Rural Development
Asgar Hosseinzadeh; Mehdi Moameri; Ardavan ghorbani; Raoof Mostafazadeh; Morteza Mofidi Chalan
Abstract
Due to the proximity to natural resources and the environment around them, the villages are most affected by the environment and are of great importance. The improper rural development poses enormous environmental challenges such as degradation of rangelands and forests, overexploitation of soil and ...
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Due to the proximity to natural resources and the environment around them, the villages are most affected by the environment and are of great importance. The improper rural development poses enormous environmental challenges such as degradation of rangelands and forests, overexploitation of soil and water resources and threats to wildlife. Of course, the distribution pattern and accessibility to service-based infrastructural indicators indicates the growth and development of rural areas and the attitude towards decentralized planning in the country. This research was carried out in 2022 with the aim of identifying and rank rank service-based infrastructure indicators based on services, in the northern villages of Ardabil province, using a variety of prioritization methodologies. The research method is descriptive-analytical and applied, according to the nature and purpose of the research. 15 indicators with appropriate level of validity and consensus of executive experts and academic experts were selected to measure the infrastructure in the region. According to the results, the highest rate related to the index of access to electricity is in the villages of Meshgin Shahr with a value of 86.71% and the lowest rate related to the index of access to agricultural machinery repair shop is in Garmi city with a value of 3.86. In general, the results showed that Dasht village in Meshginshahr city was at the first level compared to other villages (Ci=0.693) and Eastern Qashlaq village in Beileswar city was at the last level (Ci=0.497). Therefore, it is suggested that while locating rural areas at different levels, especially the level of access to existing facilities, the strengthening of village facilities and expansion of infrastructure and welfare services should be prioritized.
Rural Development
mahnaz mohamadzadeh nasirabadi; mahbobeh hasani; tahereh sharghi
Abstract
Today, the issue of health and food quality is one of the challenges facing communities and organic farming as an alternative to conventional agriculture, is growing and expanding rapidly and in the near future the most important and main feature of the presence of agricultural products in global markets. ...
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Today, the issue of health and food quality is one of the challenges facing communities and organic farming as an alternative to conventional agriculture, is growing and expanding rapidly and in the near future the most important and main feature of the presence of agricultural products in global markets. , The supply of products will be free of chemical and organic compounds. This study aims to analyze the components of organic agriculture development from the perspective of agricultural jihad experts in Tehran province. In terms of nature, it is a quantitative research, in terms of the degree of control of variables, it is non-experimental, and in terms of purpose, it is part of applied research and has been done by descriptive-correlation method. The statistical population was all experts of agricultural jihad in Tehran Province who had been employed for at least one year before the research and their number was 200 people. Morgan's table was used to estimate the sample sizes (127 people) that were selected by simple random sampling. In the current research, the main tool for data collection was a questionnaire, which was used to calculate the reliability of the questionnaires, using Cronbach's alpha method and using Spss statistical software. (α=0.94). In this research, in the descriptive analysis section, statistical methods such as frequency distribution, mean, standard deviation, profile, median, etc., and in the inferential analysis section, factor analysis method has been used. The results show that various components have an impact on the development process of organic agriculture, which during factor analysis in five categories of economic-supportive components (9.653), educational-knowledge (7.799), technical-promotional (7.766), institutional- Legal (7.152) and research-propaganda (4.258) were summarized, which explained a total of 61.048% of the variance of organic agriculture development components. Therefore, the development of organic agriculture requires factors that require a proper combination of each at the right time and place.
Rural Development
Somayeh Kordalivand; Hossein Shabanali Fami; Ali Asadi; Ali Akbar Barati
Abstract
Present-day challenges include the growing tendency of unhealthy food shortages in the market and environmental degradation. If properly managed, issuing the safety and health certificate of agricultural products can be a significant factor in resolving the issues brought up. The purpose of the current ...
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Present-day challenges include the growing tendency of unhealthy food shortages in the market and environmental degradation. If properly managed, issuing the safety and health certificate of agricultural products can be a significant factor in resolving the issues brought up. The purpose of the current study was included all the producers in the country who had a license for certified products from the Ministry of Jihad Agriculture in 2021, which numbered 638 people.. 204 producers were chosen at random from this group to serve as samples. A researcher-made questionnaire was employed to collect the data, and in addition to descriptive statistics, confirmatory factor analysis and coefficient of variation were also used to analyze the data. The findings of the research demonstrated that social effects are the health certification of agricultural goods' most significant effects, with a path coefficient of 0.868. The impacts relating to enhancing the production process (0.845), the environment and sustainability (0.819), market and export procedures (0.799), and lastly the effects relating to food health and safety (0.768) come after these effects. It is crucial for producers to build customer confidence in food quality (0.782) since it will have positive societal impacts. To do this, producers must improve the quality of agricultural products and create healthier items that adhere to international standards. However, the development of agriculture and rural communities can be aided by the establishment of small enterprises throughout the supply chain of healthy agricultural products.
