Agricultural Extension and Education
ali pazhuhan; Ahmad-reza Ommani; Navid Habibi ghahfarokhi
Abstract
The main purpose of the present study is to investigate the stability of seed producing companies in the Khuzestan Province, I.R. Iran. This research is a causal-correlational survey. The statistical population consisted of all members of the board of directors of seed producing companies in the Khuzestan ...
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The main purpose of the present study is to investigate the stability of seed producing companies in the Khuzestan Province, I.R. Iran. This research is a causal-correlational survey. The statistical population consisted of all members of the board of directors of seed producing companies in the Khuzestan Province (N=72). Seventy two questionnaires were distributed using the full enumeration method. Finally, fifty questionnaires were collected and analyzed since a few of the members were not willing to respond to the questionnaires. A questionnaire was used for data collection which was satisfactory in terms of reliability and validity. After completing the questionnaire and data collection, the SPSS software package was used for data analysis. Based on the results of the present study, a significant relationship was found between information resources, social participation, social status and education level with the dependent variable set at the level of 0.001. Also, a significant relationship was observed between the land area, number of warehouses and silos, corporate income, educational courses and age with the dependent variable set at the level of 0.005. The results of stepwise regression showed that the social status, age and corporate income account for 57 percent of the variations of the dependent variable. Moreover, the results of factor analysis related to the stabilizing factors of the seed producing companies of the Khuzestan province showed that supporting and regulatory factors, education and empowering, standardization and satisfaction, application of new technologies and business skills allocate themselves a total of 70.25 percent of the variance of stability of the seed producing companies.
Agricultural Extension and Education
saleh haghi; Ahmad Khatoonabadi; Mohammad Sadegh Ebrahimi
Abstract
Although different governments place a lot of interest in developing rural tourism targets and a lot of budgets are spend in this respect, less attention is paid to study the attitudes of the host communities towards tourism. Thus, the aim of this study was to analyze the factors that can affect ...
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Although different governments place a lot of interest in developing rural tourism targets and a lot of budgets are spend in this respect, less attention is paid to study the attitudes of the host communities towards tourism. Thus, the aim of this study was to analyze the factors that can affect the attitudes of rural people towards rural tourism in the Doroodzan District of the Marvdasht County. The research was conducted in 2015. The survey research method was used for this purpose and data were collected using a pre-designed questionnaire. The research sample included 250 villagers that were selected using Kerjcie and Morgan Sampling Table and the Random Sampling Technique. The Face validity of the questionnaire was verified by the expert faculty members and the staff of the Rural Development Management Department of the Yasouj University, and its reliability was also verified by calculating Cronbach's Alpha reliability coefficient (from 0.61 to 0.86) that was obtained from a pilot study. The results of the Path Analysis showed that value of tourism is the most effective factor for predicting the respondents' attitudes towards rural tourism. Next to that there are other variables such as income from tourism and observation that have had the most effect on the respondents' attitudes. Finally, it is recommended that the means of mass media such as local radio and television broadcast services prepare programs and campaigns about rural tourism and related topics in order to improve the attitudes of the rural people towards rural tourism.
Agricultural Extension and Education
Madineh Khosrowjerdi; Mehdi Nooripoor
Abstract
Although different governments place a lot of interest in developing rural tourism targets and a lot of budgets are spend in this respect, less attention is paid to study the attitudes of the host communities towards tourism. Thus, the aim of this study was to analyze the factors that can affect ...
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Although different governments place a lot of interest in developing rural tourism targets and a lot of budgets are spend in this respect, less attention is paid to study the attitudes of the host communities towards tourism. Thus, the aim of this study was to analyze the factors that can affect the attitudes of rural people towards rural tourism in the Doroodzan District of the Marvdasht County. The research was conducted in 2015. The survey research method was used for this purpose and data were collected using a pre-designed questionnaire. The research sample included 250 villagers that were selected using Kerjcie and Morgan Sampling Table and the Random Sampling Technique. The Face validity of the questionnaire was verified by the expert faculty members and the staff of the Rural Development Management Department of the Yasouj University, and its reliability was also verified by calculating Cronbach's Alpha reliability coefficient (from 0.61 to 0.86) that was obtained from a pilot study. The results of the Path Analysis showed that value of tourism is the most effective factor for predicting the respondents' attitudes towards rural tourism. Next to that there are other variables such as income from tourism and observation that have had the most effect on the respondents' attitudes. Finally, it is recommended that the means of mass media such as local radio and television broadcast services prepare programs and campaigns about rural tourism and related topics in order to improve the attitudes of the rural people towards rural tourism.
