Morteza Ashrafi; Mahmoud Hooshmand; Ali Keramatzadeh
Abstract
Regarding the current situation of the country and importance role of the rural community in balanced development and also due to the problems and issues which this society is facing to, rural sustainable development seems necessary. This study aims to investigate agricultural sustainability development ...
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Regarding the current situation of the country and importance role of the rural community in balanced development and also due to the problems and issues which this society is facing to, rural sustainable development seems necessary. This study aims to investigate agricultural sustainability development as a case study in Kashmar village and classifies villages in three sustainable, unsustainable and semi sustainable. Statistics and information were collected from the department of agriculture and data collected by 187 questionnaires from farmers and 14 questionnaires from experts 2008-9 and 2012-13. In order to assess the sustainability, economic, social and environmental indicators have been used. Calculating indicators and giving weight to each indicator, agreement programming approach was used to classify villages in each rural district. The results showed that during the studied period, sustainable development indicators have been improved in villages and rural areas have proceeded to the world sustainable development.
Geography and plan
mahdi charaghi; Behruz Mohammadi Yeganeh; samaneh sadat musavi zare
Abstract
In many developed countries and developing countries, agriculture is not the only source of employment and income for rural households. Income from non-agricultural activities is also very important. The present study is conducted with the aim to investigate the effect of non-farm income ...
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In many developed countries and developing countries, agriculture is not the only source of employment and income for rural households. Income from non-agricultural activities is also very important. The present study is conducted with the aim to investigate the effect of non-farm income on household food security. The aim of the present study based on its objective is applied research and method of application is descriptive – analytical while the research population is the rural villages of the Fazl township. The number of samples to complete the questionnaire was determined using a sample of 304 households. The questionnaires were filled in a systematic sampling method for calculating the level of food security and the food insecurity scale and standardization calories is used. Classification of food security in rural households shows that 56.9 percent of households suffer from with food insecurity, food insecurity without hunger is 30.3 percent, 11.5 percent and 1.3 percent of households with moderate food insecurity with hunger and food insecurity with hunger are severe. The following classification is based on a basket of commodities for household food security in the rural study and it shows that 40.79 percent of the respondents have food security and 59.21 percent suffer from food insecurity.
bahram imani; behroz fathi
Abstract
Village’s managers’ selection as a new rural management can be considered as a turning point in the history of rural management From the beginning, the village management have been using cooperation, people's participation, government grants to resolve the public needs, improve and clean ...
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Village’s managers’ selection as a new rural management can be considered as a turning point in the history of rural management From the beginning, the village management have been using cooperation, people's participation, government grants to resolve the public needs, improve and clean the environment, maintaining and exploiting infrastructure, to do their activities. The purpose of the present research is to investigate the functioning of the organizations in a proper governance framework from the point of view of the residents of the villages of the central part of Ardabil city.The present research is practical in terms of its purpose and the descriptive-analytical in nature. The statistical population of this study is 34 villages with a population of 28199 and 8151 families. The sample size was estimated at 380 people based on the Cochran formula. The dispersion of samples' numbers in the villages was distributed based on their populations and the selection of samples in rural areas has been systematically random. In order to analyze of the village’s managers, eight indicators (Participation, legitimacy, accountability, accountability, pivotal justice, collective agreement, transparency, efficiency and effectiveness) were used in 60 items. The questionnaire was designed with closed questions in the form of the five-choice Likert scale. The formal validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by a panel of expert professors. The reliability of the questionnaire was 0.784 based on Cronbach's alpha. The results of one-sample t-test with a mean of 2.07 showed that the proper governance of the villages of the central ardabil villages was lower than the average. The results show of the work of the governors is less than the average according to the proper rule of the residents of villages in the central part of Ardebil and is not in desirable conditions.
Tourism
Parisa Sadat Sohrabi; Davod Mokhtati
Abstract
Combining entrepreneurship and ecotourism is one of the best ways to diversify the economies of communities, especially rural areas, to create jobs and generate wealth and prosperity. And when agriculture alone is not able to provide the job opportunities needed by young people, it creates new job opportunities ...
