Agri Eco.
zahra ghaffari moghadam; Ebrahim Moradi; mahmoud hashemi tabar; ali sardar shahraki
Abstract
The critical situation of water resources in arid and semi-arid regions of Iran, especially the Sistan region, has faced a serious problem in the process of sustainable development in this region. Insufficient attention to the optimal management of agricultural water resources and the continuation of ...
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The critical situation of water resources in arid and semi-arid regions of Iran, especially the Sistan region, has faced a serious problem in the process of sustainable development in this region. Insufficient attention to the optimal management of agricultural water resources and the continuation of some current incorrect methods is one of the main factors in the failure to achieve sustainable agricultural and rural development. In this research, with the optimal management of the Hirmand River in the agricultural sector, an attempt has been made to develop the agricultural and rural sectors of the Sistan region. For this purpose, game theory has been used to allocate water between agricultural lands in rural areas of Sistan in 2020-2021. The meta-heuristic algorithm was used to run the game, combining a dynamic genetic algorithm and fuzzy programming method. The results showed that the use of the proposed model could lead to an efficient and fair distribution of water between irrigated areas and different crops so that maximum profit is obtained from this allocation and by increasing irrigation efficiency from 35 to 50 and 70% of the total profit will increase from 314810 to 544390 and 896050 million Rials. According to the results of this study, it is suggested that high-yield crops such as onions and melons be replaced with low-yield crops such as wheat and barley. Also, due to the water crisis in the Sistan region, the results of Stackelberg game modeling in this study can be used for optimal water allocation in the Sistan region.
Economics
Mohamad Rastegar; davood kiakojouri; Mohamad Javad TaghiPourian; Mohamad Mehdi Pourpasha
Abstract
Although one of the main principles of cooperatives is cooperation principle, cooperation section will face serious issues in free economic due to the lack of competitive structures. The main purpose of this study was to explain the factors affecting the competitiveness of cooperatives using a hybrid ...
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Although one of the main principles of cooperatives is cooperation principle, cooperation section will face serious issues in free economic due to the lack of competitive structures. The main purpose of this study was to explain the factors affecting the competitiveness of cooperatives using a hybrid approach. Using this approach, the findings of internal and external studies were systematically examined using the seven-step method of Sandowski and Barso. Out of 232 articles searched in this field, 43 articles were selected and based on that, competitive maps were identified and extracted. Based on three-step coding in MAXQDA software, these factors were analyzed and categorized into one main category and seven core codes. Kappa index was used to measure the reliability and quality control of the present study. The kappa coefficient calculated was equal to 0.906, which is at the level of excellent agreement. According to this study, the results showed that all seven principles of cooperation affect the competitiveness of this sector. Attention and the need to review the principles and emphasize the loyalty of cooperatives to them in order to preserve their identity, can be a powerful tool to create and maintain a sustainable competitive advantage of cooperatives.
Agri Eco.
Mashaallah salarpoor; Mojtaba Okati
Abstract
Medicinal plants have been great importance throughout human life. Because the variety of medicinal plants in Iran is huge, exporting these types of plants can be a great deal for Iran. In this study, according to data from 1997 to 2020 in FAO, four types of herbs, fennel, anise, badian, and coriander ...
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Medicinal plants have been great importance throughout human life. Because the variety of medicinal plants in Iran is huge, exporting these types of plants can be a great deal for Iran. In this study, according to data from 1997 to 2020 in FAO, four types of herbs, fennel, anise, badian, and coriander were used to cluster the target export markets (the top 20 countries). These 20 countries were selected based on market share indicators, market size, market growth, export continuity, market structure, competitive advantage and export price, then clustered using k-means clustering technique and SPSS software. The results showed that Iran's export target markets should be divided into four clusters based on export price priority. Pakistan, UAE and Ukraine in one cluster (first cluster), Peru, India, China, Bangladesh, Bahrain, Turkey, Qatar and Kuwait in one cluster (second cluster), Japan and Korea in third cluster and Singapore, UK, Colombia, Malaysia, Spain, Belgium, Germany and Russia are in the fourth cluster. Therefore, it is suggested to increase exports to the countries in the first cluster. On the other hand, it is possible to export more to countries around Iran at a lower price. Because the countries of the fourth cluster are new markets for Iranian medicinal plants, more currency can be earned by exporting to these countries. It is also suggested that the government pay more attention to the export of medicinal plants that have a high global demand.