Rural Development
Seyed Erfan Hosseini; Ali Akbar Barati; Hossein Shabanali Fami
Abstract
Nowadays, despite the undeniable importance of the beekeeping in different communities due to its economic, social and environmental functions (such as facilitating the pollination of plants), this sector is facing some challenges and neglected opportunities that have limited its performance and development. ...
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Nowadays, despite the undeniable importance of the beekeeping in different communities due to its economic, social and environmental functions (such as facilitating the pollination of plants), this sector is facing some challenges and neglected opportunities that have limited its performance and development. Hence, the current research tries to identify and analyze the challenges and opportunities of beekeeping in Fereydunshahr county and provide suggestions for its development. Data were collected with a researcher made questionnaire. The sample size was 140 beekeepers who were selected by stratified sampling method among the beekeepers of Fereydunshahr county (210 beekeepers). The results of descriptive statistics and exploratory factor analysis demonstrated that the supply of counterfeit honey and cultural and social challenges (12.67% of variance) such as the lack of space to establish apiaries and the improper use of chemicals in agriculture are the main challenges. Also, the natural opportunities (22.70% of variance) include the suitable climate and vegetation for beekeeping activities and the presence of high quality and abundant water resources near the apiaries are the most important opportunities for beekeeping in Fereydunshahr county. Finally, in accordance with challenges and opportunities identified in the beekeeping sector in Fereydunshahr county, some solutions were suggested in order to improve and develop beekeeping industry in this county.
Rural Development
reza Norouzi ajirloo; moslem soleymanpor; MohammadKarim Raesi; Javad Asghari Rad
Abstract
Abstract
Today, the growing need for rural entrepreneurship to create many job opportunities for villagers is felt more than in the past. which can be effective in increasing production, improving the level of income and improving the social status of the people. The present study was conducted with ...
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Abstract
Today, the growing need for rural entrepreneurship to create many job opportunities for villagers is felt more than in the past. which can be effective in increasing production, improving the level of income and improving the social status of the people. The present study was conducted with the aim of explaining the pattern of obstacles and problems in the development of rural entrepreneurship in cooperative and agricultural companies. The research was conducted qualitatively and with an interpretive phenomenological approach. The statistical population of the research is managers and entrepreneurial experts of cooperative and agricultural companies in 2022, who were selected using purposeful sampling of 25 people until reaching information saturation, and to collect data from in-depth semi-structured interviews and to analyze data using Smith's phenomenological analysis method. and colleagues were used. Based on data analysis, a total of 105 themes, 12 sub-themes and 5 main themes were extracted and classified. This research tries to discover the problems and challenges of the potential of rural entrepreneurship, the purpose of this article is to identify various problems related to rural entrepreneurship. The results indicated that the obstacles and problems of rural entrepreneurship development in cooperative and agricultural companies included the themes of culture, organizational structure, entrepreneurship support, entrepreneurship structure and management. Managers of cooperative and agricultural companies should increase their level of knowledge and management skills by participating in workshops and seminars. Because these skills increase the overall performance of cooperative and agricultural companies.
Rural Development
Arash Dourandish; Mahdieh Salari; Mahmood Daneshvar; Fatameh sakhi
Abstract
In recent years, the non-agricultural sector has been recognized as a tool to reduce rural poverty and create employment for the rural labor. In Iran, non-agricultural activities in rural areas due to recent droughts, water resources crisis and the tendency of rural youth to non-agricultural activities ...
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In recent years, the non-agricultural sector has been recognized as a tool to reduce rural poverty and create employment for the rural labor. In Iran, non-agricultural activities in rural areas due to recent droughts, water resources crisis and the tendency of rural youth to non-agricultural activities has grown so much that according to the census of Population and housing in 2017, 49.7% of rural employees have been employed in the non-agricultural sector. This study investigates the factors affecting on employment of farmers in non-agricultural activities in Sabzevar city. Data were obtained of simple random available sampling method from 208 farmers in this city in the year 2021-2022 and were analyzed using the logit model.The results showed that 112 people of farmers had non-agricultural activities, of which about 19.6% had government activities, 30.4% were private, and the largest number of farmers are freely engaged in non-agricultural activities. The results of the logit model showed that factors, including the level of education and the number of members of the farmer's household, have a positive effect, and the variables of the age of the farmer, the cultivation level, the experience of agricultural activity, the diversity of agricultural activity and the amount of agricultural income have a negative effect on farmers' employment in non-agricultural activity. The government take action by raising the level of technical and skill abilities of villagers by providing technical and professional education services in accordance with the creation of entrepreneurship in rural areas at the level of schools and universities.
Rural Development
Alireza Jamshidi; Davood Jamini; Masomeh Jamshidi
Abstract
The development of rural entrepreneurship is the key to solving various problems in the country's rural communities, including unemployment, poverty, food insecurity, migration, social anomalies, etc. The study aimed at investigating the focal correlation between entrepreneurship indicators (X variables ...