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Combining entrepreneurship and ecotourism is one of the best ways to diversify the economies of communities, especially rural areas, to create jobs and generate wealth and prosperity. And when agriculture alone is not able to provide the job opportunities needed by young people, it creates new job opportunities in industry and services. The purpose of this study is to identify the components, indicators and their effects in order to properly manage and implement "ecotourism entrepreneurship" in Azarshahrchay valley and make maximum use of the potential of this region. In this regard, in this study, first the standard indicators of ecotourism entrepreneurship development were extracted through library resources. Then, using Micmac software, which is designed to perform complex cross-matrix calculations in future research and study of quality indicators, the relationship and impact of each of the components in the field of entrepreneurship was determined. Judgments about the impact of each indicator on trends in this software were made based on interviews, questionnaires and field studies. The statistical population of the study is the residents of the villages of Azarshahrchai valley, especially the owners of ecotourism-related businesses. Findings show that the general entrepreneurial environment of ecotourism in the region is unstable due to lack of proper planning, weak legislation and long and tedious investment administrative process. The results suggest that "geographical diversity" as a potential for the development of ecotourism entrepreneurship in Azarshahrchai Valley, for reasons such as economic barriers, weak legislation, lack of bank credit to encourage entrepreneurship and inadequate administrative system and long and tedious bureaucracy, The syntax is not used well. To the extent that components such as the clarity of laws, the protection and encouragement of laws, bank credit and income as incentives are more than "geographical diversity". Also, among the effective socio-behavioral characteristics of entrepreneurs, the effect of "risk-taking" is more than success. And this means entrepreneurship in the Azarshahrchai valley is facing a lot of risk.
Agricultural Extension and Education
rostam fathi; amir azizpanah
Abstract
Due to various limitations in order to provide face-to-face training to farmers, it is more important to use methods that can make access to new sciences possible with minimal time and cost. One of these methods is the use of information and communication technology, which is significantly expanding ...
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Due to various limitations in order to provide face-to-face training to farmers, it is more important to use methods that can make access to new sciences possible with minimal time and cost. One of these methods is the use of information and communication technology, which is significantly expanding in the agricultural sector. Therefore, it is necessary to know the factors affecting the use of these technologies. The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors affecting the use of these technologies among farmers in northern Khuzestan in 1399. A sample of 150 people was selected using cluster sampling method and SPSS software and logistic regression were used to analyze the data. The results showed that the age variable has a significant decreasing effect on the use of training based on information and communication technologies and for each year of decreasing age, these trainings increase by 0/03 units. For one hour of increase in extension training, 0/04 units and for each increase of farmer income, use of training increased by 0/14 units. The effect of land size and membership in cooperatives on the use of ICT-based training was insignificant. The predictive sensitivity of the regression model was 0.75.8 and its detectability was 0.81.8 respectively. In general in 0.79.3 cases, the estimated model correctly predicted the categories. Due to the greater impact of farmer income on the use of ICT-based training, it is suggested that the cost of the Internet for web-based agricultural training platforms be reduced as much as possible.
Geography and plan
Mohsen Shaterian; Sedighe kiani salmi; Mahmood Ganjipour
Abstract
In the late decades, the development of industrial activities in the rural areas of Iran have caused some changes in different aspects of these areas which influence the special patterns of rural areas. This article aims to identify the changes that have been the results of industrial development and ...
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In the late decades, the development of industrial activities in the rural areas of Iran have caused some changes in different aspects of these areas which influence the special patterns of rural areas. This article aims to identify the changes that have been the results of industrial development and it’s reflection in the development of rural residential areas. The main intention of this study is to analyze the special consequences (economic, social and anatomical) of the industrial center of Kashan in the development of neighboring rural areas. The industrial center consists of three factories that are for making essence, making equipment for gardeners and distillers and the Barij Company. All of the above companies are called the Industrial Center of Barij Essence. It has employed 1050 workers from amongst whom 120 people were identified and the questionnaires were randomly distributed among these workers. To analyze the data based on the measurement variables, descriptive and analytic methods (T) were used. The results showed that economically, having rural industries has led to an increase in the people’s intake of calories, seeing more consumption in long lasting goods and more satisfaction in the native people of the area. In addition, there is more social involvement, improvements in not wasting the residents’ free time, decreasing of natives immigration out of the rural areas and finally anatomically, quantity and quality improvement in the rural houses.
Agricultural Extension and Education
Siamak Nabizadeh; Mohammadreza Mahboobi; Gholam Hossein Abdollahzadeh
Abstract
This paper aims to assess sustainable farmlands management in the Malekan County. The target population consisted of wheat growers among which 162 farmers were selected according to the multistage cluster selection method. The research tool used was a questionnaire whose face validity ...