Agri Eco.
Javad Tayranian Karimian; Jalil Farzadmehr; Reza Yari
Abstract
With the importance of medicinal and economic of shrubs Rhus coriaria, the aim of this study was to determine the most important ecological factors affecting its distribution in its natural habitats in Mashhad rangelands. Sampling was done by systematic-random sampling method with 3 transects and 10 ...
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With the importance of medicinal and economic of shrubs Rhus coriaria, the aim of this study was to determine the most important ecological factors affecting its distribution in its natural habitats in Mashhad rangelands. Sampling was done by systematic-random sampling method with 3 transects and 10 plots per transect and vegetation parameters and environmental factors were measured. Soil properties were sampled from the beginning and end of each transect. Statistical analyzes were performed using R software and analysis of variance, considering the normality of the data. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to investigate the distribution of environmental factors. Results of analysis of variance of measured factors showed that there were no significant differences between percentages of sand, clay, silt and soil texture as well as percent and slope factors. Mostly distributed in eastern and southeast oriental species, loamy soil texture, slope percentage between slopes of 30-37% and soil sand percentage between 42-46%, The silt percentage is between 37 and 44% and the clay content is between 13 and 19%. The results showed that among the factors of height, annual rainfall, electrical conductivity, carbon, phosphorus, potassium, lime, acidity, mean annual temperature, there was a significant difference between the studied sites at 1% level of annual maximum and minimum annual temperature; In other words, these factors are not the most important factors of species distribution and they only differ among the studied habitats and cause differentiation of species.
Agricultural Extension and Education
mohammad reza bakhshi; Majid Ranai; Asadollah Zamanipour; Mahmood Fal Soleyman
Abstract
Farming joint stock companies are currently growing and spread of this type of Farming Systems is already on the agenda of government. In this paper, the shareholders’ satisfaction from the performance of farming joint stock companies was evaluated. To this end, Correlation and Regression techniques ...
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Farming joint stock companies are currently growing and spread of this type of Farming Systems is already on the agenda of government. In this paper, the shareholders’ satisfaction from the performance of farming joint stock companies was evaluated. To this end, Correlation and Regression techniques were used. This research is an applied one with a descriptive-analytical approach. For collecting data, two techniques of documentary and surveying method have been used. The population of this study consisted of all 1899 shareholders of four old Farming Joint Stock companies, out of which 325 members determined as sample using Cochran Formula and stratified random sampling technique. The analysis of data was done by using SPSS software. Satisfaction was estimated at four levels: unsatisfied, relatively unsatisfied, satisfied and very satisfied. Research findings indicated 48/1 and 17/9 percent of shareholders were "satisfied" and "very satisfied", respectively, from the performance of farming joint stock companies. Members’ satisfaction from the performance of farming joint stock companies was evaluated at moderate to high level. There was a statistically significant relationship between "participation in decision making","Mode of the personnel behavior","appointment of competent persons","Diversity of products" and "shareholders’ satisfaction" level. Results of regression analysis revealed that education level, the amount of dividends, participation in decision-making and appointment of competent persons explains 83 percent of changes that occur at the level of shareholders satisfaction.
Farahnaz Akbaroghli
Abstract
Supporting rural women as producers in addition to mothers and family managers. I n rural areas, women have been active in all activities, but women's productive role has become diminished in recent decades. In some rural areas of Iran, including the statistical population of this study, the villages ...
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Supporting rural women as producers in addition to mothers and family managers. I n rural areas, women have been active in all activities, but women's productive role has become diminished in recent decades. In some rural areas of Iran, including the statistical population of this study, the villages of Zaborkhan district of Neishabour city have been faced with decreasing the role of women's productive activities, especially handicrafts. Therefore, the present study aims to reduce the level of activity and participation of women. Accordingly, 111 samples of women employed in handicrafts were selected and analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics. At the inferior level, one sample of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and T-test were used to test the assumptions. To determine the reliability of the test, Cronbach's alpha method was used. A single-sample parametric T test showed that rural handicrafts play a role in diversifying economic activities and the level of productive activity and participation of women, and reducing the role of these industries in the studied area has reduced the income of rural households as a result of their migration. To counteract the decline in the role of handicrafts in the region, rural women's familiarity with modern production methods, the application of women's knowledge of rural artists, and the raising of credits for training and insurance for rural women's artisans, not only contribute to the development of rural industries but also boost And the greater participation of rural women in production.
