Geography and plan
Vahid Riahi; Farhad Javan; Omid Sheikhkanlu Milan
Abstract
. There are many financial institutions and good credit funds that can play a significant role in economic development by providing low-interest microcredit. Villages in different sectors should entrepreneurship, job creation and economic development, etc. Therefore, the present study investigates the ...
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. There are many financial institutions and good credit funds that can play a significant role in economic development by providing low-interest microcredit. Villages in different sectors should entrepreneurship, job creation and economic development, etc. Therefore, the present study investigates the effects of the Omid Entrepreneurship Fund on the economic development of rural settlements in Khoy city. The present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical method. Data collection was done using two methods of library and field based on a researcher-made questionnaire. Also, in order to analyze the information, fuzzy multi-criteria decision model (TOPSIS) and Expert choice software, SPSS, GIS have been used. The results of regression to examine the effects of Omid Entrepreneurship Fund on the economic development of Khoy rural settlements, indicate the high impact of Omid Entrepreneurship Fund on the economic development of the studied villages. Beta coefficients also showed that among the indicators of economic development included in the regression equation, the share of Omid Entrepreneurship Fund in the index of reducing economic dependence on others is higher than other economic indicators. In order to identify the role of Omid Entrepreneurship Fund in each of the economic indicators, the direct and indirect effects of the independent variable on the dependent variable have been identified. All eleven indicators had a direct and indirect relationship with the Entrepreneurship Fund at the level of p = 0.000 (99% confidence). In order to review and rank the indicators of economic development, according to the Omid Entrepreneurship Fund, Expert Choice software has been used. The results showed that the index of increasing the level of production to the amount of weight obtained was 0.130, the highest importance and the index of decreasing the pre-sale of products due to the weight of 0.065, the least important from the perspective of experts. Finally, the results of spatial analysis of rural settlements using the TOPSIS model indicate that the most efficient in economic development in terms of creating employment projects in the village of Mahlzan (rank 1) with a numerical value of 0.70 And other villages are in the next ranks.
Agricultural Extension and Education
Somayeh Chegini; Ali Shams; ahmad Gheidi; Esmail Karami Dehkordi
Abstract
The marketing behavior of olive farmers is different and their behavior is affected by several factors. Because of the strategic importance of olive in the agricultural economics of the Tarom Township, this descriptive - correlational study was aimed to investigate the marketing behavior of olive farmers ...
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The marketing behavior of olive farmers is different and their behavior is affected by several factors. Because of the strategic importance of olive in the agricultural economics of the Tarom Township, this descriptive - correlational study was aimed to investigate the marketing behavior of olive farmers and the relevant factors effective in the Tarom Township. The statistical population under study consisted of all of the olive farmers in the Tarom Township in 2013 (N=7500) 160 of whom were selected by randomized multi-stage sampling based on Cochran's sampling formula. The research tool was a questionnaire whose validity was verified by a panel of experts in this field and its reliability were obtained by calculating the Cronbach's alpha coefficient greater than 0.7 for composite indices. The results showed that olive farmers market their olive products by three methods named as green, canned and broken and the variables of age, olive price, quantity and quality of production, size of garden, number of participants in extension classes and risk taking status have a significant relationship with marketing behavior of the farmers.
Tourism
Mostafa Mohammadi; Seyyed Mohammad Mirtaghian Rudsari; Razieh Rabani
Abstract
Speed and acceleration are always accompanied by a decrease in accuracy, an increase in the error rate and, as a result, a defect in the output. Today, there is a significant tendency to transform and change fast activities to slow ones in tourism in order to enjoy the beauty of slowness during vacations ...
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Speed and acceleration are always accompanied by a decrease in accuracy, an increase in the error rate and, as a result, a defect in the output. Today, there is a significant tendency to transform and change fast activities to slow ones in tourism in order to enjoy the beauty of slowness during vacations and travel. Currently, the nature of rural destinations is such that it can be considered as a more ideal set or perspective than other destinations for facilitating slow tourism. In this regard, the current research seeks to measure the impact of slow tourism factors on the development of rural destinations. The research method is exploratory-explanatory in terms of purpose and mixed in terms of nature. In the qualitative method, a semi-structured interviews were used for data collection and three-stage coding based on content analysis was used for data analysis. Also, in the quantitative method, a researcher-made questionnaire (extracted from the qualitative section) was used to collect data and structural equation modeling based on partial least squares was used for data analysis. The time domain of the research was from the fall of 1399 to the end of the summer of 1400. The findings of the research indicate that the eight factors "time, slow marketing, slow products, slow hospitality experience, slow economy, slow socio-cultural atmosphere, slow physical space and slow policy making" in Slow tourism development and six factors "resources and attractions, advertising and marketing, economic factors, socio-cultural factors, environmental factors and political factors" were abstracted in the development of rural tourism. It was also found that slow tourism and the factors affecting it have a positive and significant effect on the development of Javaherdeh village tourism. Management and practical suggestions based on the results were presented at the end of the research.