Agricultural Extension and Education
Masoumeh Forouzani; Masoud Yazdanpanah; Fatemeh Taheri
Abstract
In recent years, fresh water has been increasingly reduced and saline water has been one of the options to help the continuity and stability of agricultural activities. Hence, long-term sustainability of saline water irrigation depends on how to manage it at the fields. Optimal management requires identifying ...
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In recent years, fresh water has been increasingly reduced and saline water has been one of the options to help the continuity and stability of agricultural activities. Hence, long-term sustainability of saline water irrigation depends on how to manage it at the fields. Optimal management requires identifying the factors affecting it. In this regard, this study used the descriptive–survey method to analyze the factors affecting the optimal management of saline water based on the Sustainable Livelihoods Framework. The statistical population of the study consisted of all the farmers of the Karun County (N=19720). By using the table of Krejcie and Morgan, the sample size was determined (n= 120). The sample was chosen through the simple random sampling method. Data were collected using a questionnaire. The questionnaire's face and content validity were approved by a panel of the agricultural extension and education experts and its reliability was confirmed by calculating the Cranach’s alpha coefficient (0.65-0.83). The data was analyzed by using the SPSS software. At the first stage the variables was converted to standard scores in order to construct livelihood assets indices. Then, principal component analysis was ran to assign the weights of the indicators. The results showed that farmers' management behavior in using saline water was dominated by technical management manners. Social capital and physical capital were known as the most and least livelihood assets of farmers, respectively. Also, there were statistically significant differences in farmers' management behavior based on their livelihood assets.
Agricultural Extension and Education
ali pazhuhan; Ahmadreza Ommani; Cyrus Salmanzadeh
Abstract
Abstract The present study was aimed at analyzing the barriers against wheat farmers' participation in the formation of water users association within the framework of a descriptive survey. The sample of this study included 375 wheat farmers in Dez irrigation system who were selected through random cluster ...
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Abstract The present study was aimed at analyzing the barriers against wheat farmers' participation in the formation of water users association within the framework of a descriptive survey. The sample of this study included 375 wheat farmers in Dez irrigation system who were selected through random cluster sampling and were studied through a questionnaire. The reliability index of this questionnaire was estimated to be 0.89. The content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by the experts and scholars in the field. After the participants filled the questionnaires and the data were collected, the SPSS software package was used to analyze the data. In addition, the results of factor analysis related to the items of barriers led to the extraction of four barriers. These barriers, in order of importance, include the lack of proper infrastructures and economic facilities, social barriers, inadequate structural characteristics and lack of risk-taking, local organizations and lack of attention to extension activities that explain 60.78 percent of the variance of all the barriers.
Agricultural Extension and Education
Ahmad Tagdisi; Sayed Ali Nekoei Naenii
Abstract
The phenomenon of inequality between urban and rural households, mainly rural poverty is one of the things that has attracted especial attention to rural development in the world. This study is descriptive- correlational with the overall objective of ranking rural micro-credit courses based on the achievement ...
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The phenomenon of inequality between urban and rural households, mainly rural poverty is one of the things that has attracted especial attention to rural development in the world. This study is descriptive- correlational with the overall objective of ranking rural micro-credit courses based on the achievement of sustainable development in rural areas. This this research study was conducted based on confirmatory factor analysis. The population of this study included all of the personnel of credit institutions and the micro-level depositors and the Morgan table and random sampling of depositors (195) were used. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software package. The results show that Dehagh, Khezra Sin and Azadi credit institutions ranks in achieving sustainable development are the first, the second and the third, respectively. The results indicate that the environmental, economic and social dimensions of sustainable development have received very little attention. Moreover, the authorities of these units can play a significant role in directing attention to these issues. Thus, it is recommended that the authorities in charge of these units be selected based on criteria such as education level, age, and belief in cooperatives, and etc.