Dariush Hayati; Fatemeh Haffari
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate factors affecting pomegranate growers' tendency toward agricultural insurance in Natanz County. Sample size was 250 that were selected by Kucran formula collected by questionnaire. Questionnaire reliability was examined by Cronbach's Alpha method about 80 percent. ...
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The aim of this study is to investigate factors affecting pomegranate growers' tendency toward agricultural insurance in Natanz County. Sample size was 250 that were selected by Kucran formula collected by questionnaire. Questionnaire reliability was examined by Cronbach's Alpha method about 80 percent. Findings revealed that willingness to insurance has direct relation with age, background in orchard production, number of household members, awareness toward insurance, positive attitude about insurance, risk prone, social participator, use of information resources in relation to insurance, annual income, production amount, total area of orchard. Moreover, those pomegranate growers that agricultural production was their second job, in compare to those who agricultural production was their main job, had more tendency toward insurance. Besides, those who got into debt in compare to those who did not get into debt had more tendency toward insurance. Using information resources to enhance pomegranate growers' awareness toward insurance, delivering supportive services for small holder pomegranate growers, and installment of insurance amount for those who have less earned income, are some part of those recommendations which have been presented in this study in order to enhance tendency toward agricultural insurance.
Agricultural Extension and Education
Abbas Abbasian; Mahboobeh Naseri; Mohammad Reza Abbaspor
Abstract
Recently, the development of canola (Brassica napus L.) cultivation has attracted the attention of agricultural managers due to its favorable characteristics and the need for oil self-sufficiency. The present study was conducted to evaluate and analyze canola cultivation and yield in Torbat Heydariyeh ...
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Recently, the development of canola (Brassica napus L.) cultivation has attracted the attention of agricultural managers due to its favorable characteristics and the need for oil self-sufficiency. The present study was conducted to evaluate and analyze canola cultivation and yield in Torbat Heydariyeh Kadkan district. For this purpose, data on harvest levels, number of users and canola yields were examined during four years. Harvest levels in 2016, 2017, 2018 and 2019 were 20.3, 28.3, 26 and 22.15 hectares, respectively. Also, the weighted average yield of canola farms in Kadkan district during the mentioned years was 2.5, 3.4, 3.8 and 4 tons per hectare, respectively. The correlation of harvest data and yield of 28 rapeseed farms in the Torbat Heydariyeh Kadkan villages was adjusted with two linear and 3-parametric sigmoid models. The 3-parameter sigmoid model had a higher accuracy than the linear model due to the higher correlation coefficient (R= 0.65**) and the mean square error (RMSE = 0.85) Based on the sigmoid model, yield increased with increasing rapeseed cultivation levels and then stabilized. There was a significant relationship between the level and yield of canola in the four-year period (R = 0.6**), so that as the level of cultivation increased, the yield also increased. The production of 15 canola codecs in Kadkan during 33 years was 335 tons. To develop canola cultivation among farmers in Kadkan, programs such as increasing the guaranteed purchase price, timely supply of seeds, increasing incentive policies, developing efficient canola machines such as grain harvesters, equipping combine harvesters with canola harvesting heads, development of type irrigation and other new methods of irrigation, development of canola cultivation, development of joint ship projects, creation of shopping centers and collection of rapeseed from farmers, research to identify cold-tolerant cultivars to reduce cold sensitivity and development of the program Promotional training, especially when planting, watering and harvesting time of time is recommended. It is also advisable for agricultural managers and promoters of production areas to reduce costs and achieve greater economic efficiency and performance, encouraging major farmers to develop rapeseed cultivation.
Marzieh mousavi; Bahman khosravipour; Ali sorkhi
Abstract
The importance of organic agriculture and its vital role in sustainable development is irrefutable, Different factors affect on the decision to accept it. Farmers' Attitudes towards organic farming is One of the most important factors. Because, Activity and decisions of individuals About any phenomenon ...