Rural Development
Nilofar Soufi; Aliasghar Mirakzadeh
Abstract
Food insecurity is a major obstacle to the wellfare and development of rural areas and if a serious solution is not found, the future of mankind will be in jeopardy. Meanwhile, rural household’s headwomen are more vulnerable than other groups. Therefore, the main purpose of this study was to analyze ...
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Food insecurity is a major obstacle to the wellfare and development of rural areas and if a serious solution is not found, the future of mankind will be in jeopardy. Meanwhile, rural household’s headwomen are more vulnerable than other groups. Therefore, the main purpose of this study was to analyze the causes of food insecurity of rural household’s headwomen in Kermanshah and to identify the strategies to deal with it. The research was carried out by descriptive-survey method. Statistical population consisted of rural household’s headwomen in Kermanshah County (N=2215) by which using Krejcie and Morgan sampling table, 235 women were selected as a sample applying multi-stage sampling method. Research Instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire, that its validity was confirmed by a panel of experts and Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to assess the reliability (α=0.79-0.84). The results showed that about 85% of women suffer from food insecurity. The results also revealed that increasing the number of family members, and the cost of clothing and transportation increases food insecurity. Food insecurity has decreased by increasing literacy. Based on the results, doing extra work is the most important local strategy used by women to deal with food insecurity.sustainable employment and income was the most important necessary strategy to combat food insecurity.Therefore, by providing sustainable employment opportunities and income through education and empowerment of rural household’s headwomen, the severity of food insecurity in this group of society can be reduced.Keywords: Food security, Household’s Headwomen, Rural poverty, Food insecurity.
Agricultural Extension and Education
Masoumeh Forouzani; Masoud Yazdanpanah; Fatemeh Taheri
Abstract
In recent years, fresh water has been increasingly reduced and saline water has been one of the options to help the continuity and stability of agricultural activities. Hence, long-term sustainability of saline water irrigation depends on how to manage it at the fields. Optimal management requires identifying ...
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In recent years, fresh water has been increasingly reduced and saline water has been one of the options to help the continuity and stability of agricultural activities. Hence, long-term sustainability of saline water irrigation depends on how to manage it at the fields. Optimal management requires identifying the factors affecting it. In this regard, this study used the descriptive–survey method to analyze the factors affecting the optimal management of saline water based on the Sustainable Livelihoods Framework. The statistical population of the study consisted of all the farmers of the Karun County (N=19720). By using the table of Krejcie and Morgan, the sample size was determined (n= 120). The sample was chosen through the simple random sampling method. Data were collected using a questionnaire. The questionnaire's face and content validity were approved by a panel of the agricultural extension and education experts and its reliability was confirmed by calculating the Cranach’s alpha coefficient (0.65-0.83). The data was analyzed by using the SPSS software. At the first stage the variables was converted to standard scores in order to construct livelihood assets indices. Then, principal component analysis was ran to assign the weights of the indicators. The results showed that farmers' management behavior in using saline water was dominated by technical management manners. Social capital and physical capital were known as the most and least livelihood assets of farmers, respectively. Also, there were statistically significant differences in farmers' management behavior based on their livelihood assets.
Agricultural Extension and Education
Tahereh Maleki; parviz golparvar; shapur zarifian
Abstract
Rural entrepreneurship, as an economic force for sustainable rural development plays a key role in the achievement of social and economic development in a society. One of the best examples of rural entrepreneurship is rural micro business that creates jobs, generate wealth and contribute to a more equitable ...
