Geography and plan
mahdi charaghi; Behruz Mohammadi Yeganeh; samaneh sadat musavi zare
Abstract
In many developed countries and developing countries, agriculture is not the only source of employment and income for rural households. Income from non-agricultural activities is also very important. The present study is conducted with the aim to investigate the effect of non-farm income ...
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In many developed countries and developing countries, agriculture is not the only source of employment and income for rural households. Income from non-agricultural activities is also very important. The present study is conducted with the aim to investigate the effect of non-farm income on household food security. The aim of the present study based on its objective is applied research and method of application is descriptive – analytical while the research population is the rural villages of the Fazl township. The number of samples to complete the questionnaire was determined using a sample of 304 households. The questionnaires were filled in a systematic sampling method for calculating the level of food security and the food insecurity scale and standardization calories is used. Classification of food security in rural households shows that 56.9 percent of households suffer from with food insecurity, food insecurity without hunger is 30.3 percent, 11.5 percent and 1.3 percent of households with moderate food insecurity with hunger and food insecurity with hunger are severe. The following classification is based on a basket of commodities for household food security in the rural study and it shows that 40.79 percent of the respondents have food security and 59.21 percent suffer from food insecurity.
Geography and plan
Mehrshad Toulabi Nejad; Sirus GHanbari; Fatemeh Dosti Moghadam; Mehdi Barawoi
Abstract
The use of land management practices can reduce soil erosion, increase the productivity of agricultural land and can consequently increase agricultural production. However, various factors such as physical, technical, economic, and social can affect the decision of farmers to use sustainable land management ...
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The use of land management practices can reduce soil erosion, increase the productivity of agricultural land and can consequently increase agricultural production. However, various factors such as physical, technical, economic, and social can affect the decision of farmers to use sustainable land management practices. In this study, we study the important economic and social factors affecting the use of agricultural land management techniques by farmers in mountainous areas considering the financial and human resources capacity. The statistical population includes farmers' households (N= 514). Using Cochran formula, 200 households were selected by the random sampling method. The data gathering tool used is a questionnaire. To analyze the data from among 30 variables, the exploratory factor analysis (FA) was used in the first stage, in order to extract the factors arising from the matrix period. In the next step, the methods Land Management and Spearman correlations methods were used in order to identify the key economic and social factors that are most effective. The findings of the research show that among the eight factors identified by factor analysis, the four factors that significantly affect investment in sustainable land management are: 1) Access to support services; 2) Participatory management; 3) Income from sales of products; 4) Personal factors. Therefore, to enhance the investment there should be more support services to farmers (especially microcredit), as well as measures to further the cooperation in the field of sustainable land management (e.g., training of farmers).
Geography and plan
hosein khademi
Abstract
Rural cooperatives including the basic institutions in rural communities play an important role and can be used to apply techniques and participatory approaches to apply the women's task force. On this basis, the present study was done with the aim to review and find the fields of the creation of manufacturing ...
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Rural cooperatives including the basic institutions in rural communities play an important role and can be used to apply techniques and participatory approaches to apply the women's task force. On this basis, the present study was done with the aim to review and find the fields of the creation of manufacturing and services cooperatives of women in the rural areas of Abarkuh County and Section NIR of the Taft county that are in Yazd province. The type of research in terms of the objective is applied and it is based on the descriptive analytical research and investigation. The Krejcie and Morgan table was used to determine the statistical sample size and from among the women residing in the scope of the study 72 women were selected. The two characteristics used were that they be an applicant to create a cooperative and be familiar with how to create areas of work and activities for women. Qualitative data collection method was used and a questionnaire was used to obtain quantitative information, and the participatory rural appraisal (PRA) methods was employed. The findings of the research showed that 81.9 percent of women had a positive view in the executive levels have created in the fields of cooperatives That is the most important they can be the agricultural sector, education and services. This means that they are responsible for taking social and economic and membership role in the cooperative that is in accordance with their own personal interests.
Geography and plan
Shapour Zarifian; Somaye latifi
Abstract
The present study aimed to determine and spatial analysis of rural development level in rural districts of Hamedan province by using MCDM techniques. To assess the development level of rural districts, 53 indexes were defined in eight groups: demographic, infrastructure, education, health, communication, ...