Agricultural Extension and Education
Fatemeh Rahimi; Masoud Yazdanpanah; Masoumeh Forouzani; Saeed Mohammadzadeh; Rob Burton
Abstract
The goal of this study is to investigate farmers’ intentions and behavior regarding water conservation in the Aleshtar County based on social capital. The statistical population in this study consisted of 6000 farmers living in the Aleshtar county A sample of 360 farmers were selected from this ...
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The goal of this study is to investigate farmers’ intentions and behavior regarding water conservation in the Aleshtar County based on social capital. The statistical population in this study consisted of 6000 farmers living in the Aleshtar county A sample of 360 farmers were selected from this population based on Krejcie and Morgan’s Table. Sampling was done by using the stratified random sampling method. Regression analysis of social factors indicated that trust in public institutions, external communication and value of life are the most important factors to predict the intention for agricultural water conservation. The results revealed that these variables on the whole could predict 40 % of the variations in intentions for agricultural water conservation. Furthermore, tolerance of variation and external communications were significantly useful to predict farmers’ water conservation behavior as well. Totally, if these variables are used, we can predict 41% of variations in farmers’ water conservational behavior. Finally, based on the research results, suggestions for better use of water by farmers have been provided.
Agricultural Extension and Education
Maryam Tajeri Moghaddam Tajeri Moghaddam; Soodabeh Pooralimardan Pooralimardan; Hossein Raheli Raheli
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to assess the extent of tendency of the farmers towards participation in the design of land consolidation in Orzuie in 2015. The statistical population in this study is farmers in the central sector of Orzuie (N=1200). 105 of whom were selected as research samples using random ...
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The purpose of this study is to assess the extent of tendency of the farmers towards participation in the design of land consolidation in Orzuie in 2015. The statistical population in this study is farmers in the central sector of Orzuie (N=1200). 105 of whom were selected as research samples using random simple sampling method. The main instrument in this study was a Researcher-Made questionnaire whose validity was confirmed by a group of experts and the Cranach's Alpha coefficient was used for the reliability (0.80-0.84). The data was analyzed by using the SPSS software. The results illustrated that 54% of farmers were highly inclined to participate in the design of land consolidation. The degree of their inclination was classified to be 27.6% in the average levels, and 17.2% in the low levels. Also, the result of stepwise multiple regressions analysis indicated that 60 percent variations of the inclination of the farmers towards participation in the design of land consolidation was determined by the extent awareness of the design of land consolidation, education and number of pieces of farmland.
Agricultural Extension and Education
Kobra Karimi; Esmail Karamidehkordi; Mohammad Badsar
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the action of rangeland-depended livestock holders regarding rangeland conservation, including protection and rehabilitation activities and to analyse relevant influencing factors, using a mixed method of survey and case study. The data were collected through ...
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The aim of this study was to investigate the action of rangeland-depended livestock holders regarding rangeland conservation, including protection and rehabilitation activities and to analyse relevant influencing factors, using a mixed method of survey and case study. The data were collected through analysing existing documents, focus groups, semi-structured and structured interviews using questionnaires submitted to 204 rural livestock holders in the Mahneshan Township. The quantitative data were analysed using SPSS and AMOS software. According to the results farmers’ knowledge regarding the role, importance and factors affecting rangeland degradation was relatively high, however they had a low level of knowledge and action about mechanical conservation techniques. The action of livestock holders in terms of biological conservation activities and grazing management showed a positive and signifincat corrletaion with variables such as implementing of rangeland projects, their interaction with external institutions, participating in extension training courses, education level and irrigated and rainfed agricultural land size. Moreover, based on a path analysis, 37% of the variance of the farmers’ actions regarding the rangeland conservation was explained by the variables such as rangeland rehabilitation actions, farmers’ conservation knowledge, farmers’ interaction with natural resources experts, beekeeping, and participating in extension training courses. Promotional and extension activities and farmers’ interaction with experts have a positive effect in enhancing farmers’ knowledge and actions for sustainable rangeland use and conservation.
Agricultural Extension and Education
fatemeh kazemiyeh; hasan sadighi; Mohammad Chizari
Abstract
Rural non-farm economy is seriously considered for using the full capacity of rural economy in developing countries. Rural tourism is a part of the tourism industry; it can play an important role in rural development, diversification of the national economy and national development through ...