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Rural entrepreneurship, as an economic force for sustainable rural development plays a key role in the achievement of social and economic development in a society. One of the best examples of rural entrepreneurship is rural micro business that creates jobs, generate wealth and contribute to a more equitable distribution of income that much attention has been paid by rural development experts to it, recently. But, unfortunately, based on evidence, development of rural micro businesses in our country has faced many challenges. Therefore, the purpose of this survey research was to determine the Barriers Factors for developing rural micro-businesses. 130 head of household was selected using stratified random sampling technique. The results of factor analysis showed, four factors instance: the weakness of socio-cultural structure that affecting on rural entrepreneurship, technical-Protective barriers, Manufacturing-marketing barriers, institutional-legal barriers determined 59.4 percent of total variance barriers to rural micro business development. The results of this study have practical implications for is entrepreneurship policy – makers due to resolve rural micro business barriers and provide required strategies for developing them.
Tourism
Hosein Farahani; Seysde Parvin Hoseyni; SHadi Bayazidi
Abstract
The study of literature on rural development and planning shows that one of the most well-known rural development strategies is entrepreneurship. Hence, what is at stake here is the importance of the role of rural entrepreneurship and rural business. In this regard, this research aims to analyze the ...
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The study of literature on rural development and planning shows that one of the most well-known rural development strategies is entrepreneurship. Hence, what is at stake here is the importance of the role of rural entrepreneurship and rural business. In this regard, this research aims to analyze the factors affecting entrepreneurship in the rural tourism sector, which is descriptive-analytical in terms of its nature and method and with regard to its intended purposes. The statistical population in this study was the population living in the villages of Zoeram Township. According to the modified version of Cochran, 131 questionnaires were prepared. The data and data were collected in 2017 using library and field studies (observation and completion of questionnaires). After collecting data from the questionnaire, using simple random sampling, data obtained after encoding were analyzed by descriptive and analytic statistical methods using the SPSS and AMOS software. The results showed that economic, social, natural - ecological and organizational factors are effective in creating rural tourism space. And the weakness of the individual situation with the least amount of evidence suggests that it has a negative effect on the creation of a tourism entrepreneurial environment, which can even be regarded as an effective barrier, in spite of a progressive barrier with creative intellectual enhancement and entrepreneurship can be transformed into an opportunity and improved conditions.
Rural Development
Zoleikha Naderkhan; Skandar Seidaiy
Abstract
Creating industry in rural areas that have potential can be the best strategy for empowering rural areas. Industry is capable of developing rural areas through employment, income generation and welfare. Since the Angouran section has the largest lead and zinc mines in the Middle East, it has created ...
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Creating industry in rural areas that have potential can be the best strategy for empowering rural areas. Industry is capable of developing rural areas through employment, income generation and welfare. Since the Angouran section has the largest lead and zinc mines in the Middle East, it has created the necessary conditions for the establishment of several companies in the region which excavate and process these metal materials. These companies are big industries and have created a lot of employment opportunities in the region. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impacts of lead and zinc companies on the economic and social development of rural Angouran. To achieve this goal, descriptive-analytical method was used and the method of data collection was field work. The statistical population of the study is all of the rural heads of households in the Angouran region. The research tool is a questionnaire that consists of 300 questions and the data were analyzed using the SPSS software package. According to the results, these companies have a significant impact on increasing literacy, health and social welfare in the social dimension and increasing income and savings, creating new job opportunities and attracting urban capital in the economic dimensions of life. The negative consequences of these companies have been in the social dimension, i.e. decline of young people's interest in agriculture and decline of labor force in the agricultural sector. Its negative impacts in the economic dimension is increased consumerism of households and rising land prices.
Agri Eco.
nasibeh zarei; hossein mehrabi boshrabadi; hamid reza mirzaei khalil abadi
Abstract
In the current study, the effects of farming systems on potato production factors productivity were investigated in the 2011-2012. The data were collected using two stages cluster sampling and preparing 208 questionnaires submitted to farmers in the Koredestan and Hamedan Provinces. The efficacy of farming ...
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In the current study, the effects of farming systems on potato production factors productivity were investigated in the 2011-2012. The data were collected using two stages cluster sampling and preparing 208 questionnaires submitted to farmers in the Koredestan and Hamedan Provinces. The efficacy of farming systems computed using dummy variable, and to select the best produce function, flexible and non-flexible functions were studied. Results indicated that production function Cobb-Douglas is better than the other tested functions. In addition, the effect of ownership farming system on production factors productivity was positive while the effect of other farming systems was found to be negative. Therefore, it is recommended that Ministry of Jahad-e-Agriculture encourage farmers to buy rental land and wells over the long-term period by giving low interest loans.