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The development of rural entrepreneurship is the key to solving various problems in the country's rural communities, including unemployment, poverty, food insecurity, migration, social anomalies, etc. The study aimed at investigating the focal correlation between entrepreneurship indicators (X variables including success, …) on sustainable rural development (Y variables including social sustainability, economic sustainability…) in rural areas west of Urmia Lake (in 2020-2021) to determine the variability between the two sets of variables. The statistical population of the study includes all households living on the western shore of Urmia Lake (N = 17738), of which 374 sample (households) were selected using Cochran's formula and multi-stage stratified sampling with proportional assignment. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire whose validity and reliability were confirmed using face validity and Cronbach's alpha coefficient (Between 0.703 and 0.836). In this research, in order to investigate the objectives of the study, Canonical Correlation Analysisand Spearman's correlation coefficient were performed using SPSS software. The results of Canonical Correlation Analysis showed that there is a good linear combination between the set of focal variables of rural entrepreneurship indicators and the components of sustainable rural development in the studied areas. Also, the canonical correlation analysis of two significant sets showed that creativity (0.833) and self-confidence (0.898) have a significant relationship with economic stability (0.835) and physical stability (0.982). In other words, it can be concluded that by improving the situation of factors affecting the development of entrepreneurship in rural areas, we can see sustainable rural development. Therefore, it can be suggested to increase skills such as self-reliance, self-confidence, creativity, responsibility, etc. among the villagers through holding various training classes.
Rural Development
mokarram ravanbakhsh; Tooba Abedi
Abstract
Ecosystem threatment assessment is essential to monitoring, evaluating, and developing appropriate environmental management strategies. Amirkelayeh international wildlife refuge with an area of 1230 hectares is located in the Shirjoopasht village belonging to Rudbaneh section, Lahijan city, and Giulan ...
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Ecosystem threatment assessment is essential to monitoring, evaluating, and developing appropriate environmental management strategies. Amirkelayeh international wildlife refuge with an area of 1230 hectares is located in the Shirjoopasht village belonging to Rudbaneh section, Lahijan city, and Giulan province. In this research, first, library resources and the Amirkelayeh wetland ecosystem management plan (2020) were used to compile the criteria and sub-criteria of the research. 30 wetland stakeholders participated in the plan development. To extract and explain wetland problems a questionnaire with basic criteria was designed and sent to 15 experts. In the next step, the opinions of the experts were measured in terms of normality with the help of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Finally, using these components, the problems were analyzed using the method Fuzzy Delphi were ranked. The results of the ranking of the sub-criteria showed that the entrance of invasive species and the growth and decomposition of plant species with a score of 0.38 in the biological criteria, the reduction of the depth and surface of the wetland also, and the fertilizers and pesticide pollution in the physicochemical criteria with a score of 0.21 and 0.20 respectively had the highest ranks. Increasing the farming lands around the wetland with a score of 0.19, unsustainable water resources exploitation, and local communities’ economic issues with a score of 0.18 were identified as the most important economic sub-criteria. Illegal hunting with a score of 0.11 and lack of collaboration among stakeholders in wetland management with a score of 0.10 was the most important social sub-criteria, and finally, lack of awareness of local communities, managers, and stakeholders with scores of 0.31 and 0.30, respectively was the most important cultural sub-criteria. The use of other methods for quantification of wetland- threatening factors will be fruitful in achieving more accurate and complete results for the more successful implementation of the Amirkelayeh wetland ecosystem management plan and achieving sustainable development in villages around the wetland.
Rural Development
Sayed Ramin Ghafari; hajar nasehi
Abstract
Today, human activities, comings and goings and communications at the urban and rural levels have changed a lot and these changes have been regardless of environmental conditions and the desired human environment. The present research is based on applied development goal and in terms of descriptive-analytical ...
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Today, human activities, comings and goings and communications at the urban and rural levels have changed a lot and these changes have been regardless of environmental conditions and the desired human environment. The present research is based on applied development goal and in terms of descriptive-analytical methodology based on library studies and field studies. To study, model and present the optimal model for the development of rural roads network in Shahinshahr and Meimeh. To achieve the objectives of the research, 4 indicators: natural and ecological, socio-cultural, economic and physical-spatial were extracted and surveyed by 30 experts in the field of urban and rural studies and using Smart-Pls software to analyze the factors. Exploration was done. Then, in order to present the optimal model for the development of the rural road network, the colonial competition algorithm (MST minimum tree cover) in Matlab 2016 software environment has been used, and the Tracking Analyst Tools method in spatialization of the studied indicators in Network Analyst Tools is used in the ArcGIS software environment. The results show that among the studied indicators, the socio-cultural index has the highest coefficient and impact on the development of rural road network and then the economic index is effective as a stimulus and mediator in the second category. Also, the results of spatial analysis show that Among the studied villages, 66.6% are in an unsuitable and completely unsuitable situation in terms of the development of the road network.
Rural Development
Asma Eidi; fatemeh kazemiyeh
Abstract
One of the most important environmental aspects of rural areas is the physical development and planning of the rural body through various development and development plans (such as rural hadi plans, the Bayer Land Development Plan and Etc.) Directs human behavior to the environment. One of the rural ...