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This paper aims to assess sustainable farmlands management in the Malekan County. The target population consisted of wheat growers among which 162 farmers were selected according to the multistage cluster selection method. The research tool used was a questionnaire whose face validity was confirmed by comments from faculty members and experts in the Malekan Agri- Jihad and its reliability was confirmed using Cronbach’s alpha (average 0.71). Sustainability was measured by establishing composite index for six components of sustainable land management. The results of assessing sustainable land management revealed that 19.1% of the farmers were in an unsustainable situation, 34% of them were in a fairly unsustainable situation, 26.5% of them were in a fairly sustainable situation and 20.4% of them were in a sustainable situation. The results of correlation coefficient showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between age and farming experience with “stability and acceptability”, land size and farm income with “stability, acceptability and technical knowledge”, wheat yield and consumed fertilizer with “security”, land plots with “acceptability” and using farm machinery with “productivity, stability, acceptability and technical knowledge”. There is also a negative and significant relationship between non-farm income and “productivity” and consumed fertilizers and “security”.
Rural Development
Seyed reza hosseini kahnooj; Fatemeh narooei amiri
Abstract
Villages can play a key role in achieving the goals of a resilient economy through the absorption of a large portion of the country's resources, which requires addressing the challenges ahead. The purpose of this study was to identify and analyze the challenges facing the realization of resistive economy ...
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Villages can play a key role in achieving the goals of a resilient economy through the absorption of a large portion of the country's resources, which requires addressing the challenges ahead. The purpose of this study was to identify and analyze the challenges facing the realization of resistive economy in rural areas of Roodbarjanob descriptive-analytical method. The type of sampling in this study is stratified random. For this purpose, 7 villages with a population of over 100 and capable of agriculture (as the most important activity in the area) were selected from the settlements of this village as a total sample of 1119 According to Cochran's formula and calculating the 6% error, 167 people were selected as the sample. This process was implemented in 1396. Factor analysis was used to analyze the data and prioritize the challenges. At the end, the villages were ranked by using Prometheus software. The results showed that among the most important challenges in the realization of the resistive economy, the environmental hazard component has the highest impact factor. The results of Prometheus software showed that Aliabad and Abdul Abad villages were in the first priority with respect to the specified factor indices. Considering that these villages are the cradle of different economic talents, it is suggested to implement spinning, matting, poultry, livestock and bee projects, beeswax, various agricultural projects and medicinal plants cultivation. It could be a groundbreaking development for Brzeg in the countryside.
Env
Milad joodidamirchi; mozhdeh maleki; Yousef Hedjazi
Abstract
Women's participation in agricultural activities is important. The purpose of this study was Canonical Analysis of the social factors affecting the participation of rural women in post-harvest operations in Moghan plain. The statistical population of this study was all farmers of Moghan plain (N = 1303). ...
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Women's participation in agricultural activities is important. The purpose of this study was Canonical Analysis of the social factors affecting the participation of rural women in post-harvest operations in Moghan plain. The statistical population of this study was all farmers of Moghan plain (N = 1303). Using Cochran's formula, 210 of them were selected as sample size. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data. In order to determine the validity of the questionnaire from experts' point of view, its reliability was confirmed using Cronbach's alpha (0.89). Research variables included transportation, storage, processing, packaging and marketing. Membership in the production co-operative, village council, microfinance fund and parent association were also considered as independent variables. The results showed that horticulturists working in production cooperatives had less marketing skills, while village gardeners had better skills. According to the findings of the present study, external education (comprehensive training of members and co-operative directors by the Cooperative Office, Agricultural Jihad and Promotion Organizations, ... in the field of sales and marketing of their products) and internal training (mutual learning of cooperative members And rural councils on marketing, etc.), networking at the individual level (social capital) and institutional level (political capital), adopting supportive policies of the cooperative sector and village council (insurance Products, marketing, credits) and the creation of infrastructure with the involvement of rural microfinance funds with government support.
Geography and plan
Behroz mohamadi yeganeh; Manijeh ahmadi; Mahdi cheraghi; mina soltani
Abstract
AbstractHousing in rural areas has a special role in meeting basic human needs. Considering the various functions of rural housing, it is important to study the impact of various factors on how it changes and evolves. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of lifestyle on the physical ...
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AbstractHousing in rural areas has a special role in meeting basic human needs. Considering the various functions of rural housing, it is important to study the impact of various factors on how it changes and evolves. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of lifestyle on the physical identity of housing in rural areas. The present study was conducted in the first half of 1399 by data collection, library and field methods and using tools (questionnaire, observation); the type of research is applied and the research method is descriptive-analytical. The statistical population of the research is the households of the villages of Gozeldareh rural district, which in the 1395 census has eight inhabited villages: including 1451 households and 4864 people. Among households, 305 households were selected using the Cochran's formula as a sample and from each village, based on the percentage of households, a number of samples were completed to complete a questionnaire and simple random sampling. The method of data analysis was quantitative and using descriptive statistics (mean, frequency percentage and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (path analysis). According to this; in the physical dimension of index housing (adequacy of housing for rest) with an average of 3.27% and in the dimension of attachment to the index place (villagers' efforts to resolve social disputes) with an average of 3.77% is the most important. According to the results of the inferential test, the dimensions of lifestyle as an independent variable and housing identity as a dependent variable, and among the dimensions of lifestyle, the dimension of spiritual health with the highest beta (0.494) is the most influential factor. The main proposal of the present study is to provide housing rehabilitation credit facilities taking into account the living needs of the villagers.