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The importance of organic agriculture and its vital role in sustainable development is irrefutable, Different factors affect on the decision to accept it. Farmers' Attitudes towards organic farming is One of the most important factors. Because, Activity and decisions of individuals About any phenomenon Is effective on their Attitude. This study aimed to identify factors Affecting on Attitude of vegetable growers towards Organic Farming in Bavi city in Khuzestan province. The research method was Descriptive - correlation. The statistical population of the study were vegetable growers in Bavi city(N=140). By using Morgan’s table the sample size was determined (n=103). The findings showed that, most respondents have a relatively negative attitude towards organic farming(40/4 percent). Between Farming experience and Literacy levels and attitude towards organic farming were positive and significant correlation (p=0/05). The results of the factor analysis indicate that four factor: Supportive- education,managerial, cultural and product features in total explained 54.27 percent variance factors affecting on positive attitude of Vegetable Growers towards organic farming. 50.44 percent variance factors affecting on negative attitude towards organic farming Were explained By the five factor: Lack of support facilities, economic, Inputs, Weakness of knowledgeand awareness and farming.
Agricultural Extension and Education
Roghayeh Yousefi Hajivand; Mansour ghanian; masoud baradaran; leila Ramezani
Hamid Nasrabadi; Driush Hayati
Abstract
In desspit of governments attention for improving rural areas which have potential for rural tourism development, there is less attended to their residents' attitudes in this regard. Therefore, this study aims to analyze rural residents' attitude toward rural tourism impacts. Research method is descriptive ...
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In desspit of governments attention for improving rural areas which have potential for rural tourism development, there is less attended to their residents' attitudes in this regard. Therefore, this study aims to analyze rural residents' attitude toward rural tourism impacts. Research method is descriptive by using survey technique for data collection. Those local households who live in three villages (Rood, Darbehesht and Ghar) were the research population. Thus, 113 households were selected as sample group by using proportional random sampling method. Finding revealed there is meaningful statistical difference between attitude toward rural tourism impacts and level of education; membership in local associations and residents' job. Besides, results of using correlation coefficient test revealed there is meaningful relationship between attitude toward rural tourism impacts and local people income and their orchard area. Finding of stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that orchard area; annual income; and level of education as three independent variable can predict about 40 percent of attitude toward rural tourism impacts as dependent variable. Some recommendation have presented according to research results at the end of article.
Maryam Sharifzadeh; Mahboube Shahrekie
Abstract
Domestic fuel forms a significant part of the total energy demand and providing adequate and sustainable fuel is considered as a pivotal foundation for development. This survey study aims at investigating domestic fuel consumption patterns of rural areas in central district of Zahedan County, Eastern ...
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Domestic fuel forms a significant part of the total energy demand and providing adequate and sustainable fuel is considered as a pivotal foundation for development. This survey study aims at investigating domestic fuel consumption patterns of rural areas in central district of Zahedan County, Eastern Iran. The sample was consisted of 250 household heads resided in rural areas with more than 25 households. The validity of questionnaire was confirmed by a panel of experts and its reliability was measured by using a pilot study. Findings revealed that, only 43 percent (n=102 household) revealed an efficient energy use behavior. The efficient energy consumers were significantly different with respect to their education level, age, income, and the other household characteristics. Results from the structural equation modeling which was used to confirm adequacy of the reasoned action model of fuel consumption behavior, showed that 0.24 percent of fuel consumption behavior was determined by attitude, intention and subjective norms towards fuel consumption. The paper presented applied suggestions regarding fuel consumption with special consideration on health and ecosystem and indoor sanitation issues.
Agricultural Extension and Education
Hossein Jaafarzade; Loghman Rashidpour; Solieman Rasouliazar
Abstract
The agricultural sector in the West Azerbaijan province is faced with problems such as lack of capital and investment. Therefore, non-governmental funds for agricultural investment are a suitable solution for correct injection of funds to the agricultural sector. The purpose of this research was to study ...
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The agricultural sector in the West Azerbaijan province is faced with problems such as lack of capital and investment. Therefore, non-governmental funds for agricultural investment are a suitable solution for correct injection of funds to the agricultural sector. The purpose of this research was to study the effects of Agricultural Supporting Fund in the West Azerbaijan province. The research methodology was a descriptive – survey. The statistical population included 173 organizations of fund shareholders from whom 120 samples were determined by using the Kerejcie and Morgan table. The sampling and selection technique used for choosing the sample society was the stratified random sampling technique. The main tool of data collection was simple random sampling. The main tool of data collection was a questionnaire whose validity and reliability was confirmed by experts and Cronbach's alpha coefficient was between 0.712 to 0.935. Data were analyzed by using the SPSS (V.21) software. The R-factor analysis was used to explain the effects of the agricultural supporting fund on agricultural development in the West Azarbaijan province. The results of factor analyses showed that the effects of Agricultural Investment Fund in the West Azerbaijan Province can be classified in 5 effects that include; Economic effects, Social effects, Production effects, Skill effects and Educational effects. These items explained 71.42% of the total variation related to the Agricultural Investment Fund effects in the West Azarbaijan Province.