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One of the most important environmental aspects of rural areas is the physical development and planning of the rural body through various development and development plans (such as rural hadi plans, the Bayer Land Development Plan and Etc.) Directs human behavior to the environment. One of the rural development projects in recent years is the rural hadi project, which is being implemented in large scale in rural areas of the country. Rural hadi plan was implemented to improve socio-economic and especially physical status of rural settlements. Now, after more than twenty years of preparing and implementing rural lead projects and accumulating valuable experiences in this field, we need to know what the consequences and consequences of these actions are. In this regard, this descriptive-survey research was conducted with the aim of analyzing and evaluating the impacts of the implementation of the hadi plan in the village of Ghareaghajkuh in Urmia. The statistical population of the study consists of 204 household heads out of 420 households living in the village. These households were selected based on Krejcie-Morgan table using simple random sampling. Questionnaire was used for data collection and its validity was confirmed by a panel of experts and experts in the field of research. To determine the reliability of the pre-test, the Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.859. Data were analyzed using SPSS software and factor analysis technique. In this study, five factors were identified to summarize the effects of the Hadi plan on rural development, with a specific amount greater than one. The factor analysis and percentage of variance were used to determine the number of factors in this analysis. According to the results of the research, the most important impacts of conducting the plan in the study village were: physical and infrastructural impacts, social impacts, economic impacts, environmental and cultural impacts, respectively. These five factors account for about 64.23% of the total variance.
Rural Development
Mousa Aazami; Mehdi Farhadi; Karwan Shanazi
Abstract
Investing rural economic activities is a suitable and effective way to achieve sustainable rural development which requires educating rural people over new different skills and techniques. This is one of the goals of vocational training programs that have been in operation for many years, but what matters ...
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Investing rural economic activities is a suitable and effective way to achieve sustainable rural development which requires educating rural people over new different skills and techniques. This is one of the goals of vocational training programs that have been in operation for many years, but what matters is how successful they have so far been. Therefore, a wide range of activities required to evaluate the efficiency and practical success of the community that has been addressed in this study. The study area was Famenin County in Hamedan province in which based on the Cochran formula, 200 out of 708 skilled students residing in rural areas of this area were selected by proportional stratified random sampling method. The necessary data were collected in 2019 through a questionnaire consisting of four sections including: demographic and occupational characteristics of respondents and three variables of personal and personality, economic and social abilities. Both SPSS25 and LISREL8.5 soft-wares were used for data analysis. Based on the findings of the research, technical and vocational education have had different effects on the triple dimensions of personality, economic and social empowerment of learners, so as have consequently increased the level and improve the components related to each dimension. This effect was highest in the individual, economic and social dimensions, respectively, and the findings showed a positive and significant relationship between age, number of courses, and education of students with their individual-personality and economic abilities. Based on the results obtained, it is suggested to pay attention to different economic, social and cultural aspects of different areas in vocational and educational courses for more success and higher impact, and give special consideration to some variables like age, literacy and education of skill learners
Rural Development
Fahimifard Fahimifard; Bahman Bazgir
Abstract
In this research transfer and distribution risks of natural gas to rural regions were assessed, evaluated and prioritized, then solutions of their hedging were provided for the case study of Hormozgan province gas company (HPGC). In order to collect the data, designed questionnaires were distributed ...
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In this research transfer and distribution risks of natural gas to rural regions were assessed, evaluated and prioritized, then solutions of their hedging were provided for the case study of Hormozgan province gas company (HPGC). In order to collect the data, designed questionnaires were distributed between chosen sample (using snowball sampling) of expert of gas industry especially in Hormozgan province and 17 questionnaires completed and received. Also, in order to data analyzing, the Delphi technique, analytical hierarchy process (AHP), DEMATEL technique and analytical network process (ANP) were applied. The findings reveal a total of 31 risks distributed across five primary criteria in the transfer and distribution of natural gas to rural areas. With the exceptions of "change in domestic investment rules" and "change in technology," which fall under the yellow (precautionary) category, all other evaluated risks are classified as red (high-risk). Notably, the primary risk criteria in natural gas transfer and distribution to rural regions, ranked in descending order, are "Managerial/organizational," "Economic," "Legal and political," "Environmental," and "Technical." In addition, between risk sub-criteria: "non-adequacy of professional employees", "liquidity lack", "HSE inefficiency", "budget absorption", "managers' unsuitable performance and decisions", "price fluctuations", "economic sanctions", "inefficient scheduling", "fatal events" and "exchange rate fluctuations", are prior. Finally solutions of hedging natural gas transfer and distribution to rural regions by HPGC based on their priority were provided.
Rural Development
gholamreza tajbakhsh
Abstract
The present study was conducted in order to develop rural tourism with the aim of investigating the satisfaction of tourists. The present research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey research in terms of correlational type. The statistical population of this study is rural tourists ...