Geography and plan
Hassan Afrakhteh Afrakhteh; sayed amir tofighian asl
Abstract
Identifying the structure of regional development and their peripheral potentials is of vital importance to a fair spatial distribution of resources and services at the national and regional levels. For this purpose, 55 variables must be used in the form of seven indicators of economical, health, educational, ...
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Identifying the structure of regional development and their peripheral potentials is of vital importance to a fair spatial distribution of resources and services at the national and regional levels. For this purpose, 55 variables must be used in the form of seven indicators of economical, health, educational, administrative, political, communications, physical space including recreational and cultural that are required for rural development. These variables should be used by descriptive analytical methods and measurements of quantitative data. The Mauritius model may be used in order to determine the spatial distribution of services in the villages in the region of the municipalities. The results show that there is a relatively large spatial difference in the degrees development in rural areas of the city in which the average index of economic indicators and health in rural development - being 26.25 and 28.02 are is much lower than the average rate of educational development (i.e. 53.7). And in a total of 11 districts of the city, only South Shroud is highly developed and municipalities of Kakan, Chin and Chenaar are deprived and there are no developed districts there Also, the poorest and the most developed districts are located in the central part. The reason for this could be population density, increased migration, and distance to the center of the district. In total, the Margoon region (including Zylayy and Margoon municipalities) are more developed when compared with other parts of the city in all of the parameters studied. In fact, regions that have suffered from stagnation in the course development need attention to be allocated space and resources plus planning.
Geography and plan
Jamshid Einali; Ahmad romyani; asiye Esmaili
Abstract
Today, tourism is an activity is one of the high income activities in the world that has economic, social and cultural development values and it can play an important role in the development of underdeveloped regions. The purpose of this study is the prioritization of tourist areas of Kurdistan. The ...
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Today, tourism is an activity is one of the high income activities in the world that has economic, social and cultural development values and it can play an important role in the development of underdeveloped regions. The purpose of this study is the prioritization of tourist areas of Kurdistan. The study seeks to answer which of the tourist attraction regions have better conditions for direct investment and development. The type of this research study is applied descriptive analytical method of research, and library and field study methods (observation, interviews, and questionnaires) were used for collecting data. In order to analyze data VIKOR and TOPSIS models were used. The results using TOPSIS indicate that the samples areas for tourism such as the Abider, Zarivar Lake, Village Oraman Takht amusement park each have a coefficient of 0.007, 0.071, and .103 and with rank of 1, 2 and 3 and the other samples tourism areas Zarivar Lake, Abider tourism area, and Village Oraman Takht amusement park each with a coefficient of 0.872, 0.851 and 0.77 and with rank 1, 2 and 3 respectively.
Agricultural Extension and Education
Parivash Moradi; Enayat Abbasi; Majid Reza Khodaverdian
Abstract
Human habitats have always been subject to change considering the available construction space as well as internal and external processes evolved. The rural settlements, as part of the geographic system, which consist of components related to each other, are influenced by the position of the place - ...
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Human habitats have always been subject to change considering the available construction space as well as internal and external processes evolved. The rural settlements, as part of the geographic system, which consist of components related to each other, are influenced by the position of the place - space, interaction or communication (internal and external local, regional and national scale) and they are always subject to changes in the structure and functioning of rural areas in different regions. The method of this research is descriptive-analytic and a large field study, documentary and library method are used to collect information. In order to investigate the structural-functional changes in these villages, indicators were selected in different dimensions (environmental-ecological, socio-cultural, economic-livelihoods, physical, physical), which were estimated by random sampling of 317 samples. The questionnaire was used by residents of rural households whose validity was confirmed by some experts. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient (0.77) was used to determine the reliability of the main scale of the questionnaire. After completing the questionnaire, information analysis and hypothesis testing were evaluated using t-test and spearman correlation and the difference between these indices in rural development. The results show that the environmental - ecological villages saw an increase in deep wells, reducing the discharge of springs and aqueducts, changes in land use and the social dimension with increased migration and immigration, the government policies, the economics and these have affected rural habitats.
saeid kamyabi
Abstract
The study of environmental factors affecting the growth and development of rural and urban areas leads to determining the optimal aspects of future urban development and the potential of the environment for spatial expansion. In this study, land suitability for physical-spatial development of Shahmirzad ...