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Rural non-farm economy is seriously considered for using the full capacity of rural economy in developing countries. Rural tourism is a part of the tourism industry; it can play an important role in rural development, diversification of the national economy and national development through the potential identification. The main purpose of this study was investigation and evaluation of rural tourism attractions. In order to prevent from generalization as well as to achieve exact and applicable results, villages with tourist attractions in East Azarbaijan has been chosen as the area of study. The Analytic Hierarchy Process is used to prioritize the rural areas. This technique is based on a comparison of test and reviews the various options to managers and planners. The population of the study was experts who have knowledge and experience in the field of rural tourism. The findings of this study indicated that studied villages are three levels of development priorities, the levels can be considered as a basis for planning and decision-making of managers in East Azarbaijan Province.
Agricultural Extension and Education
Zeynab Mohmedi Karbalaii; Masoud Baradaran; Bahman Khosravipour; Mansour Ghanian
Abstract
Improving agriculture, the environment and other sectors in need of passive defense that can effectively help to complete the chain of defense is in the improvement of the agricultural sector. This study is applied for the purpose of gathering data descriptive population study of rural women in two villages ...
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Improving agriculture, the environment and other sectors in need of passive defense that can effectively help to complete the chain of defense is in the improvement of the agricultural sector. This study is applied for the purpose of gathering data descriptive population study of rural women in two villages in the central city of Bavi Khuzestan Tlbovmeh Salieh and the sample size of 736 persons was estimated by using Morgan 250. The data in this study was obtained using a questionnaire designed for the faculty members of the University of Agriculture and Natural Resources of Ramin Khuzestan and the quotas were distributed randomly. Data were analyzed using the software described. Descriptive statistics and coefficient of variation in the average rate in the inferential statistical correlation test, Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare the average F. The results of descriptive statistics showed that more rural women with primary education and familiar with the environment are very young and have a lot of faith, but their participation in solving environmental problems is very low. Based on the results of the correlation, age and education level of rural women in their understanding of the importance of agricultural activities passive defense is effective. The results of the test showed that in the comparison between age and level of education, rural women who are young and highly educated with a broad vision have a variety of agricultural activities in the context of agriculture that are passive
Agricultural Extension and Education
Mehdi Nooripoor; Morteza Nouri; Aiatollah Karami
Abstract
The importance of water as a life source and a requisite for survival of rural areas as well as main driver of agricultural development made it necessary to manage its usage efficiently. Thus, it is really necessary that water users have a responsible and active participation in the management of water ...
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The importance of water as a life source and a requisite for survival of rural areas as well as main driver of agricultural development made it necessary to manage its usage efficiently. Thus, it is really necessary that water users have a responsible and active participation in the management of water systems. The purpose of this survey research was to identify the factors affecting rural people's participation in the management and exploitation of irrigation and drainage networks in the Lishter Plain of Gachsaran County. Data was collected from a sample of 163 villagers which was selected based on stratified random sampling procedure. In the survey, data gathering tool was a close ended questionnaire. Its validity was verified using the face validity procedure. Its reliability was also calculated using Cronbach's alpha reliability from 0.633 to 0.923 based on a pilot study scores. The results showed that social capital, attitude towards participation, farming experience and prior participation experience have a positive and statistically significant effects on management and exploitation of irrigation systems, while other variables such as economic concerns, attitude towards official staff, the period of residency in village, educational level, planting area, number of farms and irrigation network coverage had no significant effects. The results of multiple linear regression indicated that structural factors and farming experience can explain about 0.439 of the variance of dependent variable that is participation in the management and exploitation of irrigation networks of the study area.
Agricultural Extension and Education
Parvaneh Safari Alamouti; Ali Shams
Abstract
The descriptive- survey research was conducted to evaluate the rural waste management problems in Qazvin Township. The statistical population was consisted of all rural households in Qazvin Township (N=31338) which were selected and studied base on Cochran sampling formula and using randomized multi-stage ...