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The present study aimed to determine and spatial analysis of rural development level in rural districts of Hamedan province by using MCDM techniques. To assess the development level of rural districts, 53 indexes were defined in eight groups: demographic, infrastructure, education, health, communication, services, administrative and economic. The weight of indexes was determined using AHP, entropy methods and combining the results of these two methods. Then, the development levels of the rural districts were determined through such techniques as TOPSIS, SAW and numerical taxonomy. The final ranking of rural districts was undertaken by integration of the results of these techniques using mean ranking, Borda and Copeland methods. The rural districts were ranked according to the final results and were classified using GIS software. According to the attained results, Mohajeran, Alvand Koh gharbi and Green were ranked as the most developed rural areas and additionally, Gian, Komazan Sofla and Goltapeh were ranked as the most underdeveloped rural areas in Hamedan province. The rural districts of Hamedan province are very different from each other and there exist many inequalities in them in terms of development level and also, the distribution of facilities and services have not been performed across the rural districts according to spatial justice in such a manner that most of the underdeveloped rural districts are located far away from the city centers of townships and the capital of Hamedan and do not enjoy the benefits of development.
Geography and plan
saeed maleki; mahmud abiyat; ali keumarsi
Abstract
One of the things that is important in waste management. Topic, Site Selection landfill and leachate from this landfill in the rural areas. So far in relation to aquifer pollution vulnerability assessment by using these models or similar models (like Avi and Drastic, Si, etc.) Many studies have been ...
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One of the things that is important in waste management. Topic, Site Selection landfill and leachate from this landfill in the rural areas. So far in relation to aquifer pollution vulnerability assessment by using these models or similar models (like Avi and Drastic, Si, etc.) Many studies have been done. But According To The importance of waste and its impact on the surrounding environment as well as pollution of groundwater by leachate waste, this model is described as a powerful instrument for the protection of these areas that are affected by contaminants.The aims of this research the application of the GODS model in selection of appropriate area of the rural landfill. In fact should be select landfill sites that have the least impact on the aquifer pollution. Methods of collecting this research uses attritional, case study and study method are descriptive-analytical methods .In this Study, Gods model was used to landfill site selection. Each of these models are made from combining the hydrogeological parameters affecting the transport of contaminants to the aquifer. These parameters appear in the GIS software for seven layer that the necessary checks on them. Results show By using Gods model in the current situation, about 1.6 % of the study area in total In a state of vulnerability has been very low and be negligible that Can be determined by taking these areas are great place to landfill.
Geography and plan
Hamdollah sojasi Qeydari; yaghoub esfaram
Abstract
Rural management of various aspects of the study It is always research. One of the aspects that an effective role in the development process and strengthen the function of rural management Analyzing the role of local management in the development of physical and reduce the physical vulnerability of rural ...
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Rural management of various aspects of the study It is always research. One of the aspects that an effective role in the development process and strengthen the function of rural management Analyzing the role of local management in the development of physical and reduce the physical vulnerability of rural areas in accordance with sustainable development. The main objective of this study is to investigate the local management and good governance to reduce the physical vulnerability. For this purpose, 9 indicators good governance and 7 indicators of physical vulnerability required to analysis of the role local management is to reduce the physical vulnerability. Analytical descriptive way and quantitation data and utilizes the model TOPSIS, test T-TEST, Pearson test and multiple regression were investigated. The results showed that the studied area in terms of governance and of physical vulnerability are not suitable. Findings of this research emphasizes this point the direct relation between good governance for rural and physical development and there has been intense. With low levels of rural local management and good governance will be improved level of physical development. Multiple regression analysis also showed. Which if implemented could improve good governance indicators of vulnerability in terms of physical impact and provide a stable environment. Notifying the rural community of technical systems, delegation of authority and greater power to government agencies and local institutions in developing people's empowerment and capacity building housing including practical suggestions in this regard.
Geography and plan
Vakil Heidari sraban; Hamdollah Sojasi Qeidari; Ali Majnoony Tootkhane
Abstract
Positive Psychological Capital is defined as the positive and developmental state of an individual as characterized by high self-efficacy, optimism, hope and resiliency. The main purpose of this paper is to explain the psychological capital effects on improvement of village farmer’s job satisfactions ...