Agri Eco.
Shoja Mousapour; Mahmoud Ahmadpour; Ahmad Ali Kheikha; Mohammad Reza Sasouli; valiollah Sarani
Abstract
The Khabr National Park is the most important national park that is located in the South East of the country. It benefits from a great deal of animal and plant biodiversity and climate variability that are of great importance for rural recreation. Therefore, the National Park's valuation ...
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The Khabr National Park is the most important national park that is located in the South East of the country. It benefits from a great deal of animal and plant biodiversity and climate variability that are of great importance for rural recreation. Therefore, the National Park's valuation could explain its importance to the rural people and the tourists inside the park.as well as affect the decisions of the managers. The main aim of this study is to estimate the value of protecting the natural resources of this national park. The Logit model and a dual two-part selection method was used in order to investigate the factors affecting rural people and tourists’ willingness to pay. The data needed for this research study was collected by completing questionnaires and interviews with 228 persons from local people and tourists in 2015. This activity was carried out for three months using the Cochran general formula and random sampling was used. The results showed that factors such as gender, education, previous participation in promotional classes, participation in state institutions, being a local resident and income have a positive and significant effect while age and the proposed amount have a negative and significant effect on local people's willingness to pay (WTP). The per person’s average willingness to pay is about 180 thousand Rials and the per family’s average willingness to pay is about 800 thousand Rials per month. The results show that the rural people and the tourists inside the park and other tourists place a high value on the natural resources. Therefore, it is recommended that politicians and policy-makers pay special attention to these natural resources and invest more on maintaining and improving the quality of these resources.
Geography and plan
amir salari; Maryam heydarzadeh; nasim Ghashghaeizade
Abstract
Continuous monitoring of the quantity and quality of groundwater resources is essential due to the excessive dependence of employment on these resources. The present study was conducted with the aim of quantitative and qualitative study of groundwater resources in the villages of centeral part of Bandar ...
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Continuous monitoring of the quantity and quality of groundwater resources is essential due to the excessive dependence of employment on these resources. The present study was conducted with the aim of quantitative and qualitative study of groundwater resources in the villages of centeral part of Bandar Lengeh city. After quantitatively estimating the groundwater balance, taking into account all components of the aquifer inlet and outlet, level hydrogeological maps and groundwater level changes based on the average of the lunar data were at least in GIS software (10.3 version). By quantitative and qualitative monitoring of groundwater resources in the study area, using water quality statistics of 35 wells that were registered by the Regional Water Company during the statistical period of 2003-2018, groundwater curves were drawn and plotted. The results showed that the groundwater balance of Pedlmezan, west Dezhgan and east Dezhgan aquifers were 5.94, 0.64 and 3.24 million cubic meters per year, respectively, and the amount of allowable withdrawal from the mentioned aquifers were 5.60, 0.64 and 0.64 million cubic meters per year, respectively. Annual drop of -0.03, -0.08 and -0.07 meters of water level of Pedlmezan, west Dezhgan and east Dezhgan indicates the favorable conditions of the aquifer water balance. The qualitative results of the basin showed that the average electrical conductivity of Pedlmezan aquifer has decreased from 6935 μs⁄cm in 2007 to 5654 μs⁄cm in 2003. In Dezhgan plain aquifer, it was found that the average electrical conductivity of the aquifer has increased from 7410 μs⁄cm in 1998 to 10424 μs⁄cm in 2007. Decreasing the amount of electrical conductivity in Pedlmezan aquifer and increasing it in Dezhgan basin is directly related to fluctuations in rainfall in the relevant basin in this period. The general result of this research is that the integrated management of water resources and the measures and planning of the regions have maintained the relative balance of water balance in the region, but in order to prevent the reduction of the quality of water resources with high salinity of the basin, the ban on further exploitation of the water resources of the basin should continue.
Geography and plan
Mohammad Akbarpour; Amir Amiri; Somayyeh Azimi
Abstract
Today, due to the rapid population growth trend, the issue of increasing waste has become one of the main challenges of sustainable rural development to protect the environment. Therefore, maintaining environmental sustainability by improving the status of rural waste management has become very important. ...