Geography and plan
Siavash Ataei; Hassan Hassan Afrakhteh,; Hossein Tavakoli Kojani
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate the position of modern rural management (performance of councils and villagers) in the economic and social developments of Kahrizak rural settlements. The analytical research method is based on library, documentary and field studies. The statistical population ...
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The purpose of this study is to investigate the position of modern rural management (performance of councils and villagers) in the economic and social developments of Kahrizak rural settlements. The analytical research method is based on library, documentary and field studies. The statistical population of the study is the residents of Kahrizak district villages who have a high population and have a council and a village council. The total population of households in the studied villages is (5913) people. Therefore, based on the Cochran's formula, 360 families were selected as the sample population. Also, 20 specialists were selected based on purposive sampling. The results of the Spearman correlation coefficient and the existence of weak correlation indicate the fact that there is no positive and significant relationship between the performance of councils and villages and the economic and social developments of Kahrizak rural settlements. Furthermore, the results of Mamdani fuzzy ranking for spatial analysis of economic and social developments in rural areas of Kahrizak with emphasis on the performance of councils and villagers showed, respectively, villages (Gol Hesar, Ghamsar, Dehno, Darsonabad, Nouchman Zamin Castle) has been characterized by moderate downward economic and social developments with emphasis on modern rural management, as well as villages (Ismailabad, Salmanabad, Qaisarabad, Kabirabad, Jahanabad, Torquzabad, Khairabad, Azimabad) shows a very low level of economic and social developments.
Agri Eco.
Mohammad-Sadeq Gholipour; Ahmad Abedi-Sarvestani; Ramtin Joolaie
Abstract
The importance of the market for agricultural products is as important as the production of the product. However, marketing has always been one of the major problems of smallholder and family farmers. The present descriptive survey research has investigated the marketing efficiency of agricultural products ...
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The importance of the market for agricultural products is as important as the production of the product. However, marketing has always been one of the major problems of smallholder and family farmers. The present descriptive survey research has investigated the marketing efficiency of agricultural products of rural small family farms. The study population included 2000 family farmers in Basht county in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad provinces. Using the Georgian and Morgan table, 322 of them were studied by random cluster sampling. A questionnaire was used to collect information, the validity of which was confirmed by referring to university professors, and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The results showed that the marketing efficiency of family farm agricultural products is equal to 2.5. In other words, one unit increase in product costs, 2.5 units in price increase, which is to the benefit of the producer and to the detriment of the consumer. However, with increasing levels of education, annual agricultural income, number of workers, local infrastructure services, and financial services, the marketing efficiency of products increases. Also, increasing in size of the owned land is inversely related to the numerical value of marketing efficiency. In other words, as the size of owned land increases, the numerical value of marketing efficiency decreases. With increasing in the annual cost of agriculture, the amount of marketing efficiency decreases. The results showed that the marketing efficiency of agricultural products of literate farmers as well as farmers with arable land size more than 1.5 hectares was higher than other farmers. In sum, only 0.3% of farmers had marketing with the desired efficiency (equal to one), and the highest efficiency was related to the path of producers to wholesalers. Establishing marketing cooperatives and promoting a suitable cultivation pattern are among the suggestions of the present study to increase the marketing efficiency of agricultural products.
Geography and plan
zahra keikha; javad Bazrafshan; sirous ghanbari; Aleme Keikha
Abstract
Occurrence of natural disasters such as floods and earthquakes in geographical areas, especially in rural areas, has devastating effects. Such incidents often endanger the health of residents by destroying economic resources and welfare and biological facilities, and those are always a serious threat ...