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Positive Psychological Capital is defined as the positive and developmental state of an individual as characterized by high self-efficacy, optimism, hope and resiliency. The main purpose of this paper is to explain the psychological capital effects on improvement of village farmer’s job satisfactions in the Ardabil County. The study sample consists of farmers in the Ardabil Province and 380 people were selected by convenience sampling. The sample size was determined based on Cochran's formula and the required data was collected through questionnaires. A questionnaire was used for data collection. The questionnaires face and content validity were confirmed by professors and experts, and its reliability was confirmed based on Cronbach's alpha (0.71-0.82). For data analysis, the SPSS software was used. The results of Pearson correlation test showed that there was a significant correlation between all research variables and job satisfactions with the reliability of %95. Moreover, the variables of optimism, resiliency and self-efficacy contained %41 of dependent variables in linear multiple regression test. Finally, according to the results of analysis, practical suggestions are presented.
Geography and plan
Jamshid Einali; Ahmad romyani; asiye Esmaili
Abstract
Today, tourism is an activity is one of the high income activities in the world that has economic, social and cultural development values and it can play an important role in the development of underdeveloped regions. The purpose of this study is the prioritization of tourist areas of Kurdistan. The ...
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Today, tourism is an activity is one of the high income activities in the world that has economic, social and cultural development values and it can play an important role in the development of underdeveloped regions. The purpose of this study is the prioritization of tourist areas of Kurdistan. The study seeks to answer which of the tourist attraction regions have better conditions for direct investment and development. The type of this research study is applied descriptive analytical method of research, and library and field study methods (observation, interviews, and questionnaires) were used for collecting data. In order to analyze data VIKOR and TOPSIS models were used. The results using TOPSIS indicate that the samples areas for tourism such as the Abider, Zarivar Lake, Village Oraman Takht amusement park each have a coefficient of 0.007, 0.071, and .103 and with rank of 1, 2 and 3 and the other samples tourism areas Zarivar Lake, Abider tourism area, and Village Oraman Takht amusement park each with a coefficient of 0.872, 0.851 and 0.77 and with rank 1, 2 and 3 respectively.
Geography and plan
Mohsen Shaterian; Sedighe kiani salmi; Mahmood Ganjipour
Abstract
In the late decades, the development of industrial activities in the rural areas of Iran have caused some changes in different aspects of these areas which influence the special patterns of rural areas. This article aims to identify the changes that have been the results of industrial development and ...
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In the late decades, the development of industrial activities in the rural areas of Iran have caused some changes in different aspects of these areas which influence the special patterns of rural areas. This article aims to identify the changes that have been the results of industrial development and it’s reflection in the development of rural residential areas. The main intention of this study is to analyze the special consequences (economic, social and anatomical) of the industrial center of Kashan in the development of neighboring rural areas. The industrial center consists of three factories that are for making essence, making equipment for gardeners and distillers and the Barij Company. All of the above companies are called the Industrial Center of Barij Essence. It has employed 1050 workers from amongst whom 120 people were identified and the questionnaires were randomly distributed among these workers. To analyze the data based on the measurement variables, descriptive and analytic methods (T) were used. The results showed that economically, having rural industries has led to an increase in the people’s intake of calories, seeing more consumption in long lasting goods and more satisfaction in the native people of the area. In addition, there is more social involvement, improvements in not wasting the residents’ free time, decreasing of natives immigration out of the rural areas and finally anatomically, quantity and quality improvement in the rural houses.
Geography and plan
Mousa Aazami; Parisa Safahan
Abstract
The informative society is seen as the central element of rural development at the beginning of the third millennium and the development of information technology and communication in villages has always been considered in current summits across the world. Nowadays, information and communication technology ...
