Rural Development
khadijeh Bouzarjomehri; khadijeh Javani; Hamid Shayan; Maryam Ghasemi
Abstract
"Vareh" NGO is a long-standing spontaneity and has continued to function as a manifestation of the participation of rural women in empowering them for a long time. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the status of these cements, strengths and weaknesses and their impact on women's empowerment ...
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"Vareh" NGO is a long-standing spontaneity and has continued to function as a manifestation of the participation of rural women in empowering them for a long time. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the status of these cements, strengths and weaknesses and their impact on women's empowerment in rural areas of the central part of Roshtkhar County. The necessary information for the research was obtained through a semi-structured interview with a selected sample of semen groups and fixed members (n = 20) and was compiled using the conventional coding process based on the basic theory. The results showed that the creation and continuity in arid and desert areas of villages with the predominant livelihood of small and traditional livestock and has social functions such as establishing justice, fairness and order and congratulations and cultural relations between peers and economic effects such as; It has led to time savings, profitability, a sense of authority and financial independence, and empowered rural women. At the same time, this NGO also faces challenges such as successive droughts and forage problems, the possibility of storing milk in the refrigerator and the development of machines for collecting and transporting milk to the factory, in reducing the importance and function of "Vareh". Has been effective. The permanence of this veteran NGO and the success of the real participation of women in it can be systematically applied and institutionalized in a pattern in the newly established and formal NGO.
Rural Development
Nilofar Soufi; Aliasghar Mirakzadeh
Abstract
Food insecurity is a major obstacle to the wellfare and development of rural areas and if a serious solution is not found, the future of mankind will be in jeopardy. Meanwhile, rural household’s headwomen are more vulnerable than other groups. Therefore, the main purpose of this study was to analyze ...
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Food insecurity is a major obstacle to the wellfare and development of rural areas and if a serious solution is not found, the future of mankind will be in jeopardy. Meanwhile, rural household’s headwomen are more vulnerable than other groups. Therefore, the main purpose of this study was to analyze the causes of food insecurity of rural household’s headwomen in Kermanshah and to identify the strategies to deal with it. The research was carried out by descriptive-survey method. Statistical population consisted of rural household’s headwomen in Kermanshah County (N=2215) by which using Krejcie and Morgan sampling table, 235 women were selected as a sample applying multi-stage sampling method. Research Instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire, that its validity was confirmed by a panel of experts and Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to assess the reliability (α=0.79-0.84). The results showed that about 85% of women suffer from food insecurity. The results also revealed that increasing the number of family members, and the cost of clothing and transportation increases food insecurity. Food insecurity has decreased by increasing literacy. Based on the results, doing extra work is the most important local strategy used by women to deal with food insecurity.sustainable employment and income was the most important necessary strategy to combat food insecurity.Therefore, by providing sustainable employment opportunities and income through education and empowerment of rural household’s headwomen, the severity of food insecurity in this group of society can be reduced.Keywords: Food security, Household’s Headwomen, Rural poverty, Food insecurity.
Rural Development
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to analysis of effective factors on decreasing of rural youth social alienation decreasing in the Ardabil County. The research method was analytical -explanative survey type. It can be said that studied population in this study consists of all youth living in rural ...
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The purpose of the present study was to analysis of effective factors on decreasing of rural youth social alienation decreasing in the Ardabil County. The research method was analytical -explanative survey type. It can be said that studied population in this study consists of all youth living in rural areas of Ardabil County in 2016 (N= 49297), among which 382 persons were selected as statistical sample using Cochran formula. Sample size was determined based on the Cochran’s formula and the required data were collected through questionnaires. Content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by professors and experts and its reliability was determined based on Cronbach's alpha (0.79-0.85). In order to analyze the data, factor analysis model was used and the results of this model showed the most important factor reduction of youth social alienation in studied region includes four components (reinforcement of social capital, reinforcement of psychological capital, reinforcement of cognitive capacities and religion believes and promotion of enjoinment and overcoming of happiness space and hope) that explained variance and the cumulative variance by the five factors 61.62.
Rural Development
Najmeh Jamali; Mohammad Reza Gharib; Fatemeh Semsar Kermani; Sajjad Nikkhah ChamanAbad
Abstract
A decentralization process is a technique to increasing employment in deprived and less developed areas that are emphasized in the first to fourth Iranian development plan. To accomplish this, they must have a proper and useful function for the growth of the surrounding settlements. Decentralization ...