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Occurrence of natural disasters such as floods and earthquakes in geographical areas, especially in rural areas, has devastating effects. Such incidents often endanger the health of residents by destroying economic resources and welfare and biological facilities, and those are always a serious threat to the development of rural areas. In this regard, the purpose of this study is the spatial analysis of the extent to which the local community has economic factors affecting resilience against environmental hazards in the villages of Sistan region. This research has been done by descriptive-analytical method. The statistical population of the present study included all heads of households in 373 villages wich had more than 50 households in Sistan region. Using Cochran's formula, 189 household heads were randomly selected as a sample. In order to analyze the data, SPSS, WASPAS and Arc GIS software were used . The results of regression test on the effect of economic factors on the resilience of rural communities in Sistan region indicate that the degree of multiple correlation between Economic factors and resilience is equal to the coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.003) which shows that Economic factors have no effect on the productivity of villagers in the Sistan region. Also, the results of WASPAS ranking technique confirm that the villagers located in Nimroz and Helmand counties have the highest rate of economic resilience against natural hazards and the villagers located in Hamoon county have the lowest rate of economic resilience against risks which They are natural.
Agricultural Extension and Education
Hasan KHodayi steyar; Hossein Raheli; Hossein Kohestani; Habib SHojai mazdi
Abstract
Processing and Complementary industries are faculties witch work on producing and processing different agricultural products. Main purpose of this study is to scrutinize the obstacles and problems of active processing and complementary industry units in Sari county from viewpoint of the managers witch ...
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Processing and Complementary industries are faculties witch work on producing and processing different agricultural products. Main purpose of this study is to scrutinize the obstacles and problems of active processing and complementary industry units in Sari county from viewpoint of the managers witch is conducted with survey method. The population of this study contains 192 managers of active processing and complementary industry units in sari county witch got license from “Jahad keshavarzi” or “ministry of Industry, mine and Trade” till 2014. Sampling method of this study is simple random and the sample size (using morgan table) has 122 cases. Combining the attributive study and survey method is used for gathering data and needed information. For data analysis descriptive statistical analysis and factor analysis is used. The results of this research showed that five factors: economic, institutional and legal, inputs and materials, cultural and social, technical and technological, with the percentage of explanation 12.255, 11.22, 10.982, 10.614 and 9.82 as barriers and problems of conversion industries respectively And complementary in the city of Sari were extracted and named.
Env
Ali Asghar Mohajerani; Mansour Haghighatian; Mahdi Yousefnia
Abstract
Various socio-cultural and economic factors change the lifestyle of the people due to the changes of villages into cities. Lifestyle preferences of the people are demonstrated in leisure activities, clothing, nutrition, body management, architecture and interior design of houses. This study is aimed ...
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Various socio-cultural and economic factors change the lifestyle of the people due to the changes of villages into cities. Lifestyle preferences of the people are demonstrated in leisure activities, clothing, nutrition, body management, architecture and interior design of houses. This study is aimed to examine social, cultural and economic factors that may have an impact on the lifestyle of the residents of the villages that have been converted into cities in the Khorasan Razavi Province, namely Khaf and Roshtkhar counties. According to available information between the years 2002 -2004, three suburbs called Nashtifan, Salami and Jangal were converted into cities. Theoretical research based on the theories of Ibn-Khaldun, Weber, Veblen, Simmel, Bourdieu, Giddens and Cheney have been developed. The research method was based on a survey, and a questionnaire was developed to collect data. The results show that more changes in the lifestyles of the people in the cities Salami and Nashtifan were caused by cultural factors and those in the Jangal have been caused by economic factors. Also the results show that there is a significant relationship between social participation, political and administrative organizations, ways and means of communications, individualism, identity and relationships, indirect and secondary classes as factors of social, cultural and educational facilities, wasteful consumption and cultural capital as cultural factors, consumerism, shopping, tendency towards speculative interests, fading support of joint economic prosperity as economic factors and lifestyle.
Geography and plan
Saideh Alavi; Hossein Nazmfar; Ali Eshghei
Abstract
Recognizing the possibility and then determining the levels of having a rural society, the first step in the process is for the community planning and development. Since development is a multidimensional concept, studying different aspects of development and awareness levels and having different areas ...
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Recognizing the possibility and then determining the levels of having a rural society, the first step in the process is for the community planning and development. Since development is a multidimensional concept, studying different aspects of development and awareness levels and having different areas is an effective step in planning. This is important not only from the village point of view but from a regional aspect too. The research method is analytic. The study is intended to achieve the goal of 58 variables with PROMETHE and the GAIA model is analyzed. The results showed that the villages of the Geshlage Shomali and Savalan rank first and second and the villages of Ojarode Shomali, Mahmud Abad, Ojarode Markazi and Angote Shargi are placed last in the ratings. A total of 19 villages were studied and respectively 3 villages were Developed (35%), five villages were almost Developed (30%), 7 villages were almost Undeveloped (26%) and 4 villages were Undeveloped (9%). There is a direct relationship between the wealth and the population size of rural districts. If this process of allocation of funds and resources to large municipalities is continued small municipalities of Geography Department Urban planning Ardebil University Researcher and villages shall be emptied and cause many problems. Finally suggestions and recommendations are given according to the results.