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The informative society is seen as the central element of rural development at the beginning of the third millennium and the development of information technology and communication in villages has always been considered in current summits across the world. Nowadays, information and communication technology service offices are the basis of electronic government. Therefore, recognition of these offices is necessary for sustainable rural development. The purpose of this research was a comparative analysis between the current situation and the desirable situation of e-government services in the rural districts of the Hamedan province as perceived by their directors (Hamedan, Bahar and Famenin Counties). The study population consists of 91 respondents who were chosen and studied through the census method. The findings of this research study consist of two sections. The items related to satisfaction with the activities in information and communication technology service offices were prioritized in the first section. Moreover, the current and the desirable conditions for electronic service provision were identified. The gap between these two were analyzed in the second section. The results indicate that there is a significant difference between these two conditions of electronic service provisions in rural areas. This significant difference was recognized through the paired T test at the 0.05 level with 6.33 value that illustrates the existence of a gap between these two situations. Electronic government, information technology and communication, information and communication technology service offices
Geography and plan
Hassan Afrakhteh; Hamid Jalalian; arezoo anvari; Ayub Manouchehri
Abstract
Rural settlements have changed over time in different aspects. These changes can improve livability and quality of life in the settlements. In recent decades, one of the changes that the pre-urban villages have faced is that they were integrated into cities by the physical development of cities. This ...
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Rural settlements have changed over time in different aspects. These changes can improve livability and quality of life in the settlements. In recent decades, one of the changes that the pre-urban villages have faced is that they were integrated into cities by the physical development of cities. This integration results in significant changes in various aspects of life and it can be useful in improving or reduction of viability of villages. The purpose of this research is the role analysis of social capital on the livability of integrated villages in the city of Miandoab. The research method used in this study was descriptive – analytical. Data collection tools were library research and field survey (observation, interviews and questionnaires). Multiple regression and geographically weighted regression were used for data analysis. The results show that in the Miandoab city, the villages that were closer to the city and had a better position relative to other cities in the region in terms of communications and potential for accepting immigrants and had a negative social capital coefficient. The low level of social capital in these villages has caused a reduction of their viability.
Geography and plan
Saeed Reza Akbarian Ronizi; Rana Shaykh-Baygloo
Abstract
Nowadays, sustainability is considered by planners and researchers to be a dominant approach for development of rural tourism. In this respect, a variety of research studies have been done for studying this paradigm leading to introduction of various conceptual frameworks such as sustainability ...
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Nowadays, sustainability is considered by planners and researchers to be a dominant approach for development of rural tourism. In this respect, a variety of research studies have been done for studying this paradigm leading to introduction of various conceptual frameworks such as sustainability and strategic planning of tourism development. In this way, the present study attempts to provide a convenient basis for sustainable tourism development in the Qalat village located in the Shiraz sub-province through determining the sustainability based on the viewpoints of the host society about on tourism, and offering the appropriate strategic plan. This study is an applied research with the descriptive analytic method. The needed data has been gathered through library studies and field work. Descriptive statistical methods were carried out for data analysis. Statistical population of the research includes tourists and local native families. Analysis of local residents' perceptions shows undesirability of tourism development and approaching the threshold of saturation of sustainability of the tolerance of tourism. Yet, there exists a significant difference among the host society population's view based on their employment condition. Considering the results of this study, adopting a defensive strategy is necessary in the policy making and planning development of rural tourism in the village under study.
Geography and plan
Seyed Saeedreza Ahmadizadeh; javad Dawoudian
Abstract
This study aims to study and prioritize the most important services of carbon Sequestration International Project on Empowering Local Communities in the scope of study. Three functions or services of project were studied and evaluated. Services or functions of granting the productions loans for employment ...
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This study aims to study and prioritize the most important services of carbon Sequestration International Project on Empowering Local Communities in the scope of study. Three functions or services of project were studied and evaluated. Services or functions of granting the productions loans for employment and etc., the functions of Desertification and restoring the rangelands, and finally the function of facilities available to local people including solar and desalination bathroom were chosen as the studied options. The results showed that the most distance from solving Fuzzy Topsis is related to facilities with 1.63 and the option or function of Livestock production with 1.18 has the minimum solution of Fuzzy Topsis. On the other hand, the results showed that the solution of anti-Fuzzy Topsis for Livestock production with 1.52 has the most distance and criteria of facilities has the least distance with 0.95. Since the amount of Similarity index is closer to 1 for the criteria of Livestock Production. This criteria is selected as the most important and the first function of Carbon Sequestration International Project and desertification and restoring grasslands is selected as the second function and facilities is selected as the third function of project.
Geography and plan
Vahid Riahi Riahi; Farhad Azizpour; azar nouri
Abstract
Environmental sustainability of rural settlements based on a systematic viewpoint may be defined as a realization of sustainable development in different social, economic and environmental aspects of rural areas. Achieving this goal requires that we pay more attention to effective elements and factors ...