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A decentralization process is a technique to increasing employment in deprived and less developed areas that are emphasized in the first to fourth Iranian development plan. To accomplish this, they must have a proper and useful function for the growth of the surrounding settlements. Decentralization from cities to rural areas provides the foundation for power distribution, which is a clear example of economic development in action. One of the issues that organizations have always faced is finding out how to maximize efficiency and use individuals' full potential to fulfill corporate goals. The goal of this paper is to examine the impact of oil firm employee empowerment on the economic structure from the perspective of villagers using an AHP modeling approach and empowerment criteria. In terms of purpose, the research is applied, and descriptive-survey data gathering is used. The study's statistical population consists of all Torbat Heydariyeh Oil Company personnel. To acquire research data, a standard empowerment questionnaire was employed. The k-s test and Cronbach's alpha were used to confirm the questionnaire, and the regression correlation coefficient method was employed for final validation. According to research, the most It has an effect on human resource empowerment in the criterion of empowerment of workplace index, in the criterion of the criticality of morale and belonging of the organization, in the criterion of the feasibility of morale and belonging of the organization, and finally in the criterion of interest and willingness to work, index of information, knowledge, and job skills.
Rural Development
Fahimeh Bazzi; shseyedmahdi Hoseyni; Mohammad Ali Turki Anything
Abstract
Dust storms known as 120-day winds in Sistan have caused the largest dust center in Nimroz city and the villagers with many problems in the field of economic, social, environmental, health and livelihoods have encountered. Therefore, the goal of this study is to investigate the economic effects of dust ...
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Dust storms known as 120-day winds in Sistan have caused the largest dust center in Nimroz city and the villagers with many problems in the field of economic, social, environmental, health and livelihoods have encountered. Therefore, the goal of this study is to investigate the economic effects of dust on the livelihood of villagers in Nimroz. The statistical population of the study was 895 households that based on krejcie and Morgan table, the number of statistical samples of 318 people was selected by cluster sampling and then using structural equation SMART PLS software and the data is analyzed. The results of the questionnaire data showed that economic analysis by a factor of 0/5 is most effective on rural livelihoods. Statements of this variable include the effect of dust on production costs in the agricultural sector with a coefficient of 0.79 has the greatest impact on the economic sector, followed by a decrease in rural incomes by a coefficient of 0.87, a decrease in land prices by a coefficient of 0/ 78, the amount of crop and garden production with a coefficient of 0.77 and finally agricultural investment with a coefficient of 0.55. Considering the greatest impact of dust on production costs in the agricultural sector, it is suggested that the government should put natural and unnatural preventive measures on the agenda to reduce dust, and also provide financial and non-financial support to farmers to help reduce the production costs of this sector.
Rural Development
morad keikhorsavi; Sahar Dehyouri; Seyed Mehdi Mirdamadi
Abstract
Modeling the levels of agricultural development is an effective tool in creating sufficient knowledge of the land and the spatial distribution of its development. Therefore, this study aimed to model the levels of agricultural development in rural areas of Hamadan and Kermanshah provinces in 1399-1400. ...
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Modeling the levels of agricultural development is an effective tool in creating sufficient knowledge of the land and the spatial distribution of its development. Therefore, this study aimed to model the levels of agricultural development in rural areas of Hamadan and Kermanshah provinces in 1399-1400. This research is quantitative in terms of applied purpose and data analysis, done in a survey manner. The study's statistical population was rural centers of Hamedan and Kermanshah provinces, which were studied using a stratified sampling method and proportional assignment of 666 farmers from 89 rural centers. The data collection tool was a questionnaire that confirmed the validity and reliability of the questionnaire. The combined Viktor-entropy method was used to measure the degree of agricultural sustainability in the studied rural areas. Arc-GISver10.5 software was used to model sustainable agricultural development levels. The conceptual model of the research was also confirmed using AMOSver24 software. The results show that the Khorramrud villages of Tuyserkan city and the Raheb village of Kaboudar Ahang city of Hamadan province had the highest and lowest sustainability coefficients. In general, the rural areas of Hamedan and Kermanshah provinces are similar in terms of sustainable agricultural development, and there is no significant difference. Also, according to the calculations, the studied villages were divided into seven levels, which are completely unstable in rural areas. It is not located at 15 unstable levels, relatively unstable at 28 villages, stable at 33 villages, relatively stable at 11 villages, stable at two villages, and not at a completely stable level.
Rural Development
fatemeh kazemiyeh; Asma Eidi
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the satisfaction of villagers with the implementation of the Hadi project using the Kano model in Qara Aghajkooh village of Urmia city. The statistical population of the study consisted of all heads of households in Qara Aghajkooh village, 204 of whom were selected ...