Rural Development
Shadali Tohidloo; gholamreza mojarradi
Abstract
Life expectancy shows having a better and more appropriate standard of living. As a result, Awareness of the above index in rural areas helps government officials and rural planners in decision making. The aim of this secondary data analysis research was to estimate and zoning of life expectancy in rural ...
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Life expectancy shows having a better and more appropriate standard of living. As a result, Awareness of the above index in rural areas helps government officials and rural planners in decision making. The aim of this secondary data analysis research was to estimate and zoning of life expectancy in rural areas of Iran in 2016. In the research method, based on the official secondary data of the country, the life expectancy table was created and life expectancy were calculated for the rural areas of the provinces of the country, then these areas were zoned using Arc GIS. Based on the results, Tehran province in terms of villagers’ life expectancy has the best location among all of provinces. The amount of this index in Tehran province was different from 74.60 for all of rural people to 74.71 for rural women and 74.50 years for rural men. The worst situation of villagers’ life expectancy in Iran was related to Sistan and Blochestan province, because, the amount of this index was for all villagers’ people 67.26 and for women 67.76 and finally for men 66.76 years. The highest life expectancy between all groups and provinces, related to Tehran province rural women’s with 74.71 years and the lowest was related to the rural men of Sistan and Baluchestan with 66.76 years. Women had more life expectancy than men in all provinces. Finally, the rural people of different provinces placed in three areas of good, moderate and weak in terms of life expectancy index. Planners and policymakers can take over the elimination of deficiencies and deficits in weak areas and improve life expectancy in other areas of the appropriate actions.
Rural Development
Sayed Ramin Ghafari; hajar nasehi
Abstract
Today, human activities, comings and goings and communications at the urban and rural levels have changed a lot and these changes have been regardless of environmental conditions and the desired human environment. The present research is based on applied development goal and in terms of descriptive-analytical ...
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Today, human activities, comings and goings and communications at the urban and rural levels have changed a lot and these changes have been regardless of environmental conditions and the desired human environment. The present research is based on applied development goal and in terms of descriptive-analytical methodology based on library studies and field studies. To study, model and present the optimal model for the development of rural roads network in Shahinshahr and Meimeh. To achieve the objectives of the research, 4 indicators: natural and ecological, socio-cultural, economic and physical-spatial were extracted and surveyed by 30 experts in the field of urban and rural studies and using Smart-Pls software to analyze the factors. Exploration was done. Then, in order to present the optimal model for the development of the rural road network, the colonial competition algorithm (MST minimum tree cover) in Matlab 2016 software environment has been used, and the Tracking Analyst Tools method in spatialization of the studied indicators in Network Analyst Tools is used in the ArcGIS software environment. The results show that among the studied indicators, the socio-cultural index has the highest coefficient and impact on the development of rural road network and then the economic index is effective as a stimulus and mediator in the second category. Also, the results of spatial analysis show that Among the studied villages, 66.6% are in an unsuitable and completely unsuitable situation in terms of the development of the road network.
Rural Development
Amir Ahmadi; Mohammad Badsar; Heydar Gholizadeh; Roya Karami
Abstract
Lack of food diversity as the most important aspect of household access to food is a major challenge for rural communities. The main purpose of this study is to assess the food security status of rural households in the study area using the food diversity index and determine the main factors affecting ...