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The present study was conducted in order to develop rural tourism with the aim of investigating the satisfaction of tourists. The present research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey research in terms of correlational type. The statistical population of this study is rural tourists in 1400 in Vanai village of Boroujerd. Available sampling method was used to select the samples. The method of collecting information and data, field and its tools have made a researcher questionnaire. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by face validity and validity of structures and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The correlation test shows that there is a significant relationship between spatial infrastructure, safety needs, love and belonging needs, self-fulfillment needs, physical needs and satisfaction. According to regression coefficients, infrastructure, physical needs and self-fulfillment needs and safety needs have a direct and positive relationship with the dependent variable, ie satisfaction. The results of the present study generally indicate that the satisfaction of tourists due to the nature of travel and also the motivations of tourists is acceptable.Keywords: Rural tourism, Satisfaction, Boroujerd
Rural Development
Ali Bahrami; Noormohammad Abyar
Abstract
Agricultural development is one of the most critical strategies approaches in rural communities and agricultural development. However, the effectiveness of the strategy has been questioned by some macroeconomic policy makers and social groups. Therefore, Evaluating the socio-economic effects of agricultural ...
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Agricultural development is one of the most critical strategies approaches in rural communities and agricultural development. However, the effectiveness of the strategy has been questioned by some macroeconomic policy makers and social groups. Therefore, Evaluating the socio-economic effects of agricultural research is the first necessity to prove its valuable results. Therefore, this research was conducted with the purpose of evaluating the economic effects of the research activities, using the economic surplus analysis at the Kurdistan Agriculture and Natural Resources Research and Education Center(KANRRE), in 2021. The findings showed that investment in agricultural research increased the benefits and economic welfare of producers(farmers) and consumers of agricultural products and had positive effects on the development of the agricultural and rural sector of the province. The internal rate of return and the average benefit-cost ratio of the research activities have been evaluated as 50% and 1.7, respectively, at this research center. So, each 1 Rial invested in agricultural research has 1.7 Rials of economic benefits for those engaged in agricultural research, especially farmers as the main population of the rural communities of the province. As a result, this increase in benefits will have positive effects on the development process of the agricultural sector and rural communities. Therefore, it is suggested that the government provides the necessary platforms, taking into account its governance duties, by applying supportive policies, both from the perspective of allocating sufficient research credits and from the point of view of creating convergence among all economic policy makers of the country, to create the necessary belief in the fundamental and strategic role of agricultural research in economic and rural development
Rural Development
Shadali Tohidloo; gholamreza mojarradi
Abstract
Life expectancy shows having a better and more appropriate standard of living. As a result, Awareness of the above index in rural areas helps government officials and rural planners in decision making. The aim of this secondary data analysis research was to estimate and zoning of life expectancy in rural ...
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Life expectancy shows having a better and more appropriate standard of living. As a result, Awareness of the above index in rural areas helps government officials and rural planners in decision making. The aim of this secondary data analysis research was to estimate and zoning of life expectancy in rural areas of Iran in 2016. In the research method, based on the official secondary data of the country, the life expectancy table was created and life expectancy were calculated for the rural areas of the provinces of the country, then these areas were zoned using Arc GIS. Based on the results, Tehran province in terms of villagers’ life expectancy has the best location among all of provinces. The amount of this index in Tehran province was different from 74.60 for all of rural people to 74.71 for rural women and 74.50 years for rural men. The worst situation of villagers’ life expectancy in Iran was related to Sistan and Blochestan province, because, the amount of this index was for all villagers’ people 67.26 and for women 67.76 and finally for men 66.76 years. The highest life expectancy between all groups and provinces, related to Tehran province rural women’s with 74.71 years and the lowest was related to the rural men of Sistan and Baluchestan with 66.76 years. Women had more life expectancy than men in all provinces. Finally, the rural people of different provinces placed in three areas of good, moderate and weak in terms of life expectancy index. Planners and policymakers can take over the elimination of deficiencies and deficits in weak areas and improve life expectancy in other areas of the appropriate actions.
Rural Development
Ebrahim ghaed; Mohammadtaher Ahmadi Shadmehri; Habib Shirafkan lamso; Haniye Hossainzadeh
Abstract
The rural areas of Iran are known as the most important hubs for the production of agricultural products. Considering that income distribution has an effect on the level of poverty and economic well-being of rural people, knowing the factors affecting how income is distributed in the rural areas of the ...
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The rural areas of Iran are known as the most important hubs for the production of agricultural products. Considering that income distribution has an effect on the level of poverty and economic well-being of rural people, knowing the factors affecting how income is distributed in the rural areas of the country will be necessary to develop poverty alleviation policies. Identifying these factors will pave the way for appropriate measures in the first place to improve the pattern of rural income distribution and in the second place to reduce rural poverty in Iran. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of trade liberalization and the quality of human resources on the Gini coefficient in rural areas of Iran for the period of 1971-2020. For this analysis, Vector Autoregressive Model, Johansson-Juselius method Engel-Granger method and Vector Error Correction Model are used. The findings of the research based on The coefficient of the error correction method indicates that about 0.61 of the short-term imbalance is adjusted in each period to achieve the long-term equilibrium, and it can be said that in the long-term, a one percent increase in the variables. The quality of human resources (literacy rate of farmers) and the relative income of agriculture causes a decrease of 2.78 and 2.03 percent in the inequality of income distribution, respectively, and a one percent increase in the economic growth variables of the agricultural sector, the government's construction expenditures for agriculture, the index The degree of commercial openness and the ratio of agricultural investment cause an increase of 68%, 0.51%, 2.85% and 1.18% respectively in the inequality of income distribution, and among the types of variables mentioned, the effect of the index of the degree of commercial openness on the inequality of distribution income is more compared to other variables.