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The aim of this study was to evaluate the satisfaction of villagers with the implementation of the Hadi project using the Kano model in Qara Aghajkooh village of Urmia city. The statistical population of the study consisted of all heads of households in Qara Aghajkooh village, 204 of whom were selected and evaluated using the Krejcie-Morgan table as a sample. The research tool was a KANO couple questionnaire whose validity was confirmed by experts in the field. To evaluate the reliability, 30 out-of-sample questionnaires were completed and the Cronbach's alpha value was 0.883, which indicated the optimal reliability of the questionnaire. Factors Affecting Villagers' Satisfaction with the Implementation of the Master Plan According to the Kano model, they were classified into three sections: functional, basic and motivational requirements. Findings from Kano model showed that the highest level of satisfaction of villagers with the implementation of the master plan in the field of meeting the basic needs of the factor of standardization of structures with a coefficient of satisfaction of 0.55 and the lowest level of factor garbage collection and disposal with a satisfaction coefficient of 0.08. Also, among the factors of functional requirements, the highest level of satisfaction was allocated to the factor of increasing the tendency to work in the service sector of the village with a satisfaction coefficient of 0.88 and the lowest amount to the factor of attention to historical and cultural values of the village with a satisfaction coefficient of 0.62. In the group of motivational requirements, the highest and lowest levels of satisfaction are related to the factor of increasing land prices with a satisfaction coefficient of 0.92 and increasing the amount of investment in rural areas and new economic opportunities with a satisfaction coefficient of 0.75, respectively. In order to improve the factors related to the three groups, the priority is first with the basic requirements, then the functional requirements and finally the motivational requirements.
Rural Development
Mahdi Babaeian; Abolfazl Tavassoli; Mahdi Javaheri; Mostafa Jafarian
Abstract
Investigating of energy flow and greenhouse gas emissions is one of the methods to compare energy efficiency, production efficiency and environmental hazards of agroecosystems. This study investigates the patterns of energy consumption, greenhouse gas emissions and global warming potential of dryland ...
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Investigating of energy flow and greenhouse gas emissions is one of the methods to compare energy efficiency, production efficiency and environmental hazards of agroecosystems. This study investigates the patterns of energy consumption, greenhouse gas emissions and global warming potential of dryland chickpea production in rural areas of Qoshkhaneh region of Shirvan city. Data for this experiment were collected through a face-to-face questionnaire. Farms were selected by random sampling. In this study, energy inputs included: labor, machinery, diesel, chemical fertilizers, chemical pesticides and seeds, and the study output was grain yield and shoot yield (straw). The results showed that the average labor used per hectare of dryland chickpea farms in rural areas of North Khorasan was 21 people, nitrogen fertilizer 50 and phosphorus and potassium fertilizers 70 kg/ha, as well as diesel fuel consumption of 35 liters and the use of machinery 8 h/ha. Evaluation of energy consumption showed that among the inputs, nitrogen fertilizer with 3307 MJ/ha accounted for 40.06% of the total energy input and diesel fuel with 1970.85 MJ/ha, Consumed 23.23% of the total input energy. labor and seeds also had the lowest share of energy inputs with 0.49 and 1.87 percent, respectively. Total energy consumption efficiency (chickpea + straw) was 1.91, energy productivity was 0.08 kg/MJ and specific energy was 12.32 MJ/kg. In terms of greenhouse gas emissions was 399.20 kg/ha, the share of CO2 was 398.60, the share of N2O and CH4 was 0.02 and 0.57 kg/ha respectively. Global warming production potential per hectare of dryland chickpeas in North Khorasan Province was 419.13 kg CO2 equivalence. In general, the results showed that dryland chickpea fields have low energy consumption due to dependence on rainwater and lack of electricity consumption, as well as low consumption of chemical fertilizers. The most important strategies to reduce energy consumption in the production of dryland chickpeas is the use of appropriate crop rotation to reduce the use of herbicides and chemical fertilizers and also to observe the rules of farm traffic to reduce the movement of agricultural implements on farms.
Rural Development
reza movahedi; mehrdad pouya
Abstract
In order to achieve economic development in the country, it is necessary to take advantage of all economic capabilities in various sectors. Development through rural tourism has recently made its way into the economic and industrial policies of countries around the world. For this reason, the present ...
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In order to achieve economic development in the country, it is necessary to take advantage of all economic capabilities in various sectors. Development through rural tourism has recently made its way into the economic and industrial policies of countries around the world. For this reason, the present study dealt with zoning of the tourism target villages in Hamedan province. Based on this, 21 villages as tourism targets in Hamedan province were examined according to 10 criteria including environmental, political-administrative, water, electricity and gas, education and health, trade and services, cultural and sports, telecommunications, and religious and tourism indicators. TOPSIS technique was used to measure the level of the villages. The results showed that among the villages, Ali Sadr (CL+= 0.780), Faresban (CL+= 0.626), Jourab (CL+= 0.625) and Ashtran(CL+ =0.609) came as the first to fourth priorities in terms of tourism indicators. The results showed that according to the number and ranking of tourism villages in each city, Tuyserkan, Hamedan and Malayer cities were in the first to third tourist clusters, respectively. The Hamedan-Tuyserkan road was recommended to be regarded as the ecotourism cluster by redirecting future investment and infrastructure.