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Lack of food diversity as the most important aspect of household access to food is a major challenge for rural communities. The main purpose of this study is to assess the food security status of rural households in the study area using the food diversity index and determine the main factors affecting the household diet. This cross-sectional research is one of the applied researches that has been compiled by a descriptive-analytical method. The main tool for data collection is a combination of a standard questionnaire calculating the score of food diversity in terms of counting food groups consumed by the household in the reference period of 24 hours before the interview and a researcher-made questionnaire. The statistical population includes all rural households in West Azerbaijan province. 482 households were selected as a statistical sample by cluster sampling in several stages using Cochran's formula. The results showed that the main food groups consumed by rural households in West Azerbaijan province are cereals with% 57.9, root and tuberous plants with% 56.4 and legumes with% 49.8.Also, in terms of food diversity classification of rural households, %58.1 were in the category of moderate food diversity. Analysis of hypothetical relationships based on standard values obtained from Maximum Likelihood Estimates and Bayesian maximal estimation methods in Amos software showed that the variables of livestock ownership, education level, household size, and annual income, in general, explain% 85 of the changes in food variability dependent variables. It is suggested to diversify the sources of income and at the same time improve the level of education of the head of the household, which leads to increasing nutritional knowledge and leading the diet towards choosing and consuming healthier and more varied products in the diet of rural households
Geography and plan
Aliakbar Anabestani; Mahdi Javanshiri
Abstract
The use of digital technology has influenced the formation of the creative village as a new approach in using the existing capabilities and reviving the capacities of the village. The present study was conducted to analyze the impact of digital technology on the infrastructure of the creative village ...
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The use of digital technology has influenced the formation of the creative village as a new approach in using the existing capabilities and reviving the capacities of the village. The present study was conducted to analyze the impact of digital technology on the infrastructure of the creative village of suburban settlements in Mashhad. Research Method In the present study, descriptive-analytical and its type are fundamental in terms of purpose and documentary and field methods have been used to collect information. The statistical population of the present study includes 8 villages around the metropolis of Mashhad, which have a rural ICT office, a population of over 1000 households and are located near the city of Mashhad. According to the total number of households in the sample community (N 20813 households) and with 0.07% error in Cochran's formula, the sample size was calculated equal to 194 households that were selected from the rural community by systematic random method. Spatial analysis of the main variables was performed using FGRA and MABAC models that the villages of Gorji Sofla, Hosseinabad Gharghi and Dehroud have the highest, and the villages of Kal Zarkesh and Chahar Borj have the lowest level of use of digital technology services (RICT) and creative village infrastructure. In order to investigate the effect of digital technology (RICT) on "creative rural infrastructure", while confirming the positive correlation and significance of these two variables with Pearson correlation test, the results of structural equation modeling with partial least squares technique (PLS) show that the dimension "Awareness of RICT services" considering the direct and indirect effects, with a coefficient of 0.755, had a greater impact on the infrastructure of the creative village in the sample settlements. In general, according to the value of the coefficient of determination (R2) for the variable of creative rural infrastructure (0.969), it was determined that the impact of rural digital technology (RICT) on creative rural infrastructure is strong.
Agricultural Extension and Education
Mehdi Nooripoor; Morteza Nouri; Aiatollah Karami
Abstract
The importance of water as a life source and a requisite for survival of rural areas as well as main driver of agricultural development made it necessary to manage its usage efficiently. Thus, it is really necessary that water users have a responsible and active participation in the management of water ...
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The importance of water as a life source and a requisite for survival of rural areas as well as main driver of agricultural development made it necessary to manage its usage efficiently. Thus, it is really necessary that water users have a responsible and active participation in the management of water systems. The purpose of this survey research was to identify the factors affecting rural people's participation in the management and exploitation of irrigation and drainage networks in the Lishter Plain of Gachsaran County. Data was collected from a sample of 163 villagers which was selected based on stratified random sampling procedure. In the survey, data gathering tool was a close ended questionnaire. Its validity was verified using the face validity procedure. Its reliability was also calculated using Cronbach's alpha reliability from 0.633 to 0.923 based on a pilot study scores. The results showed that social capital, attitude towards participation, farming experience and prior participation experience have a positive and statistically significant effects on management and exploitation of irrigation systems, while other variables such as economic concerns, attitude towards official staff, the period of residency in village, educational level, planting area, number of farms and irrigation network coverage had no significant effects. The results of multiple linear regression indicated that structural factors and farming experience can explain about 0.439 of the variance of dependent variable that is participation in the management and exploitation of irrigation networks of the study area.
Sayyed Ali Asghar Davarpanah; Mehdi Nooripoor; Zeinab Sharifi
Abstract
The aim of this research was to investigate the effect of processing industries on reducing agricultural products’ wastes. A causal- comparative research method was used for this purpose. According to experts’ opinions, two villages (with & without processing industries) were ...