Rural Development
Jassem golabifar; Ali Akbar Barati; khalil kalantari
Abstract
Access to food is one of the most important components of food security, which plays an important role in food security. Access to food has three main components including physical, economics and stability. The present study investigated the access of rural households to food in Shavoor village. The ...
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Access to food is one of the most important components of food security, which plays an important role in food security. Access to food has three main components including physical, economics and stability. The present study investigated the access of rural households to food in Shavoor village. The statistical population of the study consisted of all rural households in this district (N = 2624). The sample size of 300 households was determined based on stratified sampling method with proportional assignment. The data collection tool was a questionnaire. To measure access to food, based on the UN MPI, a standard index was developed whose value was between zero and one. This method was a methodological innovation of the study. Findings showed that about 23% of rural households have a good access to food. Among three main components, economic ans stability access have had the more contribution in access to food index. Disability to food supply resources and centers, lack of self-production and severe fluctuations in food prices are the most important causes for reducing the rural households access to food. Accordingly, it was suggested that improvement of ICT infrastructures will provide better condition to access of rural community to food. Promoting a culture of self-production and saving is another suggestion to improve the resilience of rural households to food price fluctuations.
Rural Development
Sara Ranjbar; Hossein Mehdizadeh; Nematollah Shiri
Abstract
This study aimed to identify the effects of olive cultivation on sustainable rural development (SRD) in the city of Rijab, located in Dalahu County, Kermanshah Province, Iran. The study population in the qualitative part included the outstanding and leading farmers, the experts of the Agricultural Jihad ...
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This study aimed to identify the effects of olive cultivation on sustainable rural development (SRD) in the city of Rijab, located in Dalahu County, Kermanshah Province, Iran. The study population in the qualitative part included the outstanding and leading farmers, the experts of the Agricultural Jihad Organization, and the specialists in the research subject in the city of Rijab. These study samples were thus selected purposively, via the snowball sampling technique. The statistical population of the study in the quantitative part was comprised of 370 olive farmers in the city of Rijab and seven affiliated villages (in 2021 year), that 209 of thom selected using proportional stratified random sampling (based on the size of each village). The data collection tool in the qualitative part was individual semi-structured interviews along with group discussions. In the quantitative part, a questionnaire was administered for data collection. Directed content analysis was further utilized to identify the effects and consequences of olive cultivation on SRD in the city of Rijab. Then, statistical methods and confirmatory factor analysis, based on the SPSS and PLS software packages, were employed to prioritize the given effects and consequences. The study findings identified the effects of olive cultivation on SRD in three main factors, viz. social, economic, and environmental. Moreover, a total of 17 strategies were established for developing olive cultivation in the rural areas of the city of Rijab. Other findings demonstrated that (1) increasing tendency to remain in the agricultural sector; (2) improving social welfare among farmers' households; and (3) augmenting the value and status of agribusinesses were among the most important social effects of olive cultivation on SRD. Besides, (1) achieving stable, permanent income; (2) boosting seasonal employment rates among indigenous people, and (3) improving the value of agricultural lands in the region, were the major economic effects of olive cultivation on SRD. Finally, the study results indicated that (1) preventing water and wind erosion in agricultural lands, (2) managing soil salinity, and (3) improving the climate in the region were the most significant environmental effects of olive cultivation on SRD.
Rural Development
Ahad Norouzzadeh
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the pathology of complaints in rural cooperatives and provide solutions to reduce them, in two stages of team analysis and survey with a sustainable rural development approach in an exploratory and descriptive manner in 2021. The statistical population in the ...
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The aim of this study was to investigate the pathology of complaints in rural cooperatives and provide solutions to reduce them, in two stages of team analysis and survey with a sustainable rural development approach in an exploratory and descriptive manner in 2021. The statistical population in the first stage was 23 heads of departments, managers, board members and inspectors of rural cooperatives in the province who were selected by sampling chain reference (snowball method) and in the second stage 200 employees of cooperative offices, labor and Social welfare of the province and members of cooperatives that were selected by stratified random sampling. The data collection tools in the first stage were in-depth interviews and in the second stage, a researcher-made questionnaire resulting from the first stage. For data analysis in the first stage, the Theme analysis method and Atlas-ti software in 6 stages and in the second stage, the first and second confirmation factor analysis tests were used with the help of Amos software. According to the findings of the research, the factor "lack of financial transparency" with a path coefficient of 0.744 had the greatest effect on the occurrence of complaints in these companies. After this factor, "weakness in supervision and control" factor with a coefficient of 0.714, "weakness in management" factor with a path coefficient of 0.592, "preference for individual interests" factor with a path coefficient of 0.568, "not being competitive" factor with Path coefficient of 0.53, "revision of laws" factor with a coefficient of 0.521 and finally "limits and authority" factor with a coefficient of 0.312 were respectively identified as the most important and influential factors of complaints in rural cooperative companies. Based on this, it is suggested to pay attention to the conflict of interest in these companies. Also, continuous monitoring and necessary inspections and consideration of the balance sheet and performance and profit and loss accounts, the proposed budget and the reports of the board of directors to the general assembly should also be reviewed.