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The descriptive- survey research was conducted to evaluate the rural waste management problems in Qazvin Township. The statistical population was consisted of all rural households in Qazvin Township (N=31338) which were selected and studied base on Cochran sampling formula and using randomized multi-stage sampling method 464. The research tool was a researcher made questionnaire. In this field, the content and face validity was verified by an expert panel. The reliability of research tool was acquired by conducting a pilot study and calculation cronbach alpha coefficient equals to 0.9. Data were analyzed by SPSS/Win 18 software and exploratory factor analysis technique was used. The results revealed that six factors named as final disposal problem of household waste management (17/11 percent), educational and cultural problems of household waste (14/11 percent), health problems of household waste (12/11 percent), knowledge and health problems of agricultural wastes (8/98 percent), knowledge problem of household waste (6/99 percent), and education problem of agricultural waste (5/47 percent) were explained as 64.68 percent of total waste problems in the region.
Agricultural Extension and Education
mahdieh pourjafarabadi; atemeh pourebrahimi; hamid heydari mokarar; nima safarpour
Abstract
Agricultural processing industries in rural areas could bring the benefits of efficiency of products, increased employment and reduced agricultural waste. However, the success of the packaging for processing industries in the developing rural economy depends on the choice of the best location for the ...
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Agricultural processing industries in rural areas could bring the benefits of efficiency of products, increased employment and reduced agricultural waste. However, the success of the packaging for processing industries in the developing rural economy depends on the choice of the best location for the establishment of related industries. The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal location of processing industries - depending on the direction of economic development in rural saffron packaging in the Torbat city. Information was collected in two ways from a library. The population of the study area was in the fields of Torbat city. 19 villages were selected as samples using Cochran formula, 356 households were defined as households in the sample. Then to locate the packaging processing industries for saffron use of index of localization of the human dimension was considered normal. The data collected for analysis was gathered by using questionnaires, and the AHP model and SPSS software package were used. In this regard, the results suggest that the correlation between processing industries - depending on the size of saffron and economic development in the rural fields is based on research. Thus, the best location for saffron processing industries in the region, the villages and Colonel Asad were identified considering the natural conditions and human factors (fertile soil, access roads, etc.).
Agricultural Extension and Education
Pouria Ataei; Nasim Izadi; Ahmad Yaghubi farani
Abstract
Rural tourism can be considered as all resorts and tourism activities in rural areas based on agriculture, livestock, fishing, arts and crafts, local customs, etc. The aim of this study was the investigation of factors affecting tourism in rural areas from the viewpoints of Esfidan residents. The population ...
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Rural tourism can be considered as all resorts and tourism activities in rural areas based on agriculture, livestock, fishing, arts and crafts, local customs, etc. The aim of this study was the investigation of factors affecting tourism in rural areas from the viewpoints of Esfidan residents. The population of study was the households in the village Esfidan (544 households). Sample was estimated from 226 head of household through simple random sampling. The questionnaire was the instrument of data collection that its face validity was confirmed by a panel of experts and its reliability was assessed by a pilot test (which it’s Cronbach's alpha was 0.79). From the results, structures of the tourism were clustered into four factors: infrastructure, environmental, social and economic. In the end, according to the results of this research, recommendations were presented.
Agricultural Extension and Education
mohammad reza bakhshi; Majid Ranai; Asadollah Zamanipour; Mahmood Fal Soleyman
Abstract
Farming joint stock companies are currently growing and spread of this type of Farming Systems is already on the agenda of government. In this paper, the shareholders’ satisfaction from the performance of farming joint stock companies was evaluated. To this end, Correlation and Regression techniques ...
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Farming joint stock companies are currently growing and spread of this type of Farming Systems is already on the agenda of government. In this paper, the shareholders’ satisfaction from the performance of farming joint stock companies was evaluated. To this end, Correlation and Regression techniques were used. This research is an applied one with a descriptive-analytical approach. For collecting data, two techniques of documentary and surveying method have been used. The population of this study consisted of all 1899 shareholders of four old Farming Joint Stock companies, out of which 325 members determined as sample using Cochran Formula and stratified random sampling technique. The analysis of data was done by using SPSS software. Satisfaction was estimated at four levels: unsatisfied, relatively unsatisfied, satisfied and very satisfied. Research findings indicated 48/1 and 17/9 percent of shareholders were "satisfied" and "very satisfied", respectively, from the performance of farming joint stock companies. Members’ satisfaction from the performance of farming joint stock companies was evaluated at moderate to high level. There was a statistically significant relationship between "participation in decision making","Mode of the personnel behavior","appointment of competent persons","Diversity of products" and "shareholders’ satisfaction" level. Results of regression analysis revealed that education level, the amount of dividends, participation in decision-making and appointment of competent persons explains 83 percent of changes that occur at the level of shareholders satisfaction.