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The aim of this research was to investigate the effect of processing industries on reducing agricultural products’ wastes. A causal- comparative research method was used for this purpose. According to experts’ opinions, two villages (with & without processing industries) were selected. Sample size was determined as 330 ones using Krejcie and Morgan table and stratified sampling with proportional allocation. A research-made questionnaire was used to collect datawhich itsvalidity was confirmed by experts’ view and its reliability measured by calculating Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. The result of the research showed that agricultural products’ wastes in village with processing industries are less than it in village without processing industries. Other results showed that post-harvest wastes have reduced two percent because of processing industries. Furthermore, storing and preserving wastes have reduced 6. 67 percent due to processing industries. Moreover, agricultural food processing wastes have diminished 11. 67 percent. Finally, these industries cut down 23 percent of transiting and distributing agricultural wastes. According to the results of this study, the most effect of processing industries on reducing agricultural products’ wastes was in transiting and distributing stage and the least effect was in post-harvest stage.
Tahere Charkhtabian; Mousa Aazami; Karim Nadery Mahdeei
Abstract
The aim of this study is rating Hamadan`s rural areas considering rate of enjoyment of development indicators and to determine the location of studied villages in rural - Urban chain. To this end, based on data from the General Census of Population and Housing in 1385, 37 social - economic indicators ...
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The aim of this study is rating Hamadan`s rural areas considering rate of enjoyment of development indicators and to determine the location of studied villages in rural - Urban chain. To this end, based on data from the General Census of Population and Housing in 1385, 37 social - economic indicators had been selected, and classified by numerical taxonomy to determine their degree of development. The results showed, villages classified in three groups of degrees of development, including, high degrees of development (18.18%), average degree of development (63.63%), and low degree of development (18.18%). The coefficients of variation results showed that the improvement of relative development level of rural area has been not followed with equal, sustainable and integrated development. The result of positioning the village center districts in the Rural-Urban chain revealed that Famenin is the most urban area and Tajrak the most rural area in the chain.
Geography and plan
karim Naderi Mahdei; Hamid Mahmoudian; Heshmatolah Saadi
Mostafa Teimoori; Hasan Reihani Hamadani; Mohammad hadi Hajian; Mahmood Teimoori
Abstract
The purpose of this research is to investigate the potentials of investment in agriculture co-operations in compare with other investment fields of co-operation in Hamedan Province, Iran. The data required for this research, are gathered in two steps of library study and field research by utilizing researchers’ ...
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The purpose of this research is to investigate the potentials of investment in agriculture co-operations in compare with other investment fields of co-operation in Hamedan Province, Iran. The data required for this research, are gathered in two steps of library study and field research by utilizing researchers’ questionnaire. The research population includes experts, working on different aspects of co-operations in Hamedan Province, among which, based on Cochran formula, 55 elite experts are selected with simple random sampling. The questioners are filled by randomly-selected experts on year 2013. The gathered data are analyzed in Expert Choice Software by Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) Technique. Results of the research indicate that the most determinative criterion affecting on investment in different fields of co-operation is “consistency with region's physical potentials”. Moreover, according to the results, agriculture co-operations have the second position after industrial co-operations in regard to their potentials of investment.
Rural Development
sajedeh karimi
Abstract
Villages need to pay more attention to the role of information technology in order to achieve their proper performance, especially in terms of job performance and human development, amongst village councilors and rural councils. The purpose of the present study is to investigate how human development, ...
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Villages need to pay more attention to the role of information technology in order to achieve their proper performance, especially in terms of job performance and human development, amongst village councilors and rural councils. The purpose of the present study is to investigate how human development, and job performance, are based on information technology among the villagers and the Islamic councils of the villages of Natanz. The present study will use descriptive, analytical research methods. This research is also applied-developmental in terms of purpose. The statistical population of the study consisted of 150 people in the villages of Natanz in the central part of the county of Natanz, consisting of village leaders and Islamic councils. The research instrument consisted of a researcher-made questionnaire (Information Technology, Human Development and Job Performance Questionnaire) with 38 questions. The validity of the questionnaire was formal and structural, and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha of 0.81. Data analysis was performed based on structural equation analysis in Smart PLS software. The results indicate that, in general, information technology has had an impact on human development, and job performance among the village councilors and village councils in the city of Natanz. The value of T 5.33, IT influenced job performance with path coefficient of 0.44 and T value of 7.17.