Rural Development
fatemeh kazemiyeh; Asma Eidi; Sadegh Esmaili
Abstract
The formation and expansion of rural cooperative companies is one of the most important policies and strategies for the development of the agricultural sector and the rural society of Iran in the last half century. Therefore, considering the role that rural cooperative companies can have in this regard, ...
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The formation and expansion of rural cooperative companies is one of the most important policies and strategies for the development of the agricultural sector and the rural society of Iran in the last half century. Therefore, considering the role that rural cooperative companies can have in this regard, the present research was conducted with the aim of identifying the barriers to the development of rural cooperative companies in Urmia city. This research is applied in terms of purpose and analytical-exploratory in terms of methodology and has a qualitative-quantitative approach. The statistical population consisted of two groups. The first group was experts and experts in rural cooperative affairs, which was conducted with 15 people using a targeted sampling method. The second group of managers and members of the board of directors of rural cooperative companies in Urmia city in 2021 were 120 people, and due to the limited statistical population, the census method was used to collect information. Collecting and collecting data and information was done in the form of documents and field. Data analysis was done using exploratory factor analysis technique and with the help of Spss22 software. The results of the research showed that the barriers to the development of rural cooperative companies in Urmia city were classified in the form of seven social-cultural factors, structural, economic, managerial, political, organizational-supportive and service characteristics, and the first factor is called cultural. - Social and by explaining 11.41% of the variance changes, it was introduced as the most important factor, which is the low professional knowledge of the cooperative members, the differences in the amount of members and cooperative elements, the low spirit of responsibility among the cooperative members, including The variables located in this factor were Based on the obtained results, the problems summarized in seven factors explained about 62% of the total variance changes. According to the results of the research, it is suggested to raise the awareness of the members through holding empowerment workshops regarding the nature and function of cooperatives, principled and realistic planning based on the needs of cooperatives .
Rural Development
Amir Ahmadi; Mohammad Badsar; Heydar Gholizadeh; Roya Karami
Abstract
Lack of food diversity as the most important aspect of household access to food is a major challenge for rural communities. The main purpose of this study is to assess the food security status of rural households in the study area using the food diversity index and determine the main factors affecting ...
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Lack of food diversity as the most important aspect of household access to food is a major challenge for rural communities. The main purpose of this study is to assess the food security status of rural households in the study area using the food diversity index and determine the main factors affecting the household diet. This cross-sectional research is one of the applied researches that has been compiled by a descriptive-analytical method. The main tool for data collection is a combination of a standard questionnaire calculating the score of food diversity in terms of counting food groups consumed by the household in the reference period of 24 hours before the interview and a researcher-made questionnaire. The statistical population includes all rural households in West Azerbaijan province. 482 households were selected as a statistical sample by cluster sampling in several stages using Cochran's formula. The results showed that the main food groups consumed by rural households in West Azerbaijan province are cereals with% 57.9, root and tuberous plants with% 56.4 and legumes with% 49.8.Also, in terms of food diversity classification of rural households, %58.1 were in the category of moderate food diversity. Analysis of hypothetical relationships based on standard values obtained from Maximum Likelihood Estimates and Bayesian maximal estimation methods in Amos software showed that the variables of livestock ownership, education level, household size, and annual income, in general, explain% 85 of the changes in food variability dependent variables. It is suggested to diversify the sources of income and at the same time improve the level of education of the head of the household, which leads to increasing nutritional knowledge and leading the diet towards choosing and consuming healthier and more varied products in the diet of rural households
Rural Development
Jalal Yavari; Zahra Athari
Abstract
Attention to food security in Iran has always been one of the main goals of rural and agricultural development programs. In this regard, rural households, which are the main suppliers of the country's food, should have proper access to the desired food, while this issue has always faced many challenges. ...
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Attention to food security in Iran has always been one of the main goals of rural and agricultural development programs. In this regard, rural households, which are the main suppliers of the country's food, should have proper access to the desired food, while this issue has always faced many challenges. Therefore, the purpose of this study, which was conducted in the year 2021 with a qualitative method, was to analyze the challenges of food security in rural households. The study population was the heads of rural households in Haft Ashian District from Kermanshah Township (N=375). The main tool of data collection was in-depth interviews with key informants who were studied through purposeful sampling and snowball method (n=35). Analysis of data collected by content analysis method using MAX-QDA12 software led to the identification 44 concepts in the form of 4 main categories. Based on this, the basic challenges of food security in the study area in order of importance include: financial and credit challenges (frequency: 212), weak management and legislation (frequency: 190), socio-cultural challenges (frequency: 183) and the complexity of the nature of agriculture and environmental conditions (frequency: 181). Therefore, improving the income rural households will have important and significant effects on the improvement of food security, and the emphasis and attention of the authorities on financial and credit challenges can be very useful.