Agricultural Extension and Education
saleh shahrokhi sardo; mosa mahmoodiberam; Ali sina Moolai; Nasser Agha abasi
Abstract
A better understanding of geographical phenomena and scientific comprehending of geographical locations requires comprehensive information about these areas. In addition, the awareness of the spatial distribution and development levels are considered as prerequisites for rural development plans and programs. ...
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A better understanding of geographical phenomena and scientific comprehending of geographical locations requires comprehensive information about these areas. In addition, the awareness of the spatial distribution and development levels are considered as prerequisites for rural development plans and programs. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the development levels of rural areas in Koohrang County. Statistical population was over ten households selected among rural areas (132 villages) in Koohrang County. The required secondary data were collected and designed from the statistical yearbook of Koohrang County in 2011. In this study, a combination method of VIKOR-AHP was used to measure level of development in the villages. In addition, in order to determine the optimal distribution of indices, the Gini coefficient was used. Data processing was conducted using MATLAB7.10 and Expert Choice software. Results showed that the highest and lowest degrees of development (0.994 and 0.005) were related to "Castle of Ali-Abad" and "Dezak-Cheshmeh" villages, respectively. Moreover, results indicated that there was the unfavorable development in the study area (with average of 0. 217 in the range 0-1) in a way that most of the villages (21.46%) with 53.39% of the population in the area were completely undeveloped. Furthermore, the results based on Gini coefficient and coefficient of variability revealed that the conventional indices of rural development weren't distributed properly. Therefore, it is necessary to have special review and reconsider to determine the main service centers based on settlements hierarchical system.
Agricultural Extension and Education
Rehaneh soltani moqadas; Masoud Khoran
Abstract
Abstract Due to being in mountainous regions, Sarkal County has not developed much either physically or agriculturally. However, its specific climatic conditions have provided an opportunity to establish rainfed vineyards. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potentials and capability of the region ...
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Abstract Due to being in mountainous regions, Sarkal County has not developed much either physically or agriculturally. However, its specific climatic conditions have provided an opportunity to establish rainfed vineyards. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potentials and capability of the region for establishing rainfed vineyards as well as identify the benefits of rainfed vineyards for future planning. For this purpose, a questionnaire was prepared and sent to 83 grape growers in 31 villages. In addition, associated managers were interviewed according to 343 Kookran formula. The current study offers solutions for developing rainfed vineyards, applying the measurement method, case studies, and also enumerating the pros and cons, and opportunities as well as threats based on SWOT. As the next step, the provided solutions were prioritized based on QSPM matrix. The results showed that the solutions for developing rainfed vineyards are kind of aggressive solutions. According to the internal factors assessment Matrix, the final score of 2.52 shows that establishing and developing rainfed vineyards based on internal factors in Sarkal County is highly possible. Moreover, the external factors assessment Matrix with a total score of 3.44 shows that in the present conditions, the development of rainfed vineyards in Sarkal County reinforces the opportunities. Finally, SO6 approach titled “constructing Agro-processing industries to save the vintage and cut down the damages” was selected and introduced using QSPM matrix, which reads.
Agricultural Extension and Education
Fatemeh Rastegaripour; maryam alavi; Alireza karbasi
Abstract
Giving the importance to management of agricultural units, politics decision based on cultivation method containing the goals priority of agricultural units will get important and selecting a method which can include variety of managers goals and guide them to optimum goals is so important and ...