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Environmental sustainability of rural settlements based on a systematic viewpoint may be defined as a realization of sustainable development in different social, economic and environmental aspects of rural areas. Achieving this goal requires that we pay more attention to effective elements and factors through a set of sustainability indices. This research was meant to analyze sustainable factors of rural settlement in three dimensions: environmental, social and economic context using multi-criteria decision analysis and explanation of the relationships between its active and effective factors in the rural area of the Khorramdarreh County in the province of Zanjan. The research method used is the descriptive analytic approach. Data from 287 households were sampled randomly from a total of 1143 households in the four villages including: Rahmat Abad, Alvand, Baghdareh and, Sukhariz (out of 15 villages) in the Khorramdarreh County. In the process of doing this research and after calculating the weights, the difference in the sustainability of environmental, social, economic and physical aspects in rural areas of this county have been determined. Data was collected using library and field research through questionnaires. Data analysis was performed by the One-Sample t Test and the Vikur and path analysis techniques, using statistical software SPSS. The findings show that environmental sustainability in the study area is half desirable. Among the different aspects of environmental sustainability, the most effective factors are physical, economic, social and environmental aspects, respectively. Little attention of policy-making –system to socio-cultural and environmental aspects, especially in practice, and rapid and unplanned utilization of production resources are the most important factors affecting this situation in two given dimensions. Although, in programmed documents the planning system agents emphasize on the socio-cultural sustainability - especially environmental aspects, they ignore the implementation of approved policies in action. However, the role of villagers without necessary training in rapid utilization of resources should not be neglected.
Geography and plan
Jeyran Chamcham; Ali Asghar Mirakzadeh; Abas Mahravan
Abstract
Modernization of rural housing based on the principles of sustainability is one of the most important prerequisites for achieving sustainable development in rural areas. This can only be achieved by knowing the exact status of rural housing and its range of stability. And rural planning is not possible ...
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Modernization of rural housing based on the principles of sustainability is one of the most important prerequisites for achieving sustainable development in rural areas. This can only be achieved by knowing the exact status of rural housing and its range of stability. And rural planning is not possible without it. On the other hand, survey of the stability of the different aspects of rural housing will have a decisive role in decisions related to how to promote this project aimed at sustainable rural development. Therefore, this study we have investigated and compared the economic, Social, environmental, technical and physical aspects of new rural housing with sustainability approach, quantitative paradigm and the case study method. The statistical population in the study were all the people of Baba Hoseyn Bridge Village from which a number were selected who had reconstructed their homes. The results are shown in 4 dimensions of new housing's economic, social, environmental, technical and physical aspects in the Baba Hoseyn Bridge Village although they have very little inclination towards sustainability. Despite this, the hybrid economic index for reconstruction of rural housing turned out to be more stable than other metrics.
Geography and plan
Hassan Afrakhteh Afrakhteh; sayed amir tofighian asl
Abstract
Identifying the structure of regional development and their peripheral potentials is of vital importance to a fair spatial distribution of resources and services at the national and regional levels. For this purpose, 55 variables must be used in the form of seven indicators of economical, health, educational, ...
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Identifying the structure of regional development and their peripheral potentials is of vital importance to a fair spatial distribution of resources and services at the national and regional levels. For this purpose, 55 variables must be used in the form of seven indicators of economical, health, educational, administrative, political, communications, physical space including recreational and cultural that are required for rural development. These variables should be used by descriptive analytical methods and measurements of quantitative data. The Mauritius model may be used in order to determine the spatial distribution of services in the villages in the region of the municipalities. The results show that there is a relatively large spatial difference in the degrees development in rural areas of the city in which the average index of economic indicators and health in rural development - being 26.25 and 28.02 are is much lower than the average rate of educational development (i.e. 53.7). And in a total of 11 districts of the city, only South Shroud is highly developed and municipalities of Kakan, Chin and Chenaar are deprived and there are no developed districts there Also, the poorest and the most developed districts are located in the central part. The reason for this could be population density, increased migration, and distance to the center of the district. In total, the Margoon region (including Zylayy and Margoon municipalities) are more developed when compared with other parts of the city in all of the parameters studied. In fact, regions that have suffered from stagnation in the course development need attention to be allocated space and resources plus planning.