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The study of environmental factors affecting the growth and development of rural and urban areas leads to determining the optimal aspects of future urban development and the potential of the environment for spatial expansion. In this study, land suitability for physical-spatial development of Shahmirzad village in the north of Mahdishahr, Semnan province, where the settlement of dwellings and uses in its geographical environment (Chakeh river basin) does not have relative morphodynamic stability, based on ten criteria in four proposed areas The descriptive-analytical method was performed with the aim of providing location and appropriate solutions for Shahmirzad's future development, and the weighting of related criteria and parameters was done from AHP hierarchical model and Makhdoom model with the help of experts' knowledge and Chois export software. Based on the studies, it was concluded that different urban geographical areas of Shahmirzad (Shahmirzad North Shahmirzad South, Shahmirzad East and Shahmirzad West) are not quantitatively and qualitatively homogeneous in terms of application and distribution of environmental methods and the distribution of residential spatial in Relation to indicators such as people's inclinations, height and slope of land, situation in relation to natural hazards, distance from agricultural lands and gardens, distance from surface water, area, land ownership factor (endowment and government land), purchase cost, preparation cost And the situation with respect to heterogeneous uses) is not commensurate. Meanwhile, economic indicators such as purchase cost and preparation cost and land ownership factor accounted for more than 50% of the share of the city's expansion to high-risk areas in terms of natural hazards (floods, landslides and earthquakes) and destruction. , Capture fertile gardens and change land use. Any development must be done in accordance with ecological constraints, while purposeful development is to be formed between the four areas for the future development of Shahmirzad and based on the horizon of sustainable development. After evaluation and zoning, it was found that the eastern area (eastern Shahmirzad area and around Kolahdooz town) has more environmental potential for the future sustainable development of Shahmirzad space than the west, north and south of the city.
Tourism
Rokhsareh Asadikorom
Abstract
Rural tourism serve as one of the appropriate options for making money, creating jobs, positive developments and positive developments in villages that are considered. Therefore, the main objective of this research study is to identify the capabilities Meymand village for tourist attraction and ...
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Rural tourism serve as one of the appropriate options for making money, creating jobs, positive developments and positive developments in villages that are considered. Therefore, the main objective of this research study is to identify the capabilities Meymand village for tourist attraction and development of a tourism development strategic plan by using a set of internal factors (strengths, weaknesses) and a set of external factors (opportunities, threats). The research is of the descriptive type and analytical methods are used for data processing. Collecting information and data required by a library study and field studies were conducted by the researchers , the information collected was analyzed by using the SWOT technique (to find strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats) and proper regional tourism development strategic plan was adopted. As a result, seventeen strengths and opportunities were identified in the village versus twelve weaknesses and threats. It affects tourism functions in Meymand. The results from strategic SWOT study imply that among the internal and external factors affecting the development of tourism in Meymand, the T4, O8, W4, S4 parameters have weights of 0.39, 0.51, 0.6, and 0.72 respectively. Moreover, the internal factors (3.21) and external (3.26) for assessment matrices indicate that the conditions of the region for tourism are at their optimal points. The result of the strategies adopted from SWOT indicated that (SO) with a score of 3.41 is the top priority, and (ST) with a score of 3.29, (WO) with a score of 3.17, (WT) with a score of 3.05 are successively the next priorities in the Merman tourism plan for the year 2016.
Agri Eco.
Hamed Eskandari Damaneh; Hossein Noroozi; Hassan Khosravi; Hamed Rafiee; Emran Taheri Rykande
Abstract
Jazmoryan Wetland is one of the most sensitive ecosystems in the South East of the country which is declining due to dam construction in upstream as well as deficiency of environmental water supply. The wetland seem to dry out due to its geographical location and construction of Bampour Diversion Dam ...
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Jazmoryan Wetland is one of the most sensitive ecosystems in the South East of the country which is declining due to dam construction in upstream as well as deficiency of environmental water supply. The wetland seem to dry out due to its geographical location and construction of Bampour Diversion Dam and Jiroft Reservoir Dam on major rivers flowing to this wetland. One of the solutions proposed by some researchers to restore the aquatic environments is to fallow some parts of irrigated lands fed by water behind the dams and release these resources. Hence, the present study was aimed to investigate the feasibility of implementing low-crop planting plan to restore Jazmoryan wetland. The study was run by using data from 212 questionnaires in 2014. In order to analyze the factors affecting the participation of farmers in the project, a two-stage Heckman method consisting of two patterns of probit and linear regression was used. The results of probit pattern showed that variables of acreage, education, occupation, number of household members and income of farmers had a significant effects on their willingness to participate in the restoration of Jazmoryan wetland. However, according to the results of linear regression pattern, variables of acreage, age, education, marriage status, number of household members and income had a significant effects on the willingness of farmers to participate in the restoration of Jazmoryan wetland. According to the results, 61% of farmers were not willing to participate in the proposed plan. It is suggested that if the government is willing to implement low-crop planting project, the percentage of participation in the plan will be increased by developing appropriate lateral plans and presenting solutions which are accepted by the farmers.