Rural Development
Shohreh Soltani; Mojtaba Palouj
Abstract
Rural women participation in development projects often remains a motto due to the lack of attention to its subtleties and complexities. This study was aimed to investigate the appropriate strategies for real participation of rural women in development projects. To achieve this goal, women's participation ...
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Rural women participation in development projects often remains a motto due to the lack of attention to its subtleties and complexities. This study was aimed to investigate the appropriate strategies for real participation of rural women in development projects. To achieve this goal, women's participation in three stages of access, benefit and empowerment was elaborated. In this study, which was conducted in the years 2020-2021, due to the limitations created as a result of the Corona virus pandemic, the Internet survey method was used. The statistical population (N= 71) included students and graduates of universities, faculty members, experts and managers of the Ministry of Jihad Agriculture who were randomly selected from the list of members of the Agricultural Extension and Education Scientific Association. Data collection instrument was a questionnaire whose validity and reliability was confirmed. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software 22.The results showed that there are six main strategies for achieving women's participation in development projects, including planning based on women's individual characteristics, planning based on cultural and social issues, planning for the development of education, media content and ICT, Forming special women's groups and networking, access to financial resources, the possibility of participating in micro-credit schemes, and finally promoting government policies and the performance of organizations. Prioritizing strategies for achieving women's participation in development projects can vary in three stages. Formation of special groups for women and networking had high priority in all three stages of participation.
Rural Development
esmaeil aliakbari; reza mokhtarimalakabadi; chamran mousavi
Abstract
The concept of livability has emerged alongside sustainability as a slogan in public discourse and planning. In relation to the creation or preservation of cities, planners and policymakers cite the concept of livability as a guiding principle for investment and decision-making and shaping the urban ...
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The concept of livability has emerged alongside sustainability as a slogan in public discourse and planning. In relation to the creation or preservation of cities, planners and policymakers cite the concept of livability as a guiding principle for investment and decision-making and shaping the urban social, economic, physical and biological environment, and livability. Are considered the standard of living and the general desirability of people living in a settlement like the city. One of the basic preconditions for planning in order to improve the quality of life and increase the level of sustainability in various communities is to identify the factors and elements that provide and affect urban viability that play a major role in strategic planning of the government. The present study aims to determine a framework for urban biodiability by evaluating strategic factors. The type of research is descriptive, analytical and survey according to the applied-development goal and in terms of nature and method. The information and data required for the research have been collected using documentary and field methods and from the opinions of experts. In order to analyze the data, Excel and SPSS software were used and to determine strategies and viability strategies, the SWOT model was used. Findings indicate that the city of Yasuj with a total of 29 strengths and opportunities with a weight score of 3.15 and 4.01, respectively, as advantages, has great potential for viability in various dimensions. But at the same time, 30 weaknesses and threats facing this region with a weight score of 3.49 and 3.44, respectively, as limitations show that it also faces challenges and problems. Therefore, raising the score of opportunities and weaknesses (OW) according to experts, the most important strategy for officials to make better use of opportunities and strengthen strengths and reduce weaknesses and prevent harm is a review strategy.
Rural Development
TOHID Alizadeh; Mohammad Mazlom khorasani; Aliakbar Majdi
Abstract
Industrialization plays a major role in the economic and social development of rural communities. In the process of industrial development, industrial estates is recognized as one of the strategies for development of rural communities. The aim of this study was to identify and evaluate the effects of ...
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Industrialization plays a major role in the economic and social development of rural communities. In the process of industrial development, industrial estates is recognized as one of the strategies for development of rural communities. The aim of this study was to identify and evaluate the effects of social and economic dimension of phase one and two industrial estates on rural areas in Urmia city. The research method is quasi-experimental which has been evaluated using a post-test design of two experimental and control groups. The statistical population includes village's adjacent to the industrial estates (Ghahramanlou Sofla, Ilyas Abad and Jarchilo) and non-adjacent areas of the industrial estate (Keshtiban, Miyavogh and Tazekend). The results showed that the two areas study, namely the villages adjacent to the industrial estates and the villages far from the industrial estates are different in terms of economic and social consequences. In terms of economic impacts, the average of adjacent villages (economic improvement (30/6), employment (13/5), job satisfaction (7)) was more than villages far from the estates (economic improvement (25.8), employment (10/8), job satisfaction (5/9). This difference was made significant by using the values of the t-test of two independent samples. In general, the average of this variable was evaluated in the villages adjacent to the town (51/1) and in the villages far from the town (42/6). The results also show the impact of the industrial estates on the dimensions of social consequences in the sense that, along with the decrease in migration and increase in the quality of life in the villages adjacent to the estate, enhancement of social harms is also observed in these villages.