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Giving the importance to management of agricultural units, politics decision based on cultivation method containing the goals priority of agricultural units will get important and selecting a method which can include variety of managers goals and guide them to optimum goals is so important and serious.Therefore, in this study to determine the optimum model using linear programming method (single goal) and planning CGP (Multi choice goal) have placed. Information required through completing 188 questionnaires from farmers functions two-stage cluster sampling Torbat-of-classified to 1394, respectively. The results showed that the cultivation of wheat to the primary level increased and decreased alfalfa product. Barley in small and medium-scale crop farms and large farms without change to the primary level has increased and sugar beet in small-scale farms and in the fields of medium and large scale increase is unchanged means pattern is removed. The cotton crop in small farms and farms of medium and large scale unchanged compared to the initial level decreased
Agricultural Extension and Education
Somayeh Chegini; Ali Shams; ahmad Gheidi; Esmail Karami Dehkordi
Abstract
The marketing behavior of olive farmers is different and their behavior is affected by several factors. Because of the strategic importance of olive in the agricultural economics of the Tarom Township, this descriptive - correlational study was aimed to investigate the marketing behavior of olive farmers ...
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The marketing behavior of olive farmers is different and their behavior is affected by several factors. Because of the strategic importance of olive in the agricultural economics of the Tarom Township, this descriptive - correlational study was aimed to investigate the marketing behavior of olive farmers and the relevant factors effective in the Tarom Township. The statistical population under study consisted of all of the olive farmers in the Tarom Township in 2013 (N=7500) 160 of whom were selected by randomized multi-stage sampling based on Cochran's sampling formula. The research tool was a questionnaire whose validity was verified by a panel of experts in this field and its reliability were obtained by calculating the Cronbach's alpha coefficient greater than 0.7 for composite indices. The results showed that olive farmers market their olive products by three methods named as green, canned and broken and the variables of age, olive price, quantity and quality of production, size of garden, number of participants in extension classes and risk taking status have a significant relationship with marketing behavior of the farmers.
Agricultural Extension and Education
zakaria mohammadi tamari; mostafa ahmadvand
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the current situation of social forestry in villages of Margon district in Boyer-Ahmad County. For data collection, were used two groups that consist of 15 forestry experts that they were selected with census and target sampling and 25 rural people that they were ...
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The aim of this study was to investigate the current situation of social forestry in villages of Margon district in Boyer-Ahmad County. For data collection, were used two groups that consist of 15 forestry experts that they were selected with census and target sampling and 25 rural people that they were selected with snowball sampling. For preparation of study instrument, the first, was acted out by focusing group interview with experts and exploratory interview with rural people and SWOT protocol in format of open-ended questions with them and according to that, 35 structured and unit Likret’s questionnaire prepared for two groups. Due to analyze of collected data, was used SPSS20 and Excel2010. Findings revealed that the main strengths of social forestry was various forest development projects such as Toba, and the other, groundwork for development of marginal activities such as beekeeping, fisheries and against, a key weakness was lack of funding and credits for developing social forestry. Furthermore, establishing an educational-scientific station with the aim at regenerating scion and developing ecotourism were the most valuable opportunity in the study area and in contrast, the lack of governmental management, monitoring and planning and illegal occupation of forest land, were the biggest threats in forestry villages of Margon district. Findings also showed that the social forestry in the area was in undesirable condition. Finally, due to improving social forestry in the study villages, the first implementing diverse strategy was recommended.
Agricultural Extension and Education
mariyeh sahraie; Kiumars Zarafshani
Abstract
Entrepreneurial enterprises have the potential to create new business opportunities and provide alternative income sources for rural populations. Vermicompost production provides diversified income for farmers using livestock manure as well as agricultural residues and household wastes. The economic, ...
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Entrepreneurial enterprises have the potential to create new business opportunities and provide alternative income sources for rural populations. Vermicompost production provides diversified income for farmers using livestock manure as well as agricultural residues and household wastes. The economic, social, cultural, and environmental importance of vermicompost technology has made it a unique opportunity for rural households to maintain food security and sustainable livelihood. However, this technology has not yet been diffused across rural population in the Kermanshah Province. Therefore, the purpose of this design was to determine the constraints and challenges of vermicompost technology development in the case of active sites in the Kermanshah Province by using a qualitative study and a well-established theoretical approach. The population for this study comprised of all vermicompost producers in the Kermanshah province (N=52). A purposeful sample of 21 producers with a minimum of two years of experience in vermicompost production participated in the study. Data was collected using deep and semi-structured interviews. Open, axial, and selective coding was used to analyze the data. The results revealed that the following constraints and challenges impede the development of vermicompost technology: low production during the winter, high prices for the customers, lack of technical and marketing skills among the producers, lack of efficient support and monitoring, weak adoption process due to cultural beliefs, and inefficient extension and diffusion by public institutions.
