism has recently made its way into the economic and industrial policies of countries around the world. For this reason, the present study dealt with zoning of the tourism target villages in Hamedan province. Based on this, 21 villages as tourism targets in Hamedan province were examined according to 10 criteria including environmental, political-administrative, water, electricity and gas, education and health, trade and services, cultural and sports, telecommunications, and religious and tourism indicators. TOPSIS technique was used to measure the level of the villages. The results showed that among the villages, Ali Sadr (CL+= 0.780), Faresban (CL+= 0.626), Jourab (CL+= 0.625) and Ashtran(CL+ =0.609) came as the first to fourth priorities in terms of tourism indicators. The results showed that according to the number and ranking of tourism villages in each city, Tuyserkan, Hamedan and Malayer cities were in the first to third tourist clusters, respectively. The Hamedan-Tuyserkan road was recommended to be regarded as the ecotourism cluster by redirecting future investment and infrastructure.
Agricultural Extension and Education
Rohollah Rezaei; Seyyed Mahmoud Hosseini; Maryam Mohammadi Pabandi
Abstract
The main purpose of this descriptive- correlative survey was to identify and analyze the barriers to organizational entrepreneurship development in rural development cooperatives of the Zanjan Province. The statistical population of the subjects under study consisted of all of the main members of administrative ...
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The main purpose of this descriptive- correlative survey was to identify and analyze the barriers to organizational entrepreneurship development in rural development cooperatives of the Zanjan Province. The statistical population of the subjects under study consisted of all of the main members of administrative boards in the cooperatives of the Zanjan Province (N= 335). According to the Bartlett et al. (2001) table, a sample size of 120 was selected using a stratified random sampling technique. A questionnaire was used to collect data. A panel of experts confirmed the validity of the questionnaire. A pilot study was conducted to establish the reliability of the instrument. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for the main scales of the questionnaire was higher than 0.75. The descriptive results showed that four variables had the highest priority. These include the strict rules for payment of loans by public and private banks to cooperatives; lack of adequate capital in the cooperatives and their lack of access to credit and financial resources; shortcomings in labor laws and lack of necessary context for group activities and team work in the cooperatives. The results of factor analysis revealed that four factors namely, structural, environmental, cognitive- knowledge, lack of effective organizational culture, lack of support and individual explained 61.38 percent of the total variances of the barriers to organizational entrepreneurship development in cooperatives.
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Hossaein Agahi; Akram Binaian; Saber Fatahi
Abstract
Today, in many countries of the world, in some cases women are barred from interfering in politics and social roles. Thus, still it is necessary to place women in political, social, economic and cultural activities. The purpose of this study is to examine individual and family barriers to women's political ...
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Today, in many countries of the world, in some cases women are barred from interfering in politics and social roles. Thus, still it is necessary to place women in political, social, economic and cultural activities. The purpose of this study is to examine individual and family barriers to women's political and social participation of the Shirez District in the city of Harsin. The research methodology used is descriptive-correlation and it is carried out by using a survey. The statistical population included the women older than 6 years in the Shirez District. A sample size of 333 person was determined by using the Kerejcie and Morgan table. They have been selected using the convenience sampling method with proportional assignment. Data analysis was done by using the Spearman coefficient and multiple regression analysis. The results showed that the political participation of women is in the medium level and their social participation is in the high level. Also, the results indicated that women believe that they are not able to participate in political affairs. The inability to communicate with others, the physical weakness and other problems, high volume of activities of women at home, high volume of activities in the agricultural sector and livestock, accepting dominance, lack of experience in political and administrative affairs and unwillingness of women compared to men in management are the main barriers of the political and social participation of rural women.