Rural Development
seyed mojtaba mojaverian; roghayeh zahedian tejeneki; Maryam AsadpoorKordi
Abstract
The study of the behavior of investors has a significant bearing on the development of various economic sectors. One of the important issues in assessing the success of investors is their predicted level of achievement. In this study, the level of realization of agricultural conversion and complementary ...
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The study of the behavior of investors has a significant bearing on the development of various economic sectors. One of the important issues in assessing the success of investors is their predicted level of achievement. In this study, the level of realization of agricultural conversion and complementary construction projects in Mazandaran province has been investigated. The level of possibility of the goals achieved is from the proposed capacity ratio in the license to the capacity built to start work. The data was collected from the Jihad Agriculture Organization of Mazandaran province and 386 units were selected as the sample. The units studied in this research were divided into three groups less than realized, fully realized and more than realized. The generalized probit model was used to identify the effective factors on the level of feasibility. The results show that the variables of type of ownership, location, activity size, duration of construction of unit on the level of realization of construction of conversion industries are effective. The effect of these variables varies in different cities and types of activities. Using the present model, we can predict the level of realization of planned goals in the construction of the mentioned units.
Rural Development
Abolfazl Tavassoli; Sayed Mohammad Reza Sayed Hosseini; Alireza Abdeh
Abstract
Production of oilseed crops plays an important role in saving foreign exchange, accelerating the process of economic development, security and food independence of the country. Also, villages are always mentioned as one of the powerful and effective components in facilitating and accelerating the process ...
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Production of oilseed crops plays an important role in saving foreign exchange, accelerating the process of economic development, security and food independence of the country. Also, villages are always mentioned as one of the powerful and effective components in facilitating and accelerating the process of economic development of the country. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of presenting a strategic plan for the cultivation of oilseed crops in the sustainable development of rural areas of Sistan region by SWOT method. In this research, four important oilseed crops of the region including sesame, safflower, rapeseed and sunflower were studied. This research is theoretical and applied from aim aspect; and it is descriptive-analytical from content aspect. The data collection tool in this study was a questionnaire. The strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of the mentioned goal were examined from the perspective of researchers, managers and experts of Jihad-e-Agriculture organization and also farmers of oilseed crops using a questionnaire and interviews. Based on the results of the research, it was observed that the main strategy of the mentioned goal is an aggressive strategy. This strategy is a combination of strengths and opportunities, which among the internal factors, strengths; and among external factors, opportunities were identified as the dominant part. Therefore, according to the research results, it was concluded that the main priorities for achieving sustainable rural development are "increasing the guaranteed price", "providing low-interest bank facilities for planting oilseeds" and "allocating subsidies to purchase machinery of planting and harvesting of oilseed crops".
Rural Development
Mehdi Mohammadi; abolfazl baghbani-arani; Ebrahim Hemmatian
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of adopting pressurized irrigation technology on the management of sustainable rural development with respect to the rural entrepreneurship variable in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province (Kiar city). This research is descriptive-survey in terms of applied ...
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The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of adopting pressurized irrigation technology on the management of sustainable rural development with respect to the rural entrepreneurship variable in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province (Kiar city). This research is descriptive-survey in terms of applied purpose and its method. The statistical population of the study included 100 farmers and farm managers in the villages of Kiar city. According to Cochran's formula, the required number of samples was estimated at 80 people. Cluster sampling method was used for sampling. Data collection tool was a standard questionnaire that to confirm its validity and reliability, the questionnaire was provided to experts and experts in this field and the necessary changes were applied to it, which was approved. And Cronbach's alpha coefficient of variables (rural entrepreneurship, sustainable rural development management and adoption of pressurized irrigation technology) are (0.844, 0.871 and 0.802), respectively. Cronbach's alpha coefficient and combined reliability of shared values were used to measure reliability using SmartPLS-2 software. The results showed that the adoption of pressurized irrigation technology has an effect on sustainable rural development management due to the rural entrepreneurship variable in Kiar city and in addition, the impact of rural entrepreneurship on sustainable rural development management in Kiar city was also confirmed. Rural entrepreneurship has also been able to mediate between the adoption of pressurized irrigation technology and the management of sustainable rural development. Finally, it is suggested that the government, through expert and local promoters, can hold special training courses on pressurized irrigation in the villages of Kiar city, in order to achieve sustainable rural management in Kiar city by influencing rural entrepreneurship.