Env
nazila jeshan shahriari; hamid Jalalian; Ahmad Haj Alizadeh; saeid nasire zare
Abstract
This study investigated the empowerment program of the local community of Ghale Ganj city in Kerman province on the empowerment of women in the villages of Sorkh Qale rural district. This research is used in terms of purpose and in terms of analytical-correlation method. The statistical population was ...
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This study investigated the empowerment program of the local community of Ghale Ganj city in Kerman province on the empowerment of women in the villages of Sorkh Qale rural district. This research is used in terms of purpose and in terms of analytical-correlation method. The statistical population was 975 rural women covered by this project in the Red Fort area. 138 samples were obtained based on Cochran's formula. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire whose validity was confirmed by experts and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Distribution and selection of samples were done based on their ratio and randomly. According to the results, the implementation of this plan in the dimension of personality has increased confidence, sense of independence, value and increased decision-making power in women, which in turn, their participation in council elections and management in their village in the social dimension has increased. Social credibility is the credibility of ideas and opinions in the family and society, as well as the proper upbringing of children in the family. But economically, the project has only created an entrepreneurial spirit among women and has not been successful in many economic variables. Therefore, creating conditions in the form of financing, creating appropriate credit and savings funds, and creating diversity in activities and educational programs among women to start economic activities, can lead to employment, savings and diversity in their economic activities. Be. Also, according to other research findings, there is a significant relationship between the variables of age, level of education and marital status of women with their empowerment.
Agri Eco.
Alireza Karbasi; Seyed Mahdi Hoseyni; Amir Dadrasmoghadam; Hamideh Hamidipour
Abstract
Saffron is one of the strategic products of the agricultural sector in Iran’s South Khorasan province, the second largest producer which has a special place in Iran's non-oil exports. Unfortunately, the dispersion of saffron lands and the existence of smallholder units, while increasing costs and ...
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Saffron is one of the strategic products of the agricultural sector in Iran’s South Khorasan province, the second largest producer which has a special place in Iran's non-oil exports. Unfortunately, the dispersion of saffron lands and the existence of smallholder units, while increasing costs and reducing yields, have made it difficult to use new technology and implement modern irrigation projects and has reduced the profit, productivity and production efficiency of saffron growers in the region so that in recent years, many saffron growers have gradually devoted saffron lands to other crops. Land consolidation strategy is of great economic and agricultural importance. This strategy can lead to the optimal use of production inputs. The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors affecting the land integration by saffron growers in Ghaenat county in South Khorasan province. In the completed questionnaire, lands were divided into three levels of small, medium and large-scale farms in terms of size. The results showed that the final effects of the variables of number of households, new technology and tools, knowledge of new production methods, existence of risk in production and performance have been effective on the integration of saffron farmers' lands in both medium and large land levels. In level 2 lands with medium scale (between 3 to 5 hectares), the variables of yield, technology and new tools and knowledge of new methods of saffron production have a significant negative, negative and positive effect on the use of medium scale lands, respectively. Level 3 lands (large scale), the effect of two variables on the number of households and the existence of risk in saffron production on land integration and use of large-scale lands have been negative and significant and the three variables of saffron yield per hectare, new technology and tools and Knowledge of new methods of saffron production with sizes of 0.003, 0.16 and 0.06, respectively, has a positive and significant effect on land integration or large-scale land use. Therefore, by increasing the yield of saffron per hectare, new technology and tools and knowledge of new production methods provide better conditions for land integration and large-scale land use. Therefore, it is suggested that by awareness and informing saffron farmers about new technology and tools, as well as by training and acquiring more specialized knowledge in the field of saffron production, farmers from land integration or the use of large-scale lands in order to improve efficiency and productivity will be further supported.
Rural Development
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to analysis of effective factors on decreasing of rural youth social alienation decreasing in the Ardabil County. The research method was analytical -explanative survey type. It can be said that studied population in this study consists of all youth living in rural ...