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Today, due to the rapid population growth trend, the issue of increasing waste has become one of the main challenges of sustainable rural development to protect the environment. Therefore, maintaining environmental sustainability by improving the status of rural waste management has become very important. In this regard, the purpose of this study is to identify issues and problems of waste management in rural areas of Mahidasht district. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. The pls structural model has been used to measure the relationship between the research variables and the waste disposal method. The results indicate that waste management in the studied villages is not in a good condition. According to the research findings and model estimation Structural equations pls The results show the relationship between the variables of attention and awareness of local officials and managers and its direct effect on the presence or absence of facilities in the region for the collection and sanitary disposal of waste that these issues directly and indirectly It causes the non-participation of local communities and eventually rural waste is buried unsanitary or stored in a corner of the village.
Agri Eco.
Reza Esfanjari Kenari; Mostafa Eskandari; Hosein Mehrabi Boshrabadi
Abstract
In this study different irrigation methods of wheat in the Fars province were analyzed using metafrontier approach technological gap ratio. For this purpose, information about 100 farmers that were interviewed randomly in 2013 was used. The sample farms were divided into two groups (with and without ...
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In this study different irrigation methods of wheat in the Fars province were analyzed using metafrontier approach technological gap ratio. For this purpose, information about 100 farmers that were interviewed randomly in 2013 was used. The sample farms were divided into two groups (with and without sprinkler irrigation systems) based on the different irrigation methods. The results of estimating the regional frontier production function showed that the technical efficiency for the group with sprinkler irrigation system and the group without sprinkler irrigation system is 0.87 and 0.82, respectively. It means that these producers with a certain amount of average input produce about 87 percent and 82 percent of the product, respectively that could possibly be produced using the same amount of input and available technology. The technical efficiency relative to the metafrontier production function in the group with sprinkler irrigation system and in the group without sprinkler irrigation is 0.84 and 0.72, respectively. The technological gap ratio for the above two groups is 0.96 and 0.88, which means that the sprinkler irrigation system has a better technical performance, and it has a higher technological gap ratio when compared with the with no irrigation system. This is a promising point for policy makers in the field of agriculture since production level could be improved by improvement in the production techniques and proper use of available resources. The results of the factors that are effective in acceptance of technology of sprinkler irrigation system that was evaluated using the Probit model have showed that variables of farmer experiment, their attending extension classes, farmer’s property, loan, risky propensities and ownership of wells all have a positive and significant effect on acceptance of technology of sprinkler irrigation systems.
Rostam Rokni; Mehdi Charmchian Langerodi
Abstract
The role of agricultural extension and extension agents in increasing the gardener's ability, especially the way water management and the use of new irrigation methods, are felt more than ever. In this regard, this study aimed at investigating the role of extension activities on drip irrigation acceptance ...
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The role of agricultural extension and extension agents in increasing the gardener's ability, especially the way water management and the use of new irrigation methods, are felt more than ever. In this regard, this study aimed at investigating the role of extension activities on drip irrigation acceptance by gardeners in Qaemshahr County, Mazandaran Province. 20299 members of gardeners were selected as the statistical population of the study, and 248 of whom were selected as the study sample based on Cochran's formula and with random sampling method. Data collection was done using a researcher-made questionnaire composed of two parts of extension (Gardener's attitudes towards extension training activities, the status of providing education, the amount of innovations and technologies, the amount of communication channels used) and rate of drip irrigation acceptance. The content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by experts' opinions. Also, based on the average variance extracted (0.515 >AVE< 0.718) and composite reliability (0.913 >CR < 0.985), the questionnaire had a convergent validity and appropriate reliability. SPSS16 and Smart PLS2 software were used to analyze the data. The achieved results of the research showed that extension had a significant impact on the rate of drip irrigation acceptance by gardeners (With path coefficient= 0.616). According to the achieved results of the research, It is recommended that by carefully planning, the potential of agricultural extension for accepting drip irrigation and the effective use of agricultural water be used.
Agricultural Extension and Education
Tooba Abedi; Masomeh Hosseini
Abstract
Identification of stakeholders and local communities to determine their awareness about wetlands is essential according to the objectives of the Communication, Education, Participation and Public Awareness (CEPA) program. To plan and take the necessary measures for the conservation and wisely use of ...