Geography and plan
Adel Sulaimany; Hasan Afrakhteh; Rafat Sulaimany
Abstract
Determination and identification of areas with economic potential, particularly in the production and processing of agricultural products and targeted investments in rural, urban and regional planning, is one of the important issues and it has a critical role in increasing employment, income, rural productivity ...
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Determination and identification of areas with economic potential, particularly in the production and processing of agricultural products and targeted investments in rural, urban and regional planning, is one of the important issues and it has a critical role in increasing employment, income, rural productivity and improve livelihood of this country. In this context, the aim of this study is to establish priority locations for processing agricultural cooperatives in rural areas of the West provinces (i.e. Kermanshah, Kurdistan, Ilam, Lorestan and Hamedan) by using TOPSIS. For this purpose, the availability of raw materials were selected as one of the most important factors affecting the establishment of cooperatives in rural areas of the West of the Country, and it was used to determine the weights while studying the literature by using the snowball sampling method. For this purpose, eleven instructor and experts from the industries in charge of agricultural products processing were selected and their comments were used. The results showed that based on the availability of raw materials to industries, rural areas of Kermanshah and Hamadan had the highest level of TOPSIS method based cooperatives and the rural areas in the provinces of Lorestan, Kurdistan, and Ilam was ranked third to the fifth.
Geography and plan
Ali Shams; Javad Ahadzade; Alireza Abbasi; Hooshmandan Moghadam Fard
Abstract
Proper planning and implementation of sound programs and strategies is vital to agricultural development. Recognizing current problems and strengths of any section is required in the first step. One of the most important problems in the Iranian agriculture sector is land fragmentation. The purpose ...
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Proper planning and implementation of sound programs and strategies is vital to agricultural development. Recognizing current problems and strengths of any section is required in the first step. One of the most important problems in the Iranian agriculture sector is land fragmentation. The purpose of this descriptive-correlational study was to investigate wheat farmers’ attitude and land consolidation solutions from their viewpoints in the Hashtrood Township in year 2013. A group of experts from different majors confirmed the validity of the questionnaire used as our research tool and by conducting a pilot test and the Cronbach’s alpha was calculated to be equal to 0.85 for attitude scale and 0.8 for solution scale, and hence its reliability was verified. The target population consisted of all of the wheat farmers in the Hashtrood Township in the East Azerbaijan province 186 of whom were selected as samples from 15 villages based on Cochran’s sampling formula and the multi stage randomized sampling method. An analysis of the attitudes of wheat farmers revealed that 67.7 and 32.3 percent of them have unfavorable and neutral attitudes towards land consolidation. Also, there is a significant positive relationship between farming experience and their attitude in land consolidation, but there is a negative relationship between it and their total land segments. Factor analysis of data revealed that four factors named as deterrent actions, cooperative-common actions, supportive-infrastructural actions and motivational extension actions explained 59.9% of land consolidation solutions by wheat farmers.
Geography and plan
Saeid Reza Akbarian Ronizi; Seyyed Abbas Rajaie; Mehdi Ramezanzadeh Lasboyee
Abstract
Rural development is one of the most important processes that is considered in different countries. Rural development needs to recognize the different important components. Social welfare is one of the important components using which enables us to reduce the problems of villages. By this issue we can ...
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Rural development is one of the most important processes that is considered in different countries. Rural development needs to recognize the different important components. Social welfare is one of the important components using which enables us to reduce the problems of villages. By this issue we can reduce many problems in rural areas. This study tries to assess and determine the level of social welfare in rural areas of the Kheir area in the Estahban province. The research method that is used is based on descriptive - analysis and field methods (questionnaires and documents). The sample size is 313 persons that reside in twelve villages. The sample size was selected by the Cochran’s model. In order to analyze data, we also used both statistical methods (descriptive and inferential statistics) and TOPSIS and Morris methods. The results show that social welfare varies between villages in case study. This value is between 0.11 – 0.95. Social welfare in the rural areas is higher than the average (0.596). The results also show that there is a significant relationship between social welfare and two criteria: population and services. Also there is a statistically significant indirect relationship between distance from the center of township and social welfare.
Geography and plan
karim Naderi Mahdei; Hamid Mahmoudian; Heshmatolah Saadi