Agricultural Extension and Education
Mohseen Adeli- Sardooei; Babollah Hayati; Hamid Sharifi
Abstract
The human need for food, during recent decades has increased dependence on pesticides and chemical pesticides. Due to the destructions effect of chemical toxins, adoption of bio and non-bio technologies Identical with the sustainable agriculture such as pest control by natural enemies, is taken into ...
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The human need for food, during recent decades has increased dependence on pesticides and chemical pesticides. Due to the destructions effect of chemical toxins, adoption of bio and non-bio technologies Identical with the sustainable agriculture such as pest control by natural enemies, is taken into consideration by agriculture researchers. so, the process of adopting biological control technology is investigated in the farms of tomato in Jiroft County during the period of 2010 until 2014. Why some farmers are faster to adopt this technology is investigated using duration analysis, which allows the timing of an event to be explored in a dynamic framework. The empirical results highlight the negative importance of age variable, and positive effect of farm size and attitude to control biologic. In this study due to the use of survival analysis model it was possible to evaluate the effect of time dependent variables include product price and years of knowledge about control biologic on speed of adoption. Therefore, it became clear that if in a year the price of the product is increase the probability of adoption is increased as well as if the farmer has been informed about biological control technology earlier the technology adoption rate increases.
Agricultural Extension and Education
Laleh Mohtasham Zadeh; Mohammad Sadegh Ebrahimi Koohboneh; Amir Mozafar Amini
Abstract
Agriculture engineering and technical consulting services were initially established in 2008 by the establishment of a network of NGOs in order to reduce the problems of the agricultural sector in line with privatization and downsizing of the government. The main objective of this study was to investigate ...
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Agriculture engineering and technical consulting services were initially established in 2008 by the establishment of a network of NGOs in order to reduce the problems of the agricultural sector in line with privatization and downsizing of the government. The main objective of this study was to investigate the factors that affect the success of technical and agricultural engineering consulting firms in the Isfahan province (2012). The statistical population of this research consisted of members of the boards of directors and the managing directors of such firms in the Isfahan province. The study sample consisted of 130 subjects from the members of boards of directors and the managing directors were who selected by using Cochran formula. The field data required was been collected through questionnaires and interviews. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by experts and its reliability was confirmed by the use of Cronbach’s alpha coefficient and it was calculated to be 0.83. The results of research showed that the success rate of technical and agricultural engineering consulting firms was evaluated to be 53.2% at the medium. The result of multiple regression analysis showed that about 40% of the success rate factors for of technical and agricultural engineering consulting firms based on the Beta index could be attributed to passing training courses in management procedures (0.382), giving financial rewards to members for optimal performance (0.278), number of contracts with other public and private organizations (0.249) and having entrepreneurship characteristics (0.220).
Agricultural Extension and Education
Rohollah Rezaei; Seyyed Mahmoud Hosseini; Maryam Mohammadi Pabandi
Abstract
The main purpose of this descriptive- correlative survey was to identify and analyze the barriers to organizational entrepreneurship development in rural development cooperatives of the Zanjan Province. The statistical population of the subjects under study consisted of all of the main members of administrative ...
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The main purpose of this descriptive- correlative survey was to identify and analyze the barriers to organizational entrepreneurship development in rural development cooperatives of the Zanjan Province. The statistical population of the subjects under study consisted of all of the main members of administrative boards in the cooperatives of the Zanjan Province (N= 335). According to the Bartlett et al. (2001) table, a sample size of 120 was selected using a stratified random sampling technique. A questionnaire was used to collect data. A panel of experts confirmed the validity of the questionnaire. A pilot study was conducted to establish the reliability of the instrument. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for the main scales of the questionnaire was higher than 0.75. The descriptive results showed that four variables had the highest priority. These include the strict rules for payment of loans by public and private banks to cooperatives; lack of adequate capital in the cooperatives and their lack of access to credit and financial resources; shortcomings in labor laws and lack of necessary context for group activities and team work in the cooperatives. The results of factor analysis revealed that four factors namely, structural, environmental, cognitive- knowledge, lack of effective organizational culture, lack of support and individual explained 61.38 percent of the total variances of the barriers to organizational entrepreneurship development in cooperatives.
