Rural Development Strategies

Abstract the present study aimed to investigate the success rate of three rangeland cooperatives in the villages of Barabad, Negin Baniyabad, and Mehrabad in Khaf County, the factors affecting their success, and the obstacles and limitations in 2019. In order to sample from the statistical population of cooperative members, a stratified random sampling method was used. The study was conducted using a questionnaire and the sample size was 98 people, including 80 cooperative members and 18 cooperative managers. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire were examined based on the opinions of experts and the average value of Cronbach's alpha coefficient. In order to investigate the factors affecting the success of rangeland cooperatives, Pearson correlation coefficients and chi-square values were used. Then, with the help of stepwise regression, the effective factors were extracted. Also, Student's t-test was used to compare the success of rangeland cooperatives from the perspective of ordinary members and rangeland cooperative managers. Friedman test was used to prioritize variables. Participants in the study reported the success rate of Khaf County rangeland cooperatives as good with an average of 4.26. Among the managerial competencies, the ability to establish appropriate and effective communication with rangers was selected as the most important competency of managers of rangeland cooperatives. Three educational and extension activities, including extension visits, contact with natural resource promoters, and educational and extension classes, have the greatest impact on the success of cooperatives. Among the socio-cultural factors, active and effective communication between rangeland cooperatives and the level of education of cooperative managers, both with a score of 4, are among the most important factors affecting the success of rangeland cooperatives. Among all the factors studied, management factors and carrying out side activities with respective scores of 4.13, 3.98, and3.95, had the greatest impact on the success of cooperatives. The results of prioritizing obstacles and limitations showed that the lack of effective government support and interference instead of support, weakness and financial problems are the main obstacles to the success of these companies (R2=60). It is recommended that an integrated program be implemented to empower the managers of the cooperatives.

Abstract Increasing the consumption of medicinal plants has many benefits, including creating employment and generating income for producers, especially in rural communities whose livelihoods are highly dependent on nature. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the factors affecting the consumption of medicinal plants and its status in the market in order to provide the most important factors for the development of this type of exploitation. This study examines the presentation and consumption of medicinal plants and the attitude and belief of people in it in the perfumeries of Torbat Heydarieh. Descriptive research method and collection tool was done using a questionnaire designed by the researcher. The statistical population of this study was the most important and significant perfumers of Torbat Heydariyeh and buyers of medicinal plants. The sample size using the Cochran's formula is equal to 383 which includes127 prominent perfumers of Torbat Heydarieh city and 256 buyers of medicinal plants were selected. After collecting the data by a questionnaire, the research data were analyzed using SPSS23 software. The results showed that there was a significant and positive relationship between the manner of keeping medicinal plants and the amount of consumption of people (r = 0.32) and the relationship between the supply of medicinal plants and the amount of consumption of people (r = 0.390) Was obtained. Between people's attitudes and beliefs about the effectiveness of medicinal plants and Consumption of people (r = 0.582) and a significant and positive relationship was obtained between having a degree related to medicinal plants and the amount of consumption of medicinal plants by people (r = 0.376). Therefore, only by increasing the awareness of consumers about the benefits of using medicinal plants and also by changing the way of supplying medicinal plants from traditional to modern methods, it is possible to help the development of the market of medicinal plants.

Abstract With the importance of medicinal and economic of shrubs Rhus coriaria, the aim of this study was to determine the most important ecological factors affecting its distribution in its natural habitats in Mashhad rangelands. Sampling was done by systematic-random sampling method with 3 transects and 10 plots per transect and vegetation parameters and environmental factors were measured. Soil properties were sampled from the beginning and end of each transect. Statistical analyzes were performed using R software and analysis of variance, considering the normality of the data. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to investigate the distribution of environmental factors. Results of analysis of variance of measured factors showed that there were no significant differences between percentages of sand, clay, silt and soil texture as well as percent and slope factors. Mostly distributed in eastern and southeast oriental species, loamy soil texture, slope percentage between slopes of 30-37% and soil sand percentage between 42-46%, The silt percentage is between 37 and 44% and the clay content is between 13 and 19%. The results showed that among the factors of height, annual rainfall, electrical conductivity, carbon, phosphorus, potassium, lime, acidity, mean annual temperature, there was a significant difference between the studied sites at 1% level of annual maximum and minimum annual temperature; In other words, these factors are not the most important factors of species distribution and they only differ among the studied habitats and cause differentiation of species.