Rural Development
Malihe sheibani; alireza karbasi
Abstract
According to the diversity of household consumption patterns and the importance of how to allocate limited household income to different goods and services, the study of household consumption behavior using expenditure elasticity estimates has a special place in economic policies. Therefore, in this ...
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According to the diversity of household consumption patterns and the importance of how to allocate limited household income to different goods and services, the study of household consumption behavior using expenditure elasticity estimates has a special place in economic policies. Therefore, in this study, the raw data of the Statistics Center of Iran in two consecutive years 2017 and 2018 to analyze the food consumption behavior of rural households in Khorasan Razavi have been separated into nine food groups. This study showed that significant changes have been observed in the pattern of food consumption during these two years. The share of food budget in 2018 compared to 2017 has increased from 41% to 53% and also, the expenditure elasticity of food groups has increased in 2018 compared to 2017 and some food groups have changed from essential to luxury that, result indicates a decrease in household welfare. The results also show that low-income families have higher food expenditure elasticity than higher-income families. Balance of scale is found in food costs, which means that an extra family member reduces additional costs. Reducing the consumption of cereals and increasing the consumption of fruits and meat means revising the supply of food. Although cereals and bread are the main food items of rural households in Khorasan Razavi, but, according to the consumption pattern of rural households in Khorasan Razavi province, in order to solve food security problems, the production of other materials should be increased.
Rural Development
Sadegh Asghari Lafmejani; mahdi masoumi; nasrin norouzi
Abstract
Handicraft products can may way for more income in rural areas. Given the importance of handicraft products in the livelihood of rural households in Iranshahr County, the aim of this study was to investigate the constraints the rural women experience in producing handicrafts in the villages of this county. ...
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Handicraft products can may way for more income in rural areas. Given the importance of handicraft products in the livelihood of rural households in Iranshahr County, the aim of this study was to investigate the constraints the rural women experience in producing handicrafts in the villages of this county. This research was conducted in a descriptive and causal-comparative methods. To achieve the desired goals, in addition to document analysis and initial field visits, a wide range of indicators were introduced. Then, according to the research indicators, household questionnaires were prepared to collect the essential data on the households making handicrafts. The population of the study included all craftswomen active in the production of handicrafts living in villages with more than 50 households in Iranshahr County. As 9008 households live in these villages, using the Cochran's formula (with a margin of error equal to 0.05), 376 households as the sample size were calculated; the sample households were selected in a simple random sampling method in proportion to frequency of households living in the sample villages. The research questionnaires were completed by craftswomen or girls involved in handicraft production in the sample households. For data analysis, FAHP and GRA software and statistical tests in SPSS were used. Findings confirm that economic barriers with a mean of 3.24 are the most important constraints on the handicraft producers in the villages of Iranshahr County, as the severity of economic, social and institutional constraints were 74.2, 12.8 and 22.8, respectively among the households which ranked as severe or very severe. The results of GRA showed that the study villages have a completely different situation in severity of the constraints on craftswomen. According to the research results, it is suggested to establish and strengthen cooperatives and private companies to support the production and marketing of handicraft products and remove the constraints craftswomen face in the production of handicrafts.
Rural Development
Mahdi Babaeian; Abolfazl Tavassoli; Mohamad hosein salehi
Abstract
This research examines the energy use patterns and greenhouse gas emission of sugar beet farms in Hossein abad village of Shirvan city, in 2017-18. Data were collected by using a face-to-face questionnaire. Farms were selected with a random sampling method. In this study, the inputs in the calculation ...
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This research examines the energy use patterns and greenhouse gas emission of sugar beet farms in Hossein abad village of Shirvan city, in 2017-18. Data were collected by using a face-to-face questionnaire. Farms were selected with a random sampling method. In this study, the inputs in the calculation of energy use include: human labor, machinery, diesel fuel, chemical fertilizers, farmyard manure, biocides, electricity, water and the output in the calculation of total output energy include plant yield. The results indicated that total energy inputs were 66879.92 MJ ha-1and outputs 1310572.50 MJ ha-1. Of the total energy consumption in sugar beet production, 38.39% is related to the use of chemical fertilizers, 25.95% is related to diesel and 12.69% is related to electricity. Energy use efficiency of 19.59 and energy productivity of 0.72 kg MJ ha-1 were recorded. Chemicals, fuel and electricity played the largest role among energy inputs in beet farms. CO2, N2O and CH4 emissions were 2463.26, 21.02 and 3.26 kg ha-1, respectively. And the amount of global warming potential of these gases was calculated as 9048.85 CO2eq ha-1, of which 0.76% was related to CH4, 27.22% was related to CO2 and 72.02% was related to N2O.