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Identification of stakeholders and local communities to determine their awareness about wetlands is essential according to the objectives of the Communication, Education, Participation and Public Awareness (CEPA) program. To plan and take the necessary measures for the conservation and wisely use of wetlands need to participation of local communities and their awareness raising. The statistical population of this study was 8 villages of rural municipality households of Amirkelaye Wetland, which were selected by available sampling method. The 108 questionnaires were distributed using a sample size based on the number of households in each village in summer 2020. The research methodology is conducted in a descriptive and analytical manner, so that at the descriptive stage, the present situation is identified and in the process of work, using statistical analysis. Variables were source of taking information about the wetlands, knowledge about wetland functions and treated factors and the measures to protect the wetland. The results showed that the above variables did not show significant differences between villages (p < 0.05). But there was a significant difference between the dependent variable of public awareness and the above independent variables.
Geography and plan
zahra arboni; Behroz Mohamadi yeghaneh; Jamshid einali; Hosein Farahani
Abstract
Drought has caused great damage to agriculture and rural communities over the past years. In the last decade, the approach to dealing with natural conditions and events has given way to coping and living with them. One of the effective factors in reducing the effects of drought is building the capacity ...
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Drought has caused great damage to agriculture and rural communities over the past years. In the last decade, the approach to dealing with natural conditions and events has given way to coping and living with them. One of the effective factors in reducing the effects of drought is building the capacity of villagers to deal with drought. The purpose of this study is to present scenarios affecting the capacity building of villagers to reduce the effects of drought. The type of research in this study is applied and descriptive-analytical in nature. The statistical population of the present study consists of two groups, the first group consists of 30 professors, specialists and experts related to the research topic and the second group consists of rural elites and villagers and members of the village Islamic council. The method of collecting library and field information (questionnaire, interview) was done, and structural analysis was used to analyze the data using Mick Mac software. Findings show, . Among the 36 indicators studied, the tendency to use the strategies of the past to reduce the effects of drought and the tendency to change the cultivation pattern to drought-resistant plants had the greatest impact on capacity building of villagers to reduce the effects of drought. According to the rankings obtained from the direct and indirect effects of variables, all 36 key influencing factors exist, both in direct and indirect effects. In other words, the study of indirect relationships between different factors shows that all factors in direct effects with a slight change in their rank are repeated exactly in indirect effects.
Env
Ali Ghasemi Ardahaee; Reza Noubakht; Nayereh Rostami
Abstract
Entrepreneurship and sustainable rural employment are the main concerns of rural planners. One of the most basic requirements for this is that young people remain in the rural areas. Accordingly, the aim of this paper is to identify individual and structural factors that are effective in keeping young ...
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Entrepreneurship and sustainable rural employment are the main concerns of rural planners. One of the most basic requirements for this is that young people remain in the rural areas. Accordingly, the aim of this paper is to identify individual and structural factors that are effective in keeping young people in rural areas. Statistical results of the bivariate and multilevel modeling (HLM) shows that rural youth are not willing to stay in rural regions. One may cite the following individual factors contributing to this lack of interest in staying in rural areas: age, marital status, education, communication with relatives in the city, as well as employment status and job skills. People with higher human capital who have technical skills and building related non-agricultural skills are not interested in staying in rural areas. Moreover, the increased population in the villages and lack of social welfare facilities in village are highly effective in reducing the tendency of young people to stay in the villages.
Omid Jamshidi; Seyd Davoud Haji Mirrahimi
Abstract
The attitude of greenhouse owner as the basis of agricultural production towards sustainable agriculture could be grounds for increasing the sustainability of this type of cultivation system. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to investigate the factors affecting the attitude of greenhouse ...
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The attitude of greenhouse owner as the basis of agricultural production towards sustainable agriculture could be grounds for increasing the sustainability of this type of cultivation system. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to investigate the factors affecting the attitude of greenhouse owners towards sustainability in the Alborz province. The target population for this study consisted of all active greenhouse owners in the Alborz province (N=366). The sample size was determined by using Cochran’s formula (n=155) and using the proportional stratified random sampling method. The validity was confirmed by a panel of experts and its reliability was established by Cronbach's Alpha coefficient (0.85). The results showed that the attitude of 41 percent of the respondents towards sustainability was positive. Also, there were significant differences between the attitudes of the respondents in the group with related education and unrelated education group. Correlation analysis showed that the there is a positive relation between attitude towards searching behavior and the use of communication channels. In addition, the results of multiple regression analysis indicated that about 40 percent of the attitudes of greenhouse owner towards sustainable agriculture are explained by 4 variables. The result of this study indicate that by using different means of providing information and training, we can change the attitudes of greenhouse owners and lead them to produce more sustainable and healthy product.