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The purpose of the present study was to analysis of effective factors on decreasing of rural youth social alienation decreasing in the Ardabil County. The research method was analytical -explanative survey type. It can be said that studied population in this study consists of all youth living in rural areas of Ardabil County in 2016 (N= 49297), among which 382 persons were selected as statistical sample using Cochran formula. Sample size was determined based on the Cochran’s formula and the required data were collected through questionnaires. Content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by professors and experts and its reliability was determined based on Cronbach's alpha (0.79-0.85). In order to analyze the data, factor analysis model was used and the results of this model showed the most important factor reduction of youth social alienation in studied region includes four components (reinforcement of social capital, reinforcement of psychological capital, reinforcement of cognitive capacities and religion believes and promotion of enjoinment and overcoming of happiness space and hope) that explained variance and the cumulative variance by the five factors 61.62.
Fereshteh Hafezi; Mehdi Rahimian; Saeid Gholamrezai
Abstract
The main purpose of this survey research is to evaluate the rural youth tendency to employment in agricultural sub-sectors in the Beyranshahr County in the Lorestan province. The statistical population consisted of 15 to 24-year old youth in the Beyranshahr County (N= 1404). Then 181 of them were selected ...
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The main purpose of this survey research is to evaluate the rural youth tendency to employment in agricultural sub-sectors in the Beyranshahr County in the Lorestan province. The statistical population consisted of 15 to 24-year old youth in the Beyranshahr County (N= 1404). Then 181 of them were selected as a statistical sample by using Cochran’s formula. The samples were selected in two stages. The first step is choosing the sample size proportional to the population in every village. Then, the samples that was specified in each village were chosen and the data was collected by using a questionnaire. Questionnaire's reliability and validity were confirmed, respectively through computing Cronbach's alpha coefficient and content validity. Finally, the data was analyzed by the SPSS software. The result showed that youth of the Beyranshahr County have respectively the most and least tendency to employment in horticulture and brokering (purchase and sale) of agricultural products. In addition, the tendency of youth to employment in the horticulture sub-sector such as collecting and processing medicinal plants in the forest and pastures and or industrial processes and packaging them exist more in youth in whose villages such activities are dominant as compared with the youth in whose villages such activities are not dominant.
Agri Eco.
Azam Nejatianpour; Abdolkarim Esmaeili
Abstract
Rural development is necessary due to the growth in population and the reduction of food resources. Thus, development of rural agro industries is one of the most important issues for politicians and researchers. The agro industry can play an important role in the use of agricultural products as raw materials ...
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Rural development is necessary due to the growth in population and the reduction of food resources. Thus, development of rural agro industries is one of the most important issues for politicians and researchers. The agro industry can play an important role in the use of agricultural products as raw materials and the ensuing development of rural areas. Therefore, this study was carried out aimed at the analysis of factors affecting the export of food industry products in the Khorasan Razavi province. For this purpose, the factors were classified into five main groups based on a review of previous studies and viewpoints of that were obtained after interviewing with sixty experts in this field, These five groups are: macroeconomic, business and market, technical, financial and credit and the exchange process factors for analysis. Then Path Analysis Models were used for analyzing the impact of these factors. The results showed that macro economic, business and market and financial and credit factors have direct effects on the export of the products of the food industry. Furthermore, technical and exchange process factors have an indirect effect on the export of products of the food industry.
Agricultural Extension and Education
Mohsen Maleki; Reza Dehghani bidgoli; Reza Ghane Moghadam
Abstract
Natural resource projects have several objectives at various levels of technical, social policy which mainly include control and eradication of erosion and waste water, optimizing the use of water and soil resources, increasing production of watersheds, including plant and animal husbandry, increase ...
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Natural resource projects have several objectives at various levels of technical, social policy which mainly include control and eradication of erosion and waste water, optimizing the use of water and soil resources, increasing production of watersheds, including plant and animal husbandry, increase in income of residents of watersheds and reducing damage caused by soil erosion and floods and other goals. In natural resources and watershed management programs, it is necessary to consider the social, economic and organizational factors affecting both inside and outside the watershed. This research was carried out with the aim of evaluating the actions of natural resources and watershed management on the social and economic situation of beneficiaries that are living in the basin, such as people's satisfaction and attitude, popular participation, and popular acceptance of the projects. Also, the effects of project implementation in terms of stakeholders in Ghareshiran basin where natural resource projects have been implemented has also been studied. This research is a descriptive-correlational research. The statistical population of this research, using the Cochran formula, consisted of 200 family caretakers from the beneficiaries and residents of this area, who were questioned by systematic random sampling. A questionnaire was used to determine the validity of the data. Validity was confirmed by a specialist. SPSS software was used to determine the reliability and Cronbach's alpha was 0.78. Based on the results, the implementation of plans in the region, the income situation of 35%, the yield and the cost of water products increased 26%, the yield and the cost of garden products 10%, and the yield of forage production 12%. Also, the greatest effect of implementation of the implemented projects in the region on the flood disaster problem with an average of 1.01 and improving the economic situation of the operators was 1.70. It had little effect on the reduction of immigration and unemployment.