Rural Development
hojat vahdati; mehrdad naserpoor
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the impact of new handicrafts manufacturing capability on the impact of the development of target markets in Lorestan province. The present study will use descriptive, analytical research methods. This research is also applied-developmental in terms of ...
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The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the impact of new handicrafts manufacturing capability on the impact of the development of target markets in Lorestan province. The present study will use descriptive, analytical research methods. This research is also applied-developmental in terms of purpose. The statistical population of the study consisted of 620 experts, experts and researchers in handicrafts in Lorestan province. The sample size was selected by random sampling based on Cochran formula. The research instrument consisted of a researcher-made questionnaire on modern craftsmanship capabilities, production leap and target market development, with 32 questions. The validity of the questionnaire was formal, which was confirmed by experts and professors, and its reliability based on Cronbach's alpha was 0.82. Data analysis is based on structural equation analysis in AMOS software. The results indicate that the new handicraft production capability has been influenced by the mediating role of target markets in Lorestan province, and that the new handicraft capability has affected the production capability with a coefficient of impact. 0.16, new handicraft capabilities, affecting the development of target markets, with an impact factor of 0.13, the development of target markets, affecting the output jump with an impact factor of 0.36.
Rural Development
Nasibe hosseini; sadegh asghari
Abstract
Empowerment of rural households is one of the most important goals in all rural development plans as it is impossible to achieve without empowering the less affluent segments of society. Therefore, this research attempted to investigate the barriers and limitations to economic empowerment of rural households ...
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Empowerment of rural households is one of the most important goals in all rural development plans as it is impossible to achieve without empowering the less affluent segments of society. Therefore, this research attempted to investigate the barriers and limitations to economic empowerment of rural households in the Central and Zeberkhan Districts of Nishapur County. The research method was a descriptive-analytic documentary field research. The required data were collected by completing village and household questionnaires and completing the field observation form. Rural households living in the study area (33041 households) constitute the statistical population of this study and the sample size has been determined using the Cochran's formula, 373 heads of households. Data analysis was performed using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) technique by Expert Choice software. Statistical and spatial analyses were carried out by SPSS and ArcGIS. The findings showed that there were sever or extremely sever barriers and limitations to the economic empowerment of 49.3% of the studied households. On the other hand, the results of comparing the average level of influence of the factors in the occurrence or intensification of barriers and limitations of economic empowerment of rural households confirm that indicators related to the lack of job opportunities with a coefficient of 0.1733, low income and uncertainty of its stability with a coefficient of 0.1661 and the weakness of resources and the inadequacy of production methods with a coefficient of 0.0501, are the most influential factors in the occurrence or intensification of obstacles and restrictions, respectively.
Rural Development
Mohadeseh Tavakoli
Abstract
The privatization process is an approach to the gradual access to a market mechanism whereby Countries with interventionist governments transfer part of ownership to individuals sector. In this study, factors affecting individuals motivation for companeis privatization and their sub-factors interpretation ...
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The privatization process is an approach to the gradual access to a market mechanism whereby Countries with interventionist governments transfer part of ownership to individuals sector. In this study, factors affecting individuals motivation for companeis privatization and their sub-factors interpretation were investigated using Logit model. The required data were collected from the study through 250 questionnaires with Cokran formula and in-person interviews with public and private sector employers and graduates in Torbat Heydariyeh city in 2019 using the classified random method. The results showed that creating competitiveness and increasing applied training are the factors effecting privatization from the viewpoint of public sector employers. Increasing applied training, improving leadership style and increasing motivation in employers are factors effecting privatization from the perspective of private sector employers, and creating competitiveness, creativity and applied training have a significant effect from the perspective of graduates. Also, regarding the study of the factors affecting applied education from the perspective of public and private sector employees, learner motivation and readiness, efficiency and effectiveness of courses and the order and regulations of courses have a positive and significant effect. Given the importance of the role of applied education in motivating the privatization of rural cooperatives, it is suggested by creating incentives, the necessary motivation and preparation for learning is created in the employees and quality and orderly privatization training courses are held for the employees of cooperative companies.
Rural Development
SAED ABDOLMANAFI; abolfazl baghbani-arani; yasser maghsoudi-GANJEH; Mona Poureisa; Moslem Mokarremi
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify and ranking effective factors on marketing performance in Iranian fishery industry based on a qualitative studie. Therefore, first, by conducting semi-structured interviews with experts and senior managers of marketing and sales of fisheries companies in 10 provinces ...