Geography and plan
Fereshteh Haji Fathali; Marziyeh Bagherataran
Abstract
The distribution of facilities in villages reflects the level of development of the regions and the equilibrium in the spatial distribution of facilities can also express the rural population's access to such facilities. Given that in the developing countries, most of the population live in rural areas, ...
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The distribution of facilities in villages reflects the level of development of the regions and the equilibrium in the spatial distribution of facilities can also express the rural population's access to such facilities. Given that in the developing countries, most of the population live in rural areas, recognizing the structural characteristics of the level of development and awareness of the capacities and environmental abilities of each region is important. In order to solve the problems caused by regional imbalances, the first step is to recognize and classify regions in terms of social, economic and service spheres in the regional development planning process. The bottlenecks and limitations of the regions are recognized and can be resolved. In this regard, the main objective of this research was to study the development or deprivation of villages in the Qazvin province. To achieve this goal, a descriptive-analytical method and a Scalogram model have been used. The development of villages in the Qazvin province has been studied and analyzed using 41 indicators including educational, commercial, cultural, health-therapeutic, infrastructure and other sectors. The results indicate that among the 46 ranked villages in the Qazvin province, Piriyosofian that is one of the villages of Alborz city has ranked first at the top of the table and the village of Alamot down in Qazvin city is in the last rank in the table. Then, according to the results obtained, the villages are divided into four categories: privileged, relatively privileged, semi-privileged and deprived. The deprived villages are located in Qazvin and Avaj, and the more developed villages are located in the city of Buin Zahra.
Tourism
Simin Armaqan
Abstract
This paper has taken the tourism development evaluation of Nour Township sample villages using cross-sectional survey methodology under consideration. Moreover, it studies the dimensions and effective characteristics in tourism stability. The study collected information using document and library methods. ...
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This paper has taken the tourism development evaluation of Nour Township sample villages using cross-sectional survey methodology under consideration. Moreover, it studies the dimensions and effective characteristics in tourism stability. The study collected information using document and library methods. The target population of this study is target villages and tourism sample of Noor city. The study area (target villages and tourism sample of Noor city) has 14 villages and 1574 households. Based on Cochran's formula, 310 household heads were selected as the sample size. The collected data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics using Spearman test and the barometric model. The goal of this paper is to answer the question: “how is the stability evaluation in socio-cultural tourism development in target villages, and tourism sample in the Nour township. For this purpose, the present study evaluates sustainability of tourism and the role of each factor in a time period (Spring Summer 97) by developing a practical method. The results of field research and evaluation of these indicators in rural areas of the Noor city indicate that there is a significant relationship between tourism development and sustainability of target villages and tourism sample of Noor city in socio-cultural dimensions of existence and socio-cultural dimensions of 0/488. It has a medium stability level.
Agricultural Extension and Education
Mohseen Adeli- Sardooei; Babollah Hayati; Hamid Sharifi
Abstract
The human need for food, during recent decades has increased dependence on pesticides and chemical pesticides. Due to the destructions effect of chemical toxins, adoption of bio and non-bio technologies Identical with the sustainable agriculture such as pest control by natural enemies, is taken into ...
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The human need for food, during recent decades has increased dependence on pesticides and chemical pesticides. Due to the destructions effect of chemical toxins, adoption of bio and non-bio technologies Identical with the sustainable agriculture such as pest control by natural enemies, is taken into consideration by agriculture researchers. so, the process of adopting biological control technology is investigated in the farms of tomato in Jiroft County during the period of 2010 until 2014. Why some farmers are faster to adopt this technology is investigated using duration analysis, which allows the timing of an event to be explored in a dynamic framework. The empirical results highlight the negative importance of age variable, and positive effect of farm size and attitude to control biologic. In this study due to the use of survival analysis model it was possible to evaluate the effect of time dependent variables include product price and years of knowledge about control biologic on speed of adoption. Therefore, it became clear that if in a year the price of the product is increase the probability of adoption is increased as well as if the farmer has been informed about biological control technology earlier the technology adoption rate increases.