Rural Development
Yousef Darvishi
Abstract
Implementation of the Rural Development Plan aimed at providing a platform for rural revitalization and social, economic, physical and environmental aspects and equity and appropriate facilities, would provide relative prosperity and quality of life for villagers. The purpose ...
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Implementation of the Rural Development Plan aimed at providing a platform for rural revitalization and social, economic, physical and environmental aspects and equity and appropriate facilities, would provide relative prosperity and quality of life for villagers. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of rural development plans on the quality of life of rural households in Ardabil city. The research method used in this study is descriptive-analytical and the statistical population of this study includes all heads of households living in rural areas of Ardabil city (6881 households). Simple random sampling method was selected and evaluated. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by relevant experts and its reliability was confirmed by pre-test and Cronbach's alpha coefficient (0.74). Statistical analysis of research data was performed using statistical software package (SPSS) and statistical tests of factor analysis and correlation analysis. In order to evaluate the factors affecting the quality of rural life, 15 variables were tested in three components using factor analysis model. The results of factor analysis showed that 68.49% of the total variance was attributed to the social and economic dimension affecting the quality of life of the villagers. Credit and financial services, security against natural disasters, poverty alleviation and motivation for career development are the four main factors affecting the quality of life in the study area. The lines dedicated to the rural development plan should not only focus on the autopsy of the villages but also a different plans must be appended on the social, economic and environmental conditions of different villages appended to it.
Agricultural Extension and Education
Rehaneh soltani moqadas; Masoud Khoran
Abstract
Abstract Due to being in mountainous regions, Sarkal County has not developed much either physically or agriculturally. However, its specific climatic conditions have provided an opportunity to establish rainfed vineyards. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potentials and capability of the region ...
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Abstract Due to being in mountainous regions, Sarkal County has not developed much either physically or agriculturally. However, its specific climatic conditions have provided an opportunity to establish rainfed vineyards. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potentials and capability of the region for establishing rainfed vineyards as well as identify the benefits of rainfed vineyards for future planning. For this purpose, a questionnaire was prepared and sent to 83 grape growers in 31 villages. In addition, associated managers were interviewed according to 343 Kookran formula. The current study offers solutions for developing rainfed vineyards, applying the measurement method, case studies, and also enumerating the pros and cons, and opportunities as well as threats based on SWOT. As the next step, the provided solutions were prioritized based on QSPM matrix. The results showed that the solutions for developing rainfed vineyards are kind of aggressive solutions. According to the internal factors assessment Matrix, the final score of 2.52 shows that establishing and developing rainfed vineyards based on internal factors in Sarkal County is highly possible. Moreover, the external factors assessment Matrix with a total score of 3.44 shows that in the present conditions, the development of rainfed vineyards in Sarkal County reinforces the opportunities. Finally, SO6 approach titled “constructing Agro-processing industries to save the vintage and cut down the damages” was selected and introduced using QSPM matrix, which reads.
Geography and plan
shadi khoob; Aliakbar Anabestani
Abstract
Today, most people, especially in rural areas, are denied access to financial services such as microcredit, whether in the form of facilities or savings. This is if microcredit can boost entrepreneurial incentives among people who are thinking of starting a business in rural areas with potential, such ...
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Today, most people, especially in rural areas, are denied access to financial services such as microcredit, whether in the form of facilities or savings. This is if microcredit can boost entrepreneurial incentives among people who are thinking of starting a business in rural areas with potential, such as Radkan County. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to identify the barriers and limitations of using public micro-credit in the development of rural entrepreneurial activities in Radkan village. From the paradigm perspective, this research is considered as a qualitative research and has been carried out with a pathological approach and with the aim of exploration (obstacles and problems of using micro-government credits). In this study, the method of basic theory and the method of qualitative and semi-structured in-depth interviews have been used to collect information and data in 13 studied villages. Therefore, data collection was done first at the library level for theoretical review of the problem and then with unstructured and open interviews. The sample population consisted of 29 rural entrepreneurs from Radkan village and 68 rural people. The collected data were analyzed through content analysis and classified through open coding, central coding, and selective coding. Findings from the research have led to the extraction of the conceptual model of barriers and limitations to the use of microcredit for entrepreneurship. The findings showed that entrepreneurs and rural people due to obstacles and restrictions (economic, social and institutional-administrative) such as: insufficient loan amount, long process of obtaining loans, high interest rates and interest of banks, complexity of administrative and banking affairs and ... They stop taking loans.