Rural Development
Yousef Darvishi; mahdi sadeghiha; Hassan Vahdani charzekhon
Abstract
The physical-spatial system, as one of the subsystems of the rural area, changes under the influence of a number of internal factors and its external environment. Among the external environmental factors, cities and the nature of their spatial interaction with rural areas are one of the most important ...
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The physical-spatial system, as one of the subsystems of the rural area, changes under the influence of a number of internal factors and its external environment. Among the external environmental factors, cities and the nature of their spatial interaction with rural areas are one of the most important factors that influence the development of the village and especially the physical-spatial system. Accordingly, the aim of this study is to investigate the physical-spatial changes in the villages on the outskirts of Kalaleh. The research method is descriptive and analytical. In this study, based on the research objectives, the study of land use changes in the study area was conducted using Landsat satellite images (4, 5 and 8) for 2000 and 2020. The used false color images of OLI sensor were referred to the panchromatic band with 20 ground control points and considering the corresponding RMSe (0.28) of the ground. Then, the images of the sensors MSS and TM were referenced by the image-to-image method with RMSe less than 0.5 soil. In this study, supervised classification and maximum similarity algorithm were used to monitor land cover changes. The results of the land use change detection method and the study of the growth of villages in the outskirts of Kalaleh during these years show that the physical development of these villages, especially around Kalaleh city, is growing according to the needs of the population and consequently the process of conversion of agricultural land. And a village on the outskirts of the city was associated with an upward trend. Although the capital and labor in the region dominate and have a relative superiority over the area, there is a reciprocal relationship with the surrounding rural areas. In other words, the city of Kalaleh, by providing livelihood services and facilities to the villages within its sphere of influence, as well as purchasing products produced by the villagers and creating the conditions for the growth and dynamism of the villages, brought about physical-spatial changes in these villages.
Rural Development
fatemeh sogandi
Abstract
The tourism industry is the largest industry in the world and all countries is considered an essential tool for the development of economic activities in different fields. The development of this industry, especially in rural tourism, can help the development of local businesses. The general purpose ...
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The tourism industry is the largest industry in the world and all countries is considered an essential tool for the development of economic activities in different fields. The development of this industry, especially in rural tourism, can help the development of local businesses. The general purpose of this study is to analyze the factors affecting the development of rural tourism, especially during the Corona period from the perspective of the residents of Bozhan village in Neishabour. This research is descriptive and analytical. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire were obtained through factor analysis and Cronbach's alpha. In this regard, a questionnaire was provided to the villagers based on Cochranin which the sample size was 294 people. Sample selection from local people is done by a simple random sampling method. Research objectives are performed by descriptive statistics and then an exploratory factor analysis technique, multiple regression and t-test. In this regard, the collected data are analyzed using Excel and SPPS software. The statistical results show that the factors of village attractions, village infrastructure, and villagers’ attitude, and economic level, social, managerial and environmental level are the factors that affect the development of tourism in Bozhan village and have a direct relationship with it. But coronavirus has the highest percentage of variance in the factors affecting tourism development with an inverse relationship with the dependent variable. Finally, some suggestions are mentioned based on the analyzing data for the development of rural tourism in this region during the Corona period.
Rural Development
Hossein Heidari; Ahmad Shakiba; Karaim Vosoughi Niri; ahmad hajalizadeh
Abstract
The concern of rural development and the empowerment of rural communities is one of the most important issues of underdeveloped communities in the world today. Before this, it was believed that these communities can be saved from poverty and backwardness with some interventions and by preparing comprehensive ...
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The concern of rural development and the empowerment of rural communities is one of the most important issues of underdeveloped communities in the world today. Before this, it was believed that these communities can be saved from poverty and backwardness with some interventions and by preparing comprehensive plans and in an orderly manner and provide a sustainable livelihood for the rural residents; But today, it is clear that the inner power and capacity of rural communities is involved more than anything else in the possibility of realizing development and creating a sustainable livelihood. This article tries to classify the capacity and development potential of the villages of Malekshahi city based on socio-economic indicators. The research method is the survey and statistical population of households in the villages of Malekshahi city. The sample size is 580 samples determined by Cochran's formula. The sampling method is matched sampling and random selection of samples. The findings showed that the villages of Malekshahi have a much better situation in terms of social indicators such as cohesion, participation, trust, skill and education compared to economic indicators such as employment, access to credits, income and institutional structures. The results showed that in order to implement the empowerment program and provide sustainable livelihood, in addition to benefiting from the local social and human capital, it is necessary to take advantage of removing obstacles to access to financial credits and putting small and surplus funds into the cycle of rural communities.