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The aim of this study was to identify and ranking effective factors on marketing performance in Iranian fishery industry based on a qualitative studie. Therefore, first, by conducting semi-structured interviews with experts and senior managers of marketing and sales of fisheries companies in 10 provinces of Iran in 2020, identify the factors affecting marketing performance and then rank those factors using fuzzy hierarchical analysis method. The statistical population of this study is academic experts and fishery industry managers who were collected by purposeful sampling of research data. After gathering the necessary information, the interviews were classified and coded, which resulted in identifying the factors influencing the marketing performance. After identifying the factors, the paired comparisons questionnaire was designed for ranking. The results showed that of the factors influencing marketing performance, weight factor (0.311) from fisheries managers' point of view and financial factor weight (0.223) from the point of view of marketing managers, factors related to marketing innovation, related factors With the market as well as customer-related factors coming in next. It is therefore recommended that managers of fisheries cooperatives consider brand management and branding-related activities for successful marketing.
Rural Development
vakil Heidari Sarban
Abstract
paper aims to study and analysis of effects good governance on sense of social security improvement in the rural areas of Ardabil County. This study is descriptive - analytical in terms of research methods, practical in terms of nature and is a library and field kind of research in terms of the type ...
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paper aims to study and analysis of effects good governance on sense of social security improvement in the rural areas of Ardabil County. This study is descriptive - analytical in terms of research methods, practical in terms of nature and is a library and field kind of research in terms of the type of data collection. The tool used in measuring the questionnaire was made by the researcher.Statistical society of research included all of villagers residing in the rural areas of Ardabil County (N=85053). In addition for determining sample size the villagers of residing in the rural areas of Ardabil county was used Cochran formula. Finally, the sample size of rural youth 383 was determined. Sample size was determined based on the Cochran’s formula and the required data were collected through questionnaires. Content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by professors and experts and its reliability was determined based on Cronbach's alpha (0.74-0.88). For data analysis, SPSS software was used.The obtained results from descriptive findings show that between average of good governance components, average of transparency component (11.25) stand in the first order and average of law domination component (4.26) stand in the last order. And also, from between average of social security sense components, average of personal security (10.8) stand in the first order and average of Judicial security stand in the last order. Also, the results of research showed that there was a statistically significant positive relationship between all variables of research except for rule of law and effectiveness and efficacy variables and improvement of social security sense
Rural Development
seyed Ali Darijani; hengame hendizadeh; alireza karbasi
Abstract
Equivalent scale is a good solution to this problem and provides an indicator for comparing the well-being of households with the number of different members. Equivalent scale indicates how much extra money is needed to increase the size of a household so that it can be as comfortable as a reference ...
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Equivalent scale is a good solution to this problem and provides an indicator for comparing the well-being of households with the number of different members. Equivalent scale indicates how much extra money is needed to increase the size of a household so that it can be as comfortable as a reference household _a family with two children_. Since the poverty line has been growing in Khorasan Razavi in 2018 and also the poverty line in different parts of Iran is very different from each other and therefore policies to support the poor should be considered in accordance with the conditions of each region. Therefore, a study that examines poverty in this province is necessary. Data used for income and expenditure of urban and rural households in Khorasan Razavi in 2018. The results showed that first, by choosing a reference household, the number of children and the elderly has a greater effect on the poverty rate than the per capita expenditure method. A simulation was then used to examine the change in average household expenditure by changing household size and transferring children and adults to higher levels. The results showed that by changing the size of the household, reducing the size of the household, the average cost increases. Also, with the transfer of children to the adult category, the average cost decreases, while with the transfer of adults to the elderly group, the average cost increases.
Rural Development
mojteba Okati; mahmoud ahmadpour borazjani; Valliollah Sarani
Abstract
Establishing food security of households is one of the goals of economic, social and cultural development programs of the country and therefore it is important to estimate the level of household food security. In the present study, food security of rural areas of Zahak city was assessed using Coping ...
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Establishing food security of households is one of the goals of economic, social and cultural development programs of the country and therefore it is important to estimate the level of household food security. In the present study, food security of rural areas of Zahak city was assessed using Coping Strategy Index in 2015 and 2016. The results showed that about 80% of the studied households are in poor nutrition and have used strategies to cope with food insecurity. In addition, the variables of annual income, household head occupation, type of household head occupant, rural to urban distance, number of households, access to mobile phones and household head addiction status are among the factors affecting food security level. Accordingly, effective steps can be taken to achieve the desired level of food security by trying to empower the villagers, improve the job situation and income of the head of the household and raise the level of awareness of the people by agricultural promoters.